Mycotoxin Health Exposure: Molecular Interactions and Cytotoxicity

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 1687

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Université de Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
Interests: cell culture; flow cytometry; cell biology; immunology; macrophage; toxicology; dendritic cells; mycotoxins; monocytes; hepatocytes, intestinal cells; aflatoxin; cytotoxicity assays; acute toxicity; food contaminants; food toxicology; mycotoxin metabolites
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mycotoxins are secreted as low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites by a variety of fungi species. Mycotoxins mainly enter the food chain at the pre-harvest or post-harvest stage when harvested crops are stored in storerooms where conditions are conducive to fungal growth. The occurrence of mycotoxins is widespread, and the mycotoxin-induced contamination of food and feed is a global food safety problem. A large number of food/feed products and beverages are contaminated by mycotoxins, resulting in economic welfare losses. Most toxin-producing fungi can simultaneously generate various mycotoxins and result in the co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins. Although over 300 to 400 compounds are now recognized as mycotoxins, only a few are toxic. Mycotoxins exhibit both acute and chronic toxic effects in humans and animals. Cytotoxicity is one of the most important adverse properties of mycotoxins. Moreover, the effects are caused by a combination of molecular mechanisms of action, involving a multitude of molecular targets and pleiotropic molecular toxicity. It is therefore essential to have relevant data to fill the research gap pertaining to mycotoxin mechanisms (both alone and mixtures). Omics approaches, like transciptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches, are now readily employed as a key tool to elucidate biological pathways, molecular mechanisms, and the toxicity of mycotoxins (alone and in mixtures).

This Special Issue of Toxins on “Mycotoxin Health Exposure: Molecular Interactions and Cytotoxicity” aims to provide a comprehensive view of cytotoxicity and molecular mechanisms, as well as their influence on cellular homeostasis at the various 'omics' levels in order to explain mycotoxin toxicity.

Dr. Nolwenn Hymery
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mycotoxin interactions
  • molecular target
  • cytotoxicity
  • mixture mycotoxins

Published Papers (1 paper)

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22 pages, 3553 KiB  
Article
Cytotoxic Effects of Major and Emerging Mycotoxins on HepaRG Cells and Transcriptomic Response after Exposure of Spheroids to Enniatins B and B1
by France Coulet, Monika Coton, Cristian Iperi, Marine Belinger Podevin, Emmanuel Coton and Nolwenn Hymery
Toxins 2024, 16(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16010054 - 18 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1421
Abstract
Mycotoxins, produced by fungi, frequently occur at different stages in the food supply chain between pre- and postharvest. Globally produced cereal crops are known to be highly susceptible to contamination, thus constituting a major public health concern. Among the encountered mycotoxigenic fungi in [...] Read more.
Mycotoxins, produced by fungi, frequently occur at different stages in the food supply chain between pre- and postharvest. Globally produced cereal crops are known to be highly susceptible to contamination, thus constituting a major public health concern. Among the encountered mycotoxigenic fungi in cereals, Fusarium spp. are the most frequent and produce both regulated (i.e., T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol -DON-, zearalenone -ZEA-) and emerging (i.e., enniatins -ENNs-, beauvericin -BEA-) mycotoxins. In this study, we investigated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of regulated and emerging fusariotoxins on HepaRG cells in 2D and 3D models using undifferentiated and differentiated cells. We also studied the impact of ENN B1 and ENN B exposure on gene expression of HepaRG spheroids. Gene expression profiling pinpointed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and overall similar pathways were involved in responses to mycotoxin exposure. Complement cascades, metabolism, steroid hormones, bile secretion, and cholesterol pathways were all negatively impacted by both ENNs. For cholesterol biosynthesis, 23/27 genes were significantly down-regulated and could be correlated to a 30% reduction in cholesterol levels. Our results show the impact of ENNs on the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway for the first time. This finding suggests a potential negative effect on human health due to the essential role this pathway plays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxin Health Exposure: Molecular Interactions and Cytotoxicity)
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