Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Mechanism Exploration and Risk Assessment

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 February 2026 | Viewed by 584

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Jinjing Road No. 22, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300392, China
Interests: heavy metals; nanoparticle; mycotoxins; molecular mechanism of toxicity; risk assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been widely used in the fields of daily necessities, clinical diagnosis, drug delivery, and agricultural production, yet their toxicity remains a concern. This Special Issue will focus on (1) elucidating the underlying mechanisms of their toxicity and conducting accurate risk assessments, such as nanoparticle uptake and distribution in organisms, oxidative stress, and genotoxic effects; (2) the characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles, the toxicity of target organs, and a detailed comparison of the toxicity between zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Authors are invited to submit original research papers, reviews, and short communications.

Dr. Daowen Li
Prof. Dr. Chongshan Dai
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • zinc oxide nanoparticles
  • molecular mechanism
  • risk assessment
  • heavy metals
  • oxidative stress
  • hepatotoxicity
  • reproductive and developmental toxicity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 825 KB  
Review
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxicity: Underlying Molecular Mechanisms and Future Perspectives
by Chun Chen, Xingyao Pei, Yonger Yu, Chang Gao, Jinran Wang, Rongyao Zhu, Shuxuan Liu, Shusheng Tang and Daowen Li
Toxics 2026, 14(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14010011 (registering DOI) - 20 Dec 2025
Abstract
The expanding application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in consumer products, medicine, and the food industry has raised significant concerns regarding their potential neurotoxicity. This review synthesizes current understanding of the pathways by which ZnO NPs gain access to the central nervous [...] Read more.
The expanding application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in consumer products, medicine, and the food industry has raised significant concerns regarding their potential neurotoxicity. This review synthesizes current understanding of the pathways by which ZnO NPs gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), their resulting neurotoxic effects, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. These nanoparticles primarily breach the CNS via translocation across the blood–brain barrier, axonal transport along sensory nerves, and disruption of the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Upon entry, ZnO NPs induce behavioral deficits, including impaired learning, memory, and motor function, alongside pathological brain damage. The neurotoxicity is driven by a multi-faceted mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, energy depletion, and neuroinflammation, often triggered by the release of Zn2+ ions. Furthermore, ZnO NPs can activate diverse cell death pathways, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Critically, their neurotoxic potential is intrinsically linked to their physicochemical properties, such as size and shape. Emerging evidence also suggests that ZnO NP exposure may promote the aggregation of pathological proteins like Tau, thereby potentially increasing the risk for neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss potential mitigation strategies, such as surface modification and intervention with natural compounds. This review underscores the need for a refined risk assessment of ZnO NPs to ensure their safe deployment. Full article
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