Frosting and Icing

A special issue of Thermo (ISSN 2673-7264).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2026 | Viewed by 1148

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: frosting; icing; heat pump; thermal comfort; advanced cooling; flow boiling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: icing/frosting; boiling/evaporation/condensation; the coupling processes of heat/mass and flow
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: frosting; icing; heat pump; heat exchanger
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran
Interests: CFD; heat and mass transfer; hydrodynamics; gas–solid systems; renewable energy

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Stráněmi 4511, 76005 Zlín, Czech Republic
Interests: analysis, modeling, identification, and control of time-delay systems; algebraic control methods; heat-exchanger processes; autotuning and optimization techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: icing/de-icing; the coupling processes of heat/mass and flow

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As a natural phenomenon, the phenomenon of frost and ice is widely existing and often plays a negative role in many fields, such as energy and power, aerospace, transportation, polar navigation, food refrigeration, biomedicine, etc. In order to solve this typical interdisciplinary problem, research on frost formation mechanism and application technology has attracted a large number of scholars internationally. The journal Thermo intends to organize and publish a "Frosting and Icing" column, aiming to promote the dissemination and academic exchange of frost- and icing-related technologies in order to promote academic development and progress in this field through increased participation; this helps policymakers, engineers, and practitioners in understanding and applying the latest technology and research results. Finally, technical support will be provided for the safe operation of various frost-related engineering scenarios.

This column will share the latest research and application progress in the fields of frost and ice, clarify the technical status of frost and ice research, look forward to future development directions, and explore practical issues of frost and ice technologies with respect to policies, applications, and practices. We sincerely invite global experts, scholars, and professional and technical personnel to contribute actively.

The scope of solicitation includes but is not limited to the following:

(1) Frosting and defrosting of air source heat pump and LNG vaporizing evaporator;

(2) Icing and anti-icing problems in transportation equipment and power equipment engineering;

(3) Frosting and icing issues in aerospace and aviation systems, biomedicine, and cryogenic food storage;

(4) Dynamic characteristics such as droplet impact and water film spreading, solidification characteristics of droplets and water films, and other microscopic studies;

(5) All kinds of hydrophobic anti-frost anti-ice surface interfaces and materials;

(6) Scientific research in the field of polar sea ice, such as sea ice field observation technology and key thermal/dynamic processes of sea ice, etc.;

(7) Frost-forming and icing-related prediction, detection, ice removal, ice breaking, ice storage, ice making, and other technologies.

Prof. Dr. Mengjie Song
Dr. Xuan Zhang
Dr. Long Zhang
Prof. Dr. Seyyed Hossein Hosseini
Dr. Libor Pekař
Dr. Keke Shao
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • frosting
  • icing
  • anti-icing
  • de-icing
  • detection
  • prediction
  • droplet
  • solidification

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4775 KB  
Article
Experimental Study of the Cross-Influence of Frost Morphology and Defrost Strategy on the Performance of Tube-Fin Evaporators of Household Refrigerators
by Luiz P. B. Braun, Rodrigo G. Reis, Carlos A. R. Nascimento, Alexsandro S. Silveira and Christian J. L. Hermes
Thermo 2025, 5(3), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo5030032 - 2 Sep 2025
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the combined influence of running conditions that affect frost morphology and defrost strategies on the thermal-fluid-dynamic performance of tube-fin ‘no-frost’ evaporators. To this end, two purpose-built experimental apparatuses were designed and constructed, one based upon a fully [...] Read more.
This study is aimed at evaluating the combined influence of running conditions that affect frost morphology and defrost strategies on the thermal-fluid-dynamic performance of tube-fin ‘no-frost’ evaporators. To this end, two purpose-built experimental apparatuses were designed and constructed, one based upon a fully instrumented two-door bottom-mount ‘combi’ refrigerator with independent temperature and humidity control in both compartments, and another devised specifically for testing evaporator–heater assemblies under controlled frosting and defrosting cycles. Frost accumulation was studied for different surface temperatures and air humidity levels, revealing that higher humidity and lower surface temperatures led to lower frost density and thermal conductivity. Defrosting operations were analyzed for two different psychrometric conditions using three control strategies: step, ramp and pulse-width modulation (PWM). The ramp strategy yielded the highest defrost efficiency, reaching 36.7% in milder frost conditions, while the step strategy led to lower defrosting times. Such findings support the optimization of evaporator design and defrost strategies to improve energy efficiency in household refrigerating appliances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frosting and Icing)
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36 pages, 16047 KB  
Article
Insights into Sea Spray Ice Adhesion from Laboratory Testing
by Paul Rübsamen-v. Döhren, Sönke Maus, Zhiliang Zhang and Jianying He
Thermo 2025, 5(3), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/thermo5030027 - 30 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Ice accretion from marine icing events accumulating on structures poses a significant hazard to ship and offshore operations in cold regions, being relevant for offshore activities like oil explorations, offshore wind, and shipping in arctic regions. The adhesion strength of such ice is [...] Read more.
Ice accretion from marine icing events accumulating on structures poses a significant hazard to ship and offshore operations in cold regions, being relevant for offshore activities like oil explorations, offshore wind, and shipping in arctic regions. The adhesion strength of such ice is a critical factor in predicting the build-up of ice loads on structures. While the adhesion strength of freshwater ice has been extensively studied, knowledge about sea spray ice adhesion remains limited. This study intends to bridge this gap by investigating the adhesion strength of sea spray icing under controlled laboratory conditions. In this study, we built a new in situ ice adhesion test setup and grew ice at −7 °C to −15 °C on quadratic aluminium samples of 3 cm to 12 cm edge length. The results reveal that sea spray ice adhesion strength is in a significantly lower range—5 kPa to 100 kPa—compared to fresh water ice adhesion and shows a low dependency on the temperature during the spray event, but a notable size effect and influence of the brine layer thickness on the adhesion strength. These findings provide critical insights into sea spray icing, enhancing the ability to predict and manage ice loads in marine environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frosting and Icing)
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