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Symmetry
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Symmetry Applications in Nanofluids and Nanomaterials
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Symmetry Applications in Nanofluids and Nanomaterials

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 7252

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Taher Armaghani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Interests: thermal engineering; experimental and numerical fluid flow and heat transfer; entropy generation minimization; nanoscience and nanotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of the most fundamental concepts in engineering and science is symmetry. This notion plays a crucial role in improving comprehension of intricate problems and also paves the way for meticulous perception.

Furthermore, nanoscience and nanotechnology have increasingly contributed to the promotion of the advent of engineering science in recent years. In the current Special Issue, the applications of symmetry will be chiefly investigated in relation to nanomaterials and nanofluids.

I am soliciting contributions (research and review articles) covering a broad range of topics on symmetry and nanotechnology, including (though not limited to) the following:

  • Symmetry and nanofluid heat transfer;
  • Symmetry and MHD or porous media;
  • Symmetry and non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat transfer;
  • Symmetry and nanomaterials;
  • Symmetry and energy storage using PCM or NEPCM.

Submit your paper and select the Journal “Symmetry” and the Special Issue “Symmetry Applications in Nanofluids and Nanomaterials” via: the MDPI submission system. Our papers will be published on a rolling basis and we will be pleased to receive your submission once you have finished it.

Dr. Taher Armaghani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • symmetry
  • nanofluid heat transfer
  • MHD
  • porous media
  • non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat transfer
  • nanomaterials
  • energy storage using PCM
  • NEPCM

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1644 KiB  
Article
Effects of Temperature-Dependent Conductivity and Magnetic Field on the Radiated Carreau Nanofluid Flow and Entropy Generation
by Sami Ullah Khan, Imen Safra, Kaouther Ghachem, Hind Albalawi, Taher Labidi and Lioua Kolsi
Symmetry 2023, 15(10), 1847; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15101847 - 30 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1204
Abstract
This investigation is related to this study of entropy generation during Carreau nanofluid flow under variable thermal conductivity conditions. The heat and mass transfer phenomena are observed in the presence of thermal radiation and activation energy. The flow is induced by a porous [...] Read more.
This investigation is related to this study of entropy generation during Carreau nanofluid flow under variable thermal conductivity conditions. The heat and mass transfer phenomena are observed in the presence of thermal radiation and activation energy. The flow is induced by a porous stretching surface. Appropriate variables are used in order to simplify the problem into dimensionless form. The numerical simulations are performed by using the shooting technique. The physical aspects of the problem in view of different flow parameters are reported. It is observed that consideration of variable fluid thermal conductivity enhances heat transfer. An enhancement in heat and mass transfer phenomena is observed with increasing the Weissenberg number. Moreover, entropy generation increases with Weissenberg and Brinkman numbers. Current results present applications in thermal processes, heat exchangers, energy systems, combustion and engine design, chemical processes, refrigeration systems, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Applications in Nanofluids and Nanomaterials)
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19 pages, 3599 KiB  
Article
Al2O3-Cu\Ethylene Glycol-Based Magnetohydrodynamic Non-Newtonian Maxwell Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Suction Effects in a Porous Space: Energy Saving by Solar Radiation
by Mdi Begum Jeelani and Amir Abbas
Symmetry 2023, 15(9), 1794; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15091794 - 20 Sep 2023
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 1833
Abstract
Nanotechnology is well-known for its versatile and general thermal transport disciplines, which are used in semiconductors, spacecraft, bioengineering, functional electronics, and biosensors. As a result, process optimization has attracted the interest of scientists and technologists. The main aim of the current analysis is [...] Read more.
Nanotechnology is well-known for its versatile and general thermal transport disciplines, which are used in semiconductors, spacecraft, bioengineering, functional electronics, and biosensors. As a result, process optimization has attracted the interest of scientists and technologists. The main aim of the current analysis is to explore the enhancement of energy/heat transfer via the dispersion of cylindrical-shaped nanoparticles of alumina and copper in ethylene glycol as a base fluid using a non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid model. In the current study, the effects of solar radiation, plate suction, and magnetohydrodynamics on a Maxwell hybrid nanofluid are encountered. The flow is induced by linearly stretching a sheet angled at ξ=π/6, embedded in a porous space. The proposed problem is converted into a mathematical structure in terms of partial differential equations and then reduced to ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity variables. In the similarity solution, all the curves for the velocity field and temperature distribution remain similar, which means that the symmetry between the graphs for the velocity and temperature remains the same. Therefore, there is a strong correlation between similarity variables and symmetry. The obtained model, in terms of ordinary differential equations, is solved using the built-in numerical solver bvp4c. It is concluded that more nanoparticles in a fluid can make it heat up faster, as they are typically better at conducting heat than the fluid itself. This means that heat is transferred more quickly, raising the temperature of the fluid. However, more nanoparticles can also slow the flow speed of the fluid to control the boundary layer thickness. The temperature field is enhanced by increasing the solar radiation parameter, the magnetic field parameter, and the porous medium parameter at an angle of ξ=π/6, which serves the purpose of including radiation and the Lorentz force. The velocity field is decreased by increasing the values of the buoyancy parameter and the suction parameter effects at an angle of ξ=π/6. The current study can be used in the improvement of the thermal efficiency of nanotechnological devices and in renewable energy sources to save energy in the energy sector. The present results are compared with the published ones, and it is concluded that there is excellent agreement between them, which endorses the validity and accuracy of the current study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Applications in Nanofluids and Nanomaterials)
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18 pages, 1318 KiB  
Article
Thermal Enhancement in the Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid (SiO2+Cu+MoS2/H2O) Symmetric Flow Past a Nonlinear Stretching Surface: A Hybrid Cuckoo Search-Based Artificial Neural Network Approach
by Asad Ullah, Waseem, Muhammad Imran Khan, Fuad A. Awwad and Emad A. A. Ismail
Symmetry 2023, 15(8), 1529; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15081529 - 2 Aug 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1418
Abstract
In this article, we considered a 3D symmetric flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid flow (THNF) past a nonlinear stretching surface. The effect of the thermal radiation is considered. The THNF nanofluid SiO2+Cu+MoS2/H2O is considered in this [...] Read more.
In this article, we considered a 3D symmetric flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid flow (THNF) past a nonlinear stretching surface. The effect of the thermal radiation is considered. The THNF nanofluid SiO2+Cu+MoS2/H2O is considered in this work, where the shapes of the particles are assumed as blade, flatlet, and cylindrical. The problem is formulated into a mathematical model. The modeled equations are then reduced into a simpler form with the help of suitable transformations. The modeled problem is then tackled with a new machine learning approach known as a hybrid cuckoo search-based artificial neural network (HCS-ANN). The results are presented in the form of figures and tables for various parameters. The impact of the volume fraction coefficients ϕ1, ϕ2, and ϕ3, and the radiation parameter is displayed through graphs and tables. The higher numbers of the radiation parameter (Rd) and the cylinder-shaped nanoparticles, ϕ3, enhance the thermal profile. In each case, the residual error, error histogram, and fitness function for the optimization problem are presented. The results of the HCS-ANN are validated through mean square error and statistical graphs in the last section, where the accuracy of our implemented technique is proved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Applications in Nanofluids and Nanomaterials)
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18 pages, 5130 KiB  
Article
Efficient Cooling System for Lithium-Ion Battery Cells by Using Different Concentrations of Nanoparticles of SiO2-Water: A Numerical Investigation
by Husam Abdulrasool Hasan, Hussein Togun, Azher M. Abed, Naef A. A. Qasem, Hayder I. Mohammed, Aissa Abderrahmane, Kamel Guedri and El Sayed M. Tag-ElDin
Symmetry 2023, 15(3), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030640 - 3 Mar 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5134
Abstract
The performance, safety, and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are all known to be greatly influenced by temperature. In this work, an innovative cooling system is employed with a Reynolds number range of 15,000 to 30,000 to minimize the temperature of LiB [...] Read more.
The performance, safety, and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are all known to be greatly influenced by temperature. In this work, an innovative cooling system is employed with a Reynolds number range of 15,000 to 30,000 to minimize the temperature of LiB cells. The continuity, momentum, and energy equations are solved using the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS Fluent is applied to calculate the flow and temperature fields and to analyze the thermal management system for 52 LiB cells. The arrangement of batteries leads to symmetrical flow and temperature distribution occurring in the upper and lower halves of the battery pack. The impacts of SiO2 distributed in a base fluid (water) are investigated. The results show that SiO2 nanofluid with the highest volume fractions of 5% has the lowest average temperature values at all investigated Reynolds numbers. The innovative cooling system highlights the enhancement of the cooling process by increasing the SiO2 concentrations, leading to the recommendation of the concentration of 5 vol% due to better thermal diffusion resulting from the enhanced effective thermal conductivity. The flow turbulence is increased by increasing the Reynolds number, which significantly enhances the heat transfer process. It is shown that increasing the Re from 15,000 to 22,500 and 30,000 causes increases in the Nu value of roughly 32% and 65%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Applications in Nanofluids and Nanomaterials)
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Review

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16 pages, 2106 KiB  
Review
CNTs-Supercapacitors: A Review of Electrode Nanocomposites Based on CNTs, Graphene, Metals, and Polymers
by Ghobad Behzadi Pour, Hassan Ashourifar, Leila Fekri Aval and Shahram Solaymani
Symmetry 2023, 15(6), 1179; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15061179 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5089
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to mechanical, electrical, and surface area properties and their ability to adapt to different nanocomposite structures, are very substantial in supercapacitor electrodes. In this review, we have summarized high-performance, flexible, and symmetry CNT supercapacitors based on the CNTs/graphene, CNTs/metal, [...] Read more.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to mechanical, electrical, and surface area properties and their ability to adapt to different nanocomposite structures, are very substantial in supercapacitor electrodes. In this review, we have summarized high-performance, flexible, and symmetry CNT supercapacitors based on the CNTs/graphene, CNTs/metal, and CNTs/polymer electrodes. To present recent developments in CNT supercapacitors, we discuss the performance of supercapacitors based on electrical properties such as specific capacitance (SC), power and energy densities, and capacitance retention (CR). The comparison of supercapacitor nanocomposite electrodes and their results are reported for future researchers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Applications in Nanofluids and Nanomaterials)
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19 pages, 11990 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Heat Transfer
by Hossam A. Nabwey, Farhad Rahbar, Taher Armaghani, Ahmed. M. Rashad and Ali J. Chamkha
Symmetry 2023, 15(2), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020362 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5220
Abstract
Nanofluids behave like non-Newtonian fluids in many cases and, therefore, studying their symmetrical behavior is of paramount importance in nanofluid heat transfer modeling. This article attempts to provide are flection on symmetry via thorough description of a variety of non-Newtonian models and further [...] Read more.
Nanofluids behave like non-Newtonian fluids in many cases and, therefore, studying their symmetrical behavior is of paramount importance in nanofluid heat transfer modeling. This article attempts to provide are flection on symmetry via thorough description of a variety of non-Newtonian models and further provides a comprehensive review of articles on non-Newtonian models that have applied symmetrical flow modeling and nanofluid heat transfer. This study reviews articles from recent years and provides a comprehensive analysis of them. Furthermore, a thorough statistical symmetrical analysis regarding the commonality of nanoparticles, base fluids and numerical solutions to equations is provided. This article also investigates the history of nanofluid use as a non-Newtonian fluid; that is, the base fluid is considered to be non-Newtonian fluid or the base fluid is Newtonian, such as water. However, the nanofluid in question is regarded as non-Newtonian in modeling. Results show that 25% of articles considered nanofluids with Newtonian base fluid as a non-Newtonian model. In this article, the following questions are answered for the first time: Which non-Newtonian model has been used to model nanofluids? What are the most common non-Newtonian base fluids? Which numerical method is most used to solve non-Newtonian equations? Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Applications in Nanofluids and Nanomaterials)
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