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Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Future
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Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Future

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 August 2023) | Viewed by 7203

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Laisuo Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Interests: batteries; electrolytes; surface engineering; synchrotron characterizations; machine learning
Prof. Dr. Jun Huang

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Interests: theory and conceptual models of electrochemistry
Prof. Dr. Shikhar Jha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
2. Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
Interests: advance manufacturing; design; machine learning
Prof. Dr. Yubai Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: PEM fuel cells; lithium-ion batteries; cooling; heat transfer
Dr. Biyu Jin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Interests: batteries; binders; solid electrolytes; separators

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global warming is causing challenges to the sustainability of our environment and society, including high temperatures, severe storms, increased drought, rising ocean, and loss of species. Global warming is directly related to the increased emission of greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon dioxide is the major component of the greenhouse gases (76%, IPCC 2014 data).

To address the climate crisis and build a net-zero carbon emission society, the world has witnessed incredible growth in demand for developing renewable energy storage and conversion technologies. Lithium batteries and fuel cells are the two promising technologies that have been drawing increasing attention, and their successful application has stimulated the fast development of portable devices and electric transportation.

The global lithium-ion batteries market is valued at $36.9 billion in 2020 and will increase to $193.12 billion by 2028. At the same time, the global fuel cells market size is projected to reach $848 million by 2025 from an estimated value of $263 million in 2020. Therefore, developing lithium batteries and fuel cells with low-cost, high-energy density, long lifespan, and reliable safety are urgently needed to build a sustainable society.  

This special issue is intended to bring the latest updates in the field of lithium batteries and fuel cells. Original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

  1. Stabilizing anodes in lithium-ion batteries and lithium-metal batteries
  2. Electrolyte design for advanced batteries
  3. Separators modification for lithium batteries
  4. Developing novel binders for batteries
  5. Advanced cathode materials with high energy densities
  6. Electrode-electrolyte interphase
  7. Catalyst development for fuel cells
  8. Advanced membranes for fuel cells
  9. Aging problems for fuel cells
  10. Heat and mass transport in fuel cells or batteries
  11. Computational design and optimization of fuel cells and fuel cell systems
  12. Advanced characterization techniques
  13. Theoretical simulation and modeling

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Laisuo Su
Prof. Dr. Jun Huang
Prof. Dr. Shikhar Jha
Prof. Dr. Yubai Li
Dr. Biyu Jin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lithium-ion battery
  • lithium-metal battery
  • fuel cell
  • interphase
  • catalyst
  • electrode
  • electrolyte
  • heat transfer
  • modeling

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3236 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Field Coupled PEMFC Model with Force-Temperature-Humidity and Experimental Validation for High Electrochemical Performance Design
by Zhiming Zhang, Zhihao Chen, Kunpeng Li, Xinfeng Zhang, Caizhi Zhang and Tong Zhang
Sustainability 2023, 15(16), 12436; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612436 - 16 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 747
Abstract
PEMFCs (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) are commonly used in fuel cell vehicles, which facilitates energy conversation and environmental protection. The fuel cell electrochemical performance is significantly affected by the contact resistance and the GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) porosity due to ohmic and [...] Read more.
PEMFCs (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) are commonly used in fuel cell vehicles, which facilitates energy conversation and environmental protection. The fuel cell electrochemical performance is significantly affected by the contact resistance and the GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) porosity due to ohmic and concentration losses. However, it is difficult to obtain the exact performance prediction of the electrochemical reaction for a fuel cell design, resulting from the complex operating conditions of fuel cells coupled with the assembly force, operating temperature, relative humidity, etc. Considering the compression behavior of porosity and the contact pressure in GDLs, a force-temperature-humidity multi-field coupled model is established based on FEA (Finite Element Analysis) and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) for the fuel cell electrochemical performance. Aside from that, the characteristics between the contact resistance and the contact pressure are measured and fitted through the experiments in this study. Finally, the numerical model is validated by the experiment of the fuel cell stack, and the error rate between the presented model and the experimentation of the full-dimensional stack being a maximum of 3.37%. This work provides important insight into the force-temperature-humidity coupled action as less empirical testing is required to identify the high fuel cell performance and optimize the fuel cell parameters in a full-dimensional fuel cell stack. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Future)
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18 pages, 5409 KiB  
Article
Research on Design and Optimization of Large Metal Bipolar Plate Sealing for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
by Jinghui Zhao, Huijin Guo, Shaobo Ping, Zimeng Guo, Weikang Lin, Yanbo Yang, Wen Shi, Zixi Wang and Tiancai Ma
Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 12002; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151512002 - 4 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
The sealing system, as the most important load-bearing component, is a critical part of the stack assembly in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Currently, flat or single-peak sealing gaskets are commonly used for large metal bipolar plate sealing, which can easily [...] Read more.
The sealing system, as the most important load-bearing component, is a critical part of the stack assembly in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Currently, flat or single-peak sealing gaskets are commonly used for large metal bipolar plate sealing, which can easily cause problems such as significant internal stress and distortion displacement. In order to solve this problem, an innovative double-peak sealing gasket structure is proposed. Based on the Mooney–Rivlin constitutive model, the impact of the sealing material hardness, friction coefficient, and compression ratio on the sealing performance are investigated. Meanwhile, the double-peak seal is fabricated and assembled into a single fuel cell for testing. The results show that the sealing performance of a double-peak sealing gasket with extended wings has been optimized, and the maximum contact pressure on the upper and lower contact surfaces is 1.2 MPa and 0.67 MPa, respectively, which is greater than the given air pressure of 0.1 MPa. And the sealing effect is optimal with a 45 Shore A hardness rubber, a friction coefficient of 0.05, and an initial compression ratio of 35%. The simulation and experimental sealing performance of the sealing gasket under different compression ratios remain similar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Future)
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18 pages, 5896 KiB  
Article
Studying Abuse Testing on Lithium-Ion Battery Packaging for Energy Storage Systems
by Joelton Deonei Gotz, João Eustáquio Machado Neto, José Rodolfo Galvão, Taysa Millena Banik Marques, Hugo Valadares Siqueira, Emilson Ribeiro Viana, Manoel H. N. Marinho, Mohamed A. Mohamed, Adrian Ilinca, Fernanda Cristina Corrêa and Milton Borsato
Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11545; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511545 - 26 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1078
Abstract
Recently, the increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly demanded new energy storage systems (ESS) technologies. In this way, Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the mainstream technology for this application. Lithium presents several advantages compared with other chemicals because it can provide delivery [...] Read more.
Recently, the increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly demanded new energy storage systems (ESS) technologies. In this way, Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the mainstream technology for this application. Lithium presents several advantages compared with other chemicals because it can provide delivery energy for a long time, a long lifetime, and high density and capacity. The LIB comprises several cells connected in different configurations, such as parallel, series, or combinations. This variety of designs makes the monitoring control process more complex, complicating diagnosing and prognosis of abuses and failures. To observe these difficulties, this paper presents sixteen experiments of a mini-packing of four cells under the main abuses found in the LIB. The time series data were collected during the abuses and saved in a CSV file. The results indicated that the current, temperature, and voltage should be used to identify the external short-circuit (ESC) failures in the packing of batteries. On the other side, only the voltage signature is able to determine the Over-Charging (OC), and finally, the combination of temperature and voltage should be used to identify and locate the Over-Discharging (OD) failures in different arrangements of packing. This study also provides ways to build mechanisms to protect the cells and avoid loss of performance and safety issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Future)
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22 pages, 4776 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Simulation on the Effects of Different Parameters and Pt Loading on the Long-Term Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
by Zheng Huang, Laisuo Su, Yunjie Yang, Linsong Gao, Xinyu Liu, Heng Huang, Yubai Li and Yongchen Song
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 2902; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042902 - 6 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1228
Abstract
The choice of platinum loading and the choice of the operating parameters of the cell are crucial in order to enhance a PEMFC’s endurance and, at the same time, to raise its performance. In this paper, a single-channel PEMFC counter-current model is developed [...] Read more.
The choice of platinum loading and the choice of the operating parameters of the cell are crucial in order to enhance a PEMFC’s endurance and, at the same time, to raise its performance. In this paper, a single-channel PEMFC counter-current model is developed to investigate the effects of a 0.3 mg/cm² Pt loading model and a 0.1 mg/cm² Pt loading model on the performance and durability of PEMFCs with different operating pressures, different cathode stoichiometry, and different channel and plate widths. It was found that increasing the PEMFC operating pressure and cathode stoichiometry would increase the cell performance and have some improvement for durability. Additionally, increasing the channel/plate width ratio would improve the cell performance while decreasing the cell durability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Future)
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23 pages, 12754 KiB  
Article
One-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Pt-Co Alloy Catalyst Aging for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
by Yunjie Yang, Minli Bai, Laisuo Su, Jizu Lv, Chengzhi Hu, Linsong Gao, Yang Li, Yubai Li and Yongchen Song
Sustainability 2022, 14(18), 11462; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811462 - 13 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1479
Abstract
The service life of catalysts is a key aspect limiting the commercial development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a one-dimensional degradation model of a Pt-Co alloy catalyst in the cathode catalytic layer (CCL) of a PEMFC is proposed, [...] Read more.
The service life of catalysts is a key aspect limiting the commercial development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a one-dimensional degradation model of a Pt-Co alloy catalyst in the cathode catalytic layer (CCL) of a PEMFC is proposed, which can track the catalyst size evolution in real time and demonstrate the catalyst degradation during operation. The results show that severe dissolution of particles near the CCL/membrane leads to uneven aging of the Pt-Co alloy catalyst along the CCL thickness direction. When the upper potential limit (UPL) is less than 0.95 V, it does not affect the catalyst significantly; however, a slight change may cause great harm to the catalyst performance and service life after UPL > 0.95 V. In addition, it is found that operating temperature increases the Pt mass loss on the carbon support near the CCL/membrane side, while it has little effect on the remaining Pt mass on the carbon support near the CCL/GDL side. These uncovered degradation mechanisms of Pt-Co alloy provide guidance for its application in PEMFCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells for a Sustainable Future)
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