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Open AccessEditorial

A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals

by Idiano D’Adamo, Massimo Gastaldi and Vincenzo Stornelli

Sustainability 2026, 18(9), 4281; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18094281 - 25 Apr 2026

Viewed by 784

Abstract

In the current landscape, the sustainable development goals (SDGs) represent one of the main frameworks for addressing major global challenges, from the climate crisis to the reduction of inequalities [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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Research

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20 pages, 1355 KB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Insights on Digital Financial Literacy Gaps Among Rwandan Youth and Considerations for AI-Powered Interventions

by Pierre Ntakirutimana, Yves Mfitumukiza Ndayisaba, Ganesh Mani, Chimwemwe Chipeta, Patrick Mcsharry, Karen Sowon and Edith Talina Luhanga

Sustainability 2026, 18(9), 4155; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18094155 - 22 Apr 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 523

Abstract

Africa has the world’s youngest population, and many young adults rely on informal or temporary employment, making digital financial literacy (DFL) critical for long-term financial resilience and sustainable economic development. In this paper, we present findings from a two-phase mixed-methods study. In Phase [...] Read more.

Africa has the world’s youngest population, and many young adults rely on informal or temporary employment, making digital financial literacy (DFL) critical for long-term financial resilience and sustainable economic development. In this paper, we present findings from a two-phase mixed-methods study. In Phase 1, we surveyed 300 Rwandans aged 18–32 on financial knowledge, digital skills, and financial behaviors to explore key gaps in DFL. Results show modest financial knowledge and moderate digital literacy, with common budgeting and saving practices but key cybersecurity awareness-practice gaps. Gender and education disparities are also evident. To address the low loan literacy observed in Phase 1 findings, we conceived an AI-enabled mobile money loan literacy chatbot and explored user interactions with the chatbot, along with perceived usability and usefulness in Phase 2. Our findings highlight design considerations for promoting intention to adopt DFL interventions. The study aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 (No Poverty), 5 (Gender Equality), 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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23 pages, 4437 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Green to Gray: A Three-Decade Geospatial Assessment of Urban Growth and Vegetation Loss in Lahore (1993–2023)

by Breeha Adnan, Faiza Sharif, Abdul-Sattar Nizami, Muhammad Shahzad, Asim Daud Rana and Ayesha Mariam

Sustainability 2026, 18(6), 2714; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18062714 - 11 Mar 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 872

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze changes in vegetation, built-up areas, and population growth in Lahore city from 1990 to 2023. The data was acquired from Google Earth Engine, and the spectral bands were retrieved from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. The decadal analysis [...] Read more.

This study aimed to analyze changes in vegetation, built-up areas, and population growth in Lahore city from 1990 to 2023. The data was acquired from Google Earth Engine, and the spectral bands were retrieved from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. The decadal analysis of the landscape was conducted from 1993 to 2001, 2001 to 2012, and from 2013 to 2023. Further analysis was conducted in ArcGIS version 10.3 to evaluate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index to assess vegetation and built-up areas, respectively. To analyze the urban population of Lahore, data were obtained from the Global Human Settlement Layer for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Results revealed that the total vegetated area of Lahore city decreased from 1453.0 km² in 1993–2001 to 788.2 km² in 2013–2023. Moreover, the urban built-up area expanded from 319.6 km² in 1993–2001 to 966.8 km² in 2013–2023. Sub-district-level analysis indicated that Model Town and Raiwind areas of Lahore depicted better vegetation recovery in this decade. The population of Lahore has been increasing steadily, with the 2010s being a particularly rapid period of growth. The projections for 2030 also depict a continuous growth pattern. This study was further developed by integrating multi-decadal averaging coupled with selected-year analysis to distinguish gradual land transformation from relatively accelerated phases of urban expansion of Lahore. Also, by combining NDVI and NDBI values on both Lahore and its tehsil level, the research provides a collective sub-district- and district-level perspective into the spatial heterogeneity of peri-urban transformations. The findings of the study explain how major infrastructural projects shape the urban growth patterns of cities like Lahore and cause a decline in the green areas of fast-growing cities in South Asia. This study further highlights the consequences of unplanned urban expansion in regions where high population growth has compromised green infrastructure and threatened ecological balance. In addition, it supports several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land) by providing spatial evidence of urban expansion of the city and losses of its green spaces. The findings offer empirical insights to support climate-resilient developments. The study also demonstrates the necessity of integrating green infrastructure and providing robust strategies for forthcoming urban planning projects and policy development regarding urban expansion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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22 pages, 7057 KB

Open AccessArticle

Educational Simulator for Sustainable Energy Management for a Typical Household

by Flaviu Mihai Frigura-Iliasa, Grigorie Dennis Sergiu, Krzysztof Sornek, Maksymilian Homa and Mihaela Frigura-Iliasa

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2506; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052506 - 4 Mar 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1305

Abstract

This paper presents the development of Electrohouse, a 3D educational simulator used for illustrating the electricity consumption of a household in the presence of a photovoltaic (PV) system designed to teach users how to efficiently manage electrical equipment from an energy perspective. [...] Read more.

This paper presents the development of Electrohouse, a 3D educational simulator used for illustrating the electricity consumption of a household in the presence of a photovoltaic (PV) system designed to teach users how to efficiently manage electrical equipment from an energy perspective. The paper addresses elements of energy system modeling, human–computer interaction and educational visualization. The application connects electricity consumption graphs with practical appliance controls, providing a comprehensive view of kilowatt-hour usage with an intuitive interface. The software offers two consumption scenarios, with one for 28 days and one for 30 days. Furthermore, the household displays the integration of a photovoltaic solar panel for direct energy production, with the system simulating an actual meter by deducting the generated current from the accumulated consumption. Relevant for sustainability, especially in the fields of energy education, the project incorporates the creation of a prototype of a night-time home surveillance robot designed for intruder detection and control. This study contributes to the global framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations. The simulator supports SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by promoting awareness of photovoltaic integration with household energy optimization and SDG 4 (Quality Education) by providing an interactive digital learning environment that improves energy literacy with sustainability-oriented skills. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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24 pages, 4346 KB

Open AccessArticle

Decomposing CO₂ Emissions with the Kaya Identity: Global Trends, National Dynamics, and Policy Implications

by Sonia Dell’Aversano, Carlo Villante and Michele Anatone

Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1627; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031627 - 5 Feb 2026

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1289

Abstract

Understanding the structural drivers of global CO₂ emissions is essential for designing effective climate-mitigation strategies and for supporting progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13—Climate Action). This study applies the Kaya Identity-based decomposition approach to quantify how population, gross domestic product [...] Read more.

Understanding the structural drivers of global CO₂ emissions is essential for designing effective climate-mitigation strategies and for supporting progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13—Climate Action). This study applies the Kaya Identity-based decomposition approach to quantify how population, gross domestic product per capita, energy intensity, and emission intensity jointly shape long-term emission dynamics. Using harmonized historical datasets for the period 1990–2020, the analysis compares global trends with country-level trajectories in major emitting regions, including China, India, the United States, the European Union, and Russia. Results indicate that although energy and emission intensity have improved in several regions, these gains remain insufficient to offset the combined effects of population growth and rising economic output, leading to continued increases in global emissions. Significant asymmetries emerge across countries in terms of development stages, historical responsibility, and capacity for decarbonization, raising important considerations for climate equity. Overall, the Kaya decomposition provides a transparent diagnostic framework for identifying policy-sensitive levers, particularly energy intensity and carbon intensity, and for highlighting where mitigation efforts are most urgently needed to advance progress toward SDG 13. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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21 pages, 7426 KB

Open AccessArticle

Driving Mechanisms of High-Quality Urban Development: Evidence from Lianyungang City, China

by Yunlong Su, Jiao Wang, Jianhui Li and Jingyang Liu

Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031220 - 26 Jan 2026

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 472

Abstract

The global consensus on sustainable development hinges on the coordinated advancement of economic, social, and environmental dimensions, with high-quality development serving as China’s pivotal pathway for practical implementation. As the primary implementers, cities are confronted with the dual challenge of defining the level [...] Read more.

The global consensus on sustainable development hinges on the coordinated advancement of economic, social, and environmental dimensions, with high-quality development serving as China’s pivotal pathway for practical implementation. As the primary implementers, cities are confronted with the dual challenge of defining the level of high-quality development and mapping out clear actionable pathways. Therefore, unraveling the driving mechanisms of high-quality urban development is significant. This study constructed a high-quality development evaluation index system, employing a sustainable development index to measure Lianyungang City’s development level from 2008 to 2023. The interrelationships among driving factors were revealed through the coupling coordination degree model, entropy weight method, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The study indicated that innovation stood out as the primary contributor, with contribution rising from 0.09 (2008–2017) to 0.10 (2017–2023). High-tech enterprises and valid invention patents were core drivers of the innovation index’s rise, with weights of 30.35% and 28.92%. Innovation investment promoted the transformation of cities toward technology-intensive development models while effectively supporting Sustainable Development Goals such as industrial upgrading, environmental improvement, and livelihood enhancement. Overall, advancing high-quality urban development required focusing on innovation-driven strategies while catalyzing other areas of development to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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18 pages, 600 KB

Open AccessArticle

Perception of Environmental Sustainability and Its Health Implications: Evidence from Faculty Members in Saudi Universities

by Mubarak S. Aldosari

Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031194 - 24 Jan 2026

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 526

Abstract

Environmental sustainability has become a global priority due to its profound implications for human health. Universities play a pivotal role in advancing sustainability through education, research, and institutional practices. This study investigates faculty awareness, perceptions, and sustainability practices, as well as factors influencing [...] Read more.

Environmental sustainability has become a global priority due to its profound implications for human health. Universities play a pivotal role in advancing sustainability through education, research, and institutional practices. This study investigates faculty awareness, perceptions, and sustainability practices, as well as factors influencing these outcomes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 118 faculty members across various disciplines and academic ranks in Saudi universities. A structured self-administered questionnaire assessed three constructs: awareness of environmental sustainability, perceptions of health implications, and sustainability practices. Descriptive statistics were computed for overall scale means and item-level responses. Independent-sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to examine group differences across gender, academic rank, discipline, teaching experience, and formal sustainability training. Chi-square tests assessed associations between demographic variables and training participation. The result shows that the faculty demonstrated high awareness (M = 4.09) and strong perceptions of the environmental–health nexus (M = 4.16). Awareness items ranged from 3.96 to 4.22, while health perception items ranged from 3.87 to 4.34. Sustainability practices were moderately high (M = 3.97), with the highest engagement in pollution reduction and the lowest in energy-saving behaviours. Training emerged as the strongest predictor of sustainability outcomes, with trained faculty scoring significantly higher across all constructs (p < 0.001). Therefore, Saudi university faculty possess strong awareness and positive perceptions of environmental sustainability and its health implications, relating to SDG. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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31 pages, 4085 KB

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E-Government Digitalization as a Strategic Enabler of Sustainable Development Goals: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

by Maysoon Abulkhair

Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031168 - 23 Jan 2026

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1068

Abstract

This study introduces the Sustainable Development Goals Achievement Measurement Framework (SDG-AMF), a novel analytical tool used to systematically evaluate the relationships between digitalization and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unlike the United Nations (UN) E-Government Development Index (EGDI) and Organization for Economic Co-operation [...] Read more.

This study introduces the Sustainable Development Goals Achievement Measurement Framework (SDG-AMF), a novel analytical tool used to systematically evaluate the relationships between digitalization and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unlike the United Nations (UN) E-Government Development Index (EGDI) and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Digital Government Indicators (DGIs) frameworks, the proposed SDG-AMF links digitalization indicators to specific SDG outcomes using proxy-based time-series analysis. The SDG-AMF provides a unified, statistically grounded approach that connects digital development with measurable sustainability outcomes. Using direct, high-quality time-series data (2010–2024) from internationally recognized sources, the framework maps key digitalization indicators such as Internet penetration, e-government maturity, research and development (RD) expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and gender participation in information and communication technology (ICT) to the selected SDG targets (SDGs 4, 5, 8, 9, and 16). Through correlation and regression analyses, the study identifies enabling and inhibiting relationships, highlighting Saudi Arabia’s strengths in digital infrastructure and e-government maturity while emphasizing areas for improvement, such as civic participation and RD intensity. Comparative benchmarking with digitally advanced economies underscores Saudi Arabia’s strengths in Internet penetration and e-government maturity, while gaps in RD investment are identified. The SDG-AMF provides policymakers with a replicable roadmap and scalable model to align foundational connectivity and governance reforms with advanced digital transformation, facilitating progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals worldwide. This research contributes original methodological insights and equips stakeholders with practical tools to monitor, compare, and accelerate SDG progress in the digital era. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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17 pages, 558 KB

Open AccessArticle

Governance Matters: Evidence from Global Analysis on Environmental Sustainable Development Goals

by Karol Durczak, Dariusz Sala, Oksana Liashenko, Michał Pyzalski, Kostiantyn Pavlov, Olena Pavlova, Roman Romaniuk and Agnieszka Sujak

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18021140 - 22 Jan 2026

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1000

Abstract

This study explores how governance acts as a critical mediator between key environmental Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and SDG 15 (Life on Land)—and overall sustainability performance. Leveraging global datasets from the UN SDG framework and [...] Read more.

This study explores how governance acts as a critical mediator between key environmental Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and SDG 15 (Life on Land)—and overall sustainability performance. Leveraging global datasets from the UN SDG framework and World Bank Governance Indicators, we construct a composite governance index using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to capture institutional quality. Through mediation and path analysis, we reveal striking patterns: governance amplifies the positive impact of SDG 15 on the overall SDG Index, underscoring its role in biodiversity and land management. Conversely, governance introduces an adverse indirect effect for SDG 13, highlighting institutional and regulatory gaps that weaken climate policy outcomes. No significant mediation is observed for SDG 14, indicating strong contextual dependencies in marine governance. These findings confirm governance as a pivotal driver—either reinforcing or constraining environmental progress. Strengthening governance frameworks through transparency, accountability, and regulatory quality can accelerate progress toward the SDGs and advance the 2030 Agenda. This study provides empirical evidence on governance as a mediator and deepens understanding of institutional mechanisms shaping sustainability trajectories. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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24 pages, 4482 KB

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Regional Patterns of Digital Skills Mismatch in Indonesia’s Digital Economy: Insights from the Indonesia Digital Society Index

by I Gede Nyoman Mindra Jaya, Nusirwan, Dita Kusumasari, Argasi Susenna, Lidya Agustina, Yan Andriariza Ambhita Sukma, Hendro Prasetyono, Sinta Septi Pangastuti, Farah Kristiani and Nurul Hermina

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 1077; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18021077 - 21 Jan 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1134

Abstract

This study investigates regional heterogeneity and spatial interdependence in digital skills mismatch across Indonesia by constructing a Digital Skills Supply–Demand Ratio (DSSDR) from the Indonesia Digital Society Index (IMDI). In line with SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) and SDG 4 (Quality Education), the study [...] Read more.

This study investigates regional heterogeneity and spatial interdependence in digital skills mismatch across Indonesia by constructing a Digital Skills Supply–Demand Ratio (DSSDR) from the Indonesia Digital Society Index (IMDI). In line with SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) and SDG 4 (Quality Education), the study aims to provide policy-relevant evidence to support a more inclusive and balanced digital transformation. Using district-level data and spatial econometric models (OLS, SAR, and the SDM), the analysis evaluates both local determinants and cross-regional spillover effects. Model comparison identifies the Spatial Durbin Model as the best specification, revealing strong spatial dependence in digital skills imbalance. The results show that most local socioeconomic and digital readiness indicators do not have significant direct effects on DSSDR, while school internet coverage exhibits a consistently negative association, indicating that digital demand expands faster than local supply. In contrast, spatial spillovers are decisive: a higher share of ICT study programs in neighboring regions improves local DSSDR through knowledge and human-capital diffusion, whereas higher GRDP per capita in adjacent regions exacerbates local mismatch, consistent with a talent-attraction mechanism. These findings demonstrate that digital skills mismatch is a spatially interconnected phenomenon driven more by interregional dynamics than by local conditions alone, implying that policy responses should move beyond isolated district-level interventions toward coordinated regional strategies integrating education systems, labor markets, and digital ecosystem development. The study contributes a spatially explicit, supply–demand-based framework for diagnosing regional digital inequality and supporting more equitable and sustainable digital development in Indonesia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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27 pages, 3663 KB

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Investigating Sustainable Development Trajectories in China (2006–2021): A Coupling Coordination Analysis of the Social, Economic, and Ecological Nexus

by Sirui Wang, Shisong Cao, Mingyi Du, Yue Liu and Yuxin Qian

Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020899 - 15 Jan 2026

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 505

Abstract

The successful attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) necessitates robust monitoring frameworks capable of tracking progress toward tangible outcomes while capturing dynamic sustainability trajectories. However, existing SDG evaluation methods suffer from three critical limitations: (1) misalignment between global targets and national priorities, [...] Read more.

The successful attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) necessitates robust monitoring frameworks capable of tracking progress toward tangible outcomes while capturing dynamic sustainability trajectories. However, existing SDG evaluation methods suffer from three critical limitations: (1) misalignment between global targets and national priorities, which undermines contextual relevance; (2) fragmented assessments that neglect holistic integration of social, economic, and ecological dimensions, thereby obscuring systemic interdependencies; and (3) insufficient longitudinal analysis, which restricts insights into temporal patterns of sustainable development and hinders adaptive policymaking. To address these gaps, we employed China’s 31 provinces as a case study and constructed an SDG indicator framework comprising 178 metrics—harmonizing global SDG benchmarks with China’s national development priorities. Using official statistics and open-source data spanning 2006–2021, we evaluate longitudinal SDG scores for all 17 goals (SDGs 1–17). Additionally, we developed a composite SDG index that considers the coupling coordination degree of the social–economic–ecological system and evaluated the index value under different economic region settings. Finally, we developed a two-threshold model to analyze the dynamic evolution of SDG conditions, incorporating temporal sustainability (long-term development resilience) and action urgency (short-term policy intervention needs) as dual evaluation dimensions. This model was applied to conduct a longitudinal analysis (2006–2021) across all 31 Chinese provinces, enabling a granular assessment of regional SDG trajectories while capturing both systemic trends and acute challenges over time. The results indicate that China’s social SDG performance improved substantially over the 2006–2021 period, achieving a cumulative increase of 126.53%, whereas progress in ecological SDGs was comparatively modest, with a cumulative growth of only 23.93%. Over the same period, the average composite SDG score across China’s 31 provinces increased markedly from 0.502 to 0.714, reflecting a strengthened systemic alignment between regional development trajectories and national sustainability objectives. Further analysis shows that all provinces attained a status of “temporal sustainability with low action urgency” throughout the study period, highlighting China’s overall progress in sustainable development. Nevertheless, pronounced regional disparities persist: eastern provinces developed earlier and have consistently maintained leading positions; central and northeastern regions exhibit broadly comparable development levels; and western regions, despite severe early-stage lagging, have demonstrated accelerated growth in later years. Our study holds substantial significance by integrating multi-dimensional indicators—spanning ecological, economic, and social dimensions—to deliver a holistic, longitudinal perspective on sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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19 pages, 1234 KB

Open AccessArticle

Rice–Fish Integration as a Pathway to Sustainable Livelihoods Among Smallholder Farmers: Evidence from DPSIR-Informed Analysis in Sub-Saharan Africa

by Oluwafemi Ajayi, Arkar Myo, Yongxu Cheng and Jiayao Li

Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010498 - 4 Jan 2026

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1142

Abstract

Smallholder rice farmers in sub-Saharan Africa face persistent livelihood challenges due to declining returns from monocropping, limited diversification opportunities, and vulnerability to climate and market shocks. This study integrated the Drivers–Pressures–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework with the sustainable livelihood approach to evaluate how the transition [...] Read more.

Smallholder rice farmers in sub-Saharan Africa face persistent livelihood challenges due to declining returns from monocropping, limited diversification opportunities, and vulnerability to climate and market shocks. This study integrated the Drivers–Pressures–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework with the sustainable livelihood approach to evaluate how the transition from rice monocropping to integrated rice–fish farming influences productivity, profitability, and household welfare in Nigeria’s leading rice-producing region. Using a mixed-methods, three-year panel (2021–2023) of 228 households across three communities in Kebbi State, descriptive statistics, regression models, and thematic analyses were combined to assess changes in livelihood capitals, system pressures, and response mechanisms. Adoption of rice–fish systems was associated with substantial improvements: 96.1% of farmers reported increased income, 56.3% improved food security, and 30.6% greater dietary diversity. Regression analyses confirmed that access to more land (p < 0.001 for healthcare and education; p = 0.011 for social status), labor affordability (p < 0.001), and farm size (p < 0.05) were consistent predictors of gains in healthcare, education, and social status, while pesticide and herbicide use negatively affected food access and wellbeing (p < 0.05). The DPSIR assessment revealed that rice–fish integration altered the state of rice production systems through reductions in input-related pressures and generated positive livelihood impacts. The results align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to poverty reduction, food and nutrition security, sustainable production, and biodiversity conservation, and provide the first large-scale, longitudinal evidence from West Africa that integrated rice–fish systems support food security, income diversification, and sustainable resource management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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18 pages, 3869 KB

Open AccessArticle

Quantitative Comparison of China’s Multi-Level Carbon Peaking Policies Based on Natural Language Processing

by Mengmeng Zhen, Huimin Li and Yufei Wang

Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010296 - 27 Dec 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 832

Abstract

Pragmatic sustainability emphasizes that policies must adapt to the reality of multi-level governance to balance targets and feasibility. To explore how this concept is embodied in China’s carbon peaking policies, this study adopted natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning methods to conduct [...] Read more.

Pragmatic sustainability emphasizes that policies must adapt to the reality of multi-level governance to balance targets and feasibility. To explore how this concept is embodied in China’s carbon peaking policies, this study adopted natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning methods to conduct a systematic quantitative analysis of 316 carbon peaking policy documents spanning from the national to county levels in China. The findings reveal that the policy system presented a distinct logic of pragmatic coordination. The application of legal instruments decreased with descending administrative levels, whereas that of supervision instruments showed the opposite trend; central-level targets were more flexible, while local governments demonstrated higher policy intensity in specific targets and livelihood-related sectors. The regional differences in policy intensity were closely associated with local economic development and energy structure, indicating that future policy optimization should more thoroughly implement the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in target decomposition and dynamic adjustment. This study not only provides a novel quantitative perspective for investigating pragmatic sustainability in carbon peaking policy texts but also offers critical empirical evidence for synergistically advancing SDG 13 (climate action) with other SDGs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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20 pages, 1387 KB

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Sustainable Transaction Processing in Transaction-Intensive E-Business Applications Through Resilient Digital Infrastructures

by Roman Gumzej, Tomaž Kramberger and Wolfgang Halang

Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010279 - 26 Dec 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 973

Abstract

In the era of digital transformation, transaction-intensive e-business applications—such as high-frequency trading (HFT), e-monetary services and decentralized marketplaces—require infrastructures that are not only fast and secure but also sustainable. Current solutions often prioritize short-term performance over long-term resilience, leading to inefficiencies in energy [...] Read more.

In the era of digital transformation, transaction-intensive e-business applications—such as high-frequency trading (HFT), e-monetary services and decentralized marketplaces—require infrastructures that are not only fast and secure but also sustainable. Current solutions often prioritize short-term performance over long-term resilience, leading to inefficiencies in energy use and system reliability. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for sustainable transaction processing, leveraging energy-efficient hardware accelerators, real-time communication protocols inspired by industrial automation and lightweight authentication mechanisms. By integrating associative memory-based matching engines and optimized network architectures, the proposed approach ensures predictable latency, robust security and scalability without compromising sustainability. The framework aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by reducing resource consumption, enhancing operational resilience and supporting future-ready digital ecosystems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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28 pages, 1288 KB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Nudges and Environmental Concern in Shaping Sustainable Consumer Behavior Aligned with SDGs 12 and 13

by Nasser Ali M. Khalufi

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 11292; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172411292 - 16 Dec 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3201

Abstract

This paper examines the effects of AI-based digital nudges on consumers’ sustainable purchase intentions and behaviors, using an integrated framework that combines the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Nudge Theory. Previous studies have demonstrated that digital nudges can stimulate eco-friendly behavior. However, [...] Read more.

This paper examines the effects of AI-based digital nudges on consumers’ sustainable purchase intentions and behaviors, using an integrated framework that combines the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Nudge Theory. Previous studies have demonstrated that digital nudges can stimulate eco-friendly behavior. However, the interaction between personalization, timing, message framing, cognitive variables like perceived usefulness, and psychological variables such as environmental concern has not been explained. The study employs quantitative research based on SEM-PLS, which explores the relationships between these constructs with a valid response of 810 samples. Personalization, timing of nudges, and framing enhance perceived utility and sustainable purchase intention. Perceived usefulness mediated the relationship between digital nudging and sustainable purchase intention, moderated by environmental concern as a psychological catalyst. These results support the validation of the combined TAM Nudge model, illustrating the role of technology and behavior in fostering sustainability. The implication of the study can support policymakers, marketers, and digital designers in creating ethical AI-based interventions to meet SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), transforming sustainability awareness into a quantifiable behavioral change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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23 pages, 16417 KB

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Quantifying Global Cooperation in the Sustainable Development Goals

by Rongqing Liu and Ying Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 11283; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172411283 - 16 Dec 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 942

Abstract

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) hinges critically on extensive international cooperation. However, the extent and evolution of such cooperation at the global level, along with the relative synergy contributions of different country groups, remain insufficiently studied and inadequately quantified. This study aims [...] Read more.

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) hinges critically on extensive international cooperation. However, the extent and evolution of such cooperation at the global level, along with the relative synergy contributions of different country groups, remain insufficiently studied and inadequately quantified. This study aims to assess the level of global cooperation in advancing the SDGs from 2001 to 2023. It further examines the synergy contributions of countries across different income groups and geographic regions. To this end, a synergy-based statistical framework is employed for the analysis. Our results indicate that global cooperation has shown a steady upward trend during this period, yet substantial disparities persist across different goals and indicators. High-income countries contributed most to economic SDGs, whereas low-income countries contributed most to environmental and social SDGs. Regionally, North America and Europe contributed most to economic synergy. Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean made more substantial contributions to social and environmental progress. This study enhances the understanding of global cooperation dynamics related to the SDGs. It also provides evidence-based insights to support the design and timely adjustment of more effective international cooperation strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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26 pages, 593 KB

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A Quantitative Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment, Development Foreign Assistance, and Personal Remittance Earnings on Environmental Sustainability (SDG13) in Developing Economies: Does Corruption Matter?

by Masahina Sarabdeen

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 11218; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172411218 - 15 Dec 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 766

Abstract

The role of international financial resource inflows, foreign direct investment (FDI), development foreign assistance (DFA), and personal remittance earnings (PRE) in decisive advancement toward environmental sustainability (SDG13) and economic development is increasingly recognized. However, depending on the situation, their effects on environmental outcomes [...] Read more.

The role of international financial resource inflows, foreign direct investment (FDI), development foreign assistance (DFA), and personal remittance earnings (PRE) in decisive advancement toward environmental sustainability (SDG13) and economic development is increasingly recognized. However, depending on the situation, their effects on environmental outcomes vary in degree and direction, and are still subject to debate. This research examines how the three main international financial resources impact environmental sustainability, which is measured by the bio-capacity index, with a specific focus on the moderating role of corruption. The system panel generalized method of moments with balanced panel data (2001–2023) was used to attain the objectives of this study. This study focused on 28 developing Organization of Islamic Cooperation member countries because of their significant reliance on these financial inflows, regional/economic variety, and diverse levels of governance, which offer a crucial setting for evaluating the corruption moderation hypothesis. The findings reveal a comprehensive scenario of SDG synergies and trade-offs. In the base model, FDI directly improves the situation, whereas DFA and PRE are initially negligible. When considering internal economic factors, FDI and PRE greatly advance sustainability, whereas domestic financial measures such as domestic credit and fixed capital formation show adverse effects, underscoring a tension between environmental objectives and national financial systems. Importantly, the moderation analysis shows that while the advantages of FDI and PRE continue to be robust, corruption severely reduces the efficacy of DFA. To assure environmental effectiveness, these findings call for distinct policies that encourage green FDI, leverage remittances for green investments at the family level, and above all, fasten development assistance to strict governance changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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32 pages, 6951 KB

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Conceptualizing the Education Roadmap to Support the Implementation of Circular Economy Principles in the Forestry Sector—A Case Study of the Baltic Sea Region

by Marzena Smol, Edyta Waluś and Paulina Marcinek

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 11145; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172411145 - 12 Dec 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 889

Abstract

Environmental education, implemented at both formal and informal levels, plays a significant role in the transformation process towards a Circular Economy (CE). In the Baltic Sea Region (BRS), the significant role of the forestry sector is worth noting, as it contributes to strengthening [...] Read more.

Environmental education, implemented at both formal and informal levels, plays a significant role in the transformation process towards a Circular Economy (CE). In the Baltic Sea Region (BRS), the significant role of the forestry sector is worth noting, as it contributes to strengthening the CE agenda through the sustainable and circular management of wood processing waste. However, currently, environmental education on the potential uses of this waste, for the general public (including youth), students, and professionals, is quite limited. Therefore, this paper presents a conceptual approach to developing an education roadmap. The scope of work includes identifying the education gap in the forestry sector using a questionnaire survey among residents of the Baltic Sea Region, and then developing a concept for an education roadmap consistent with the CE assumptions. The presented concept of roadmap is a comprehensive document that analyses the educational needs, challenges, and opportunities related to the sustainable use of forest biomass in a given region. Strategic assumptions and educational priorities were identified and implemented in this document. Our findings contribute to aligning forestry education with broader environmental and economic goals in the Baltic Sea Region and beyond. This study supports the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 4 (Quality Education), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and 15 (Life on Land) by providing practical insights for advancing circular economy education in natural resource management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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24 pages, 19262 KB

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Evaluation of the Synergistic Interactions Between Socioeconomic Development and Ecosystem Services in China’s Hebei Province: A Perspective from the SDGs

by Qiaobi Chen, Leigang Sun, Jiakui Tang, Qing Zhang, Kefa Zhou, Yingpeng Lu, Guangjun Qu and Shulei Lu

Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10785; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310785 - 2 Dec 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 919

Abstract

Coordinating ecosystem services (ESs) and socioeconomic development is crucial for sustainability. This study examined Hebei Province, China, a representative region within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area with diverse ecosystems and sharp developmental contrasts. A comprehensive evaluation framework aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was [...] Read more.

Coordinating ecosystem services (ESs) and socioeconomic development is crucial for sustainability. This study examined Hebei Province, China, a representative region within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area with diverse ecosystems and sharp developmental contrasts. A comprehensive evaluation framework aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was developed, integrating economic, social, and ES dimensions. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method was used for overall assessment, and self-organizing maps (SOM) were employed to analyze spatial coupling relationships. The results indicate that social and economic indicators often exhibit synergistic effects, whereas trade-offs dominate the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and ecosystem services. In the multidimensional coordinated development zone is coordinated, all three dimensions display integrated progress. Socioeconomic development in Hebei Province shows a “multi-sphere” pattern of spatial expansion, while ecosystem services reveal distinct “mountain–plain” contrasts. Ecological functions have undergone significant transformations across prefecture from 2005 to 2020, with the region as a whole demonstrating coordinated development—characterized by relatively stable ecosystem services alongside gradual improvement in the low socioeconomic development zone. This study clarifies the synergistic mechanisms between regional development and ES, providing a theoretical and methodological basis for differentiated sustainable development strategies under the SDG framework. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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21 pages, 5424 KB

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Social Geoparticipation and Spatial Justice in Campus Revitalization: The Warsaw University of Technology Case Study

by Agnieszka Wendland, Renata Walczak, Krzysztof Koszewski, Krzysztof Ejsmont, Hubert Świech, Urszula Szczepankowska-Bednarek, Piotr Pałka and Robert Olszewski

Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10653; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310653 - 27 Nov 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1003

Abstract

Urban revitalization processes are increasingly requiring inclusive and data-driven approaches that address spatial inequalities and support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The article presents a methodology for utilizing social geoparticipation tools in the revitalization process of the Warsaw University of [...] Read more.

Urban revitalization processes are increasingly requiring inclusive and data-driven approaches that address spatial inequalities and support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The article presents a methodology for utilizing social geoparticipation tools in the revitalization process of the Warsaw University of Technology campus. The study demonstrates how campus-scale geoparticipation can incorporate SDGs and spatial justice principles in micro-urban contexts, with a methodology that is transferable to city-scale projects and provides practical guidance for inclusive and sustainable urban governance. This enables the transformation of volunteered geographic information (VGI) data and spatial databases into practical spatial knowledge that supports sustainable urban development. Empirical analysis of 710 responses and nearly 1000 mapped locations revealed that 83% of respondents identified insufficient greenery as the primary spatial problem. At the same time, accessibility (β = 0.618) and green infrastructure quality (β = 0.553) were the strongest predictors of the need for change. The collected feedback from the academic community was processed using exploratory data analysis and spatial statistics into a spatial knowledge base. ESRI’s ArcGIS Experience Builder (Developer Edition version 1.16) was employed in the app’s development. A custom function was developed to meet the requirements of the geo-questionnaire fully. The application was ultimately deployed within the CENAGIS domain of the IT infrastructure at Warsaw University of Technology. Authors employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) method and provided statistical analysis of community expectations. The findings provide actionable evidence for urban planners, campus managers, and decision-makers seeking to implement data-driven, participatory revitalization strategies, demonstrating how social geoparticipation can directly inform sustainable design and policy-making at both campus and city levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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24 pages, 1323 KB

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Reverse Supply Chain Optimization in Kazakhstan’s Mining Industry: Unlocking Value from Waste

by Mariya Li, Antonio Maffei, Gulmira Mukhanova, Erzhan Kuldeyev, Bakytzhan Amralinova and Zhazira Tymbayeva

Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10589; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310589 - 26 Nov 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 987

Abstract

Kazakhstan’s mining sector, a vital pillar of the national economy, generates significant volumes of waste. This waste has been found to hold considerable residual value, presenting a substantial opportunity for resource recovery and economic benefit. To unlock this value, establishing efficient reverse logistics [...] Read more.

Kazakhstan’s mining sector, a vital pillar of the national economy, generates significant volumes of waste. This waste has been found to hold considerable residual value, presenting a substantial opportunity for resource recovery and economic benefit. To unlock this value, establishing efficient reverse logistics operations is fundamental, as it enables the recovery, recycling, and reuse of materials in a cost-effective and sustainable manner. This paper introduces a conceptual optimization framework tailored to Kazakhstan’s mining industry to explore the feasibility of reverse supply chain processes. The implementation of strategies informed by this model can improve resource utilization, reduce environmental impact, and deliver long-term economic benefits. The study also identifies potential challenges to adoption and suggests pathways for further refinement of the model to adapt to the evolving needs of Kazakhstan’s mining sector. The model provides a robust analytical foundation to support discussions on developing a holistic strategy for waste management in the sector. It offers key insights into optimizing waste handling, advancing material recovery technologies, and promoting collaboration between public and private stakeholders. By aligning these insights with the regulatory and economic landscape of Kazakhstan, the model serves as a reference point to shape a broader national framework. The outcomes of this study contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 12 by promoting industrial innovation, resource efficiency, and responsible production practices within Kazakhstan’s mining sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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16 pages, 874 KB

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Impact of Biotechnology on Sustainable Development: An Opinion Analysis

by Alejandro Leiva, Asier Larrea-Sebal, Arantzazu Acha and Lidia Ruth Montes

Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10023; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210023 - 10 Nov 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2391

Abstract

Biotechnology is increasingly recognized as a key driver for achieving the United Nations 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, public awareness of its role remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions and opinions regarding the relationship between [...] Read more.

Biotechnology is increasingly recognized as a key driver for achieving the United Nations 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, public awareness of its role remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions and opinions regarding the relationship between the SDGs and biotechnology among the general adult population in Spain. A validated online survey was distributed, yielding 274 responses. Although 84.3% of the respondents were familiar with the 2030 Agenda, positive perceptions of the SDGs were especially common among women and individuals with higher levels of education. Regarding biotechnology, 54.4% considered themselves knowledgeable, and nearly half (48.2%) recognized its potential contribution to health (SDG 3) and environmental sustainability, but its role in social and economic SDGs was less recognized. This study highlights the need for targeted educational and communication strategies to raise awareness and show how concrete biotechnological applications can contribute to sustainable development. Emphasizing these practical contributions can position biotechnology as a visible driver of progress and foster greater public engagement with science in achieving the 2030 Agenda. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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17 pages, 1709 KB

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Iron Removal from Quartz Ore by Acid Leaching: From Lab- to Pilot-Scale

by Svetlana Zueva, Valentina Innocenzi, Nicolò Maria Ippolito, Ionela Birloaga, Francesco Vegliò and Francesco Ferella

Sustainability 2025, 17(22), 10008; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210008 - 9 Nov 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1635

Abstract

Quartz in high-purity form, i.e., with an iron content <100 mg/kg, has valuable properties such as superior UV transmission, thermal stability, and resistance to devitrification, which are highly useful for optical applications. In this study, acid leaching was tested to optimize the production [...] Read more.

Quartz in high-purity form, i.e., with an iron content <100 mg/kg, has valuable properties such as superior UV transmission, thermal stability, and resistance to devitrification, which are highly useful for optical applications. In this study, acid leaching was tested to optimize the production of optical-grade quartz from mined quartz, transforming an environmentally polluting process into a sustainable one, aligning with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Initially, when iron removal was obtained with direct, cross-current, and counter-current leaching methods, the results were unsatisfactory. However, a variation consisting of incorporating sulfuric acid regenerated via membrane filtration into the typical counter-current scheme was proven effective, reducing acid consumption and enhancing water recycling in the process, mitigating the environmental impact. The best optimized combination was the three-step counter-current method, with acid regeneration and fresh make-up after each cycle. The conditions were temperature 90 °C, solid-to-liquid ratio 30% wt/vol, time 3 h, and H₂SO₄ concentration of 1 M. The iron extraction yield was close to 89%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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30 pages, 2688 KB

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Practice Primacy: Revisiting the Knowledge–Action Gap in Pro-Environmental Behavior with eXplainable AI

by Xun Yang, Shensheng Chen, Tingting Liu, Junjie Luo and Yuzhen Tang

Sustainability 2025, 17(21), 9916; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219916 - 6 Nov 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2513

Abstract

Against the backdrop of an escalating global environmental crisis, bridging the “knowledge–action gap” in the pro-environmental behavior (PEB) of university students has become a key challenge for sustainable development education, aligning with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). [...] Read more.

Against the backdrop of an escalating global environmental crisis, bridging the “knowledge–action gap” in the pro-environmental behavior (PEB) of university students has become a key challenge for sustainable development education, aligning with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Traditional linear models often struggle to capture the complex non-linearities and interaction effects when explaining this gap. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces an integrated “prediction-plus-explanation” framework using eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Based on survey data from 463 university students in China, we constructed a high-precision PEB prediction model (Accuracy = 93.55%) using the CatBoost algorithm and conducted an in-depth analysis of its internal decision-making mechanisms with the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) framework. The results reveal that a “Practice Primacy” model plays a dominant role in driving PEB: the formation of environmental habits, participation in environmental practices, and the investment of related resources are the overwhelmingly dominant factors in predicting individual behavior, with their cumulative contribution far exceeding that of traditional cognitive and attitudinal variables. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis revealed significant group differences in these driving mechanisms: the behavioral decisions of male students tend to be more “value-driven,” while lower-division students are more susceptible to external educational interventions. By quantifying the non-linear effects and relative importance of each driver, this study offers a new “Action-to-Cognition” perspective for bridging the knowledge–action gap and provides robust, data-driven support for universities to design precise and differentiated intervention strategies, thus contributing to the achievement of SDGs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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21 pages, 309 KB

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Assessing Psychological Well-Being Among Adolescents: A New Multidimensional Instrument for Chilean School Students

by Mónica Bravo-Sanzana, Oscar Terán-Mendoza, Rafael Miranda, Xavier Oriol, Jorge Varela and Manuel Mieres-Chacaltana

Sustainability 2025, 17(21), 9482; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219482 - 24 Oct 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3109

Abstract

Adolescent psychological well-being is a key component of social and educational sustainability. Strengthening well-being during the school years supports healthy development, academic engagement, and resilience to contemporary challenges. Within the framework of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, fostering mental health [...] Read more.

Adolescent psychological well-being is a key component of social and educational sustainability. Strengthening well-being during the school years supports healthy development, academic engagement, and resilience to contemporary challenges. Within the framework of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, fostering mental health and equity in education contributes to more inclusive, cohesive, and peaceful communities. This study aimed to develop and validate the Psychological Well-Being Scale for Adolescents in a Chilean school population. Drawing on Ryff’s multidimensional model, the scale included 32 items and was administered to 8638 high school students from all sixteen regions of Chile. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified a seven-factor structure in which self-acceptance was divided into two dimensions: one associated with self-esteem and achievement, and another with self-appreciation and body image. Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that the seven-factor model achieved the best fit. The scale showed high internal consistency, adequate convergent validity, and measurement invariance. The Psychological Well-Being Scale for Adolescents is a psychometrically sound and culturally adapted instrument validated with Chilean adolescents in school contexts. Current evidence supports its use for research and applied assessment within Chilean educational settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

21 pages, 588 KB

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Progress Toward a Circular Economy: A Comparative Analysis of EU Member States

by Mahyar Kamali Saraji and Milad Torabi

Sustainability 2025, 17(18), 8448; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17188448 - 20 Sep 2025

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1982

Abstract

Moving toward a circular economy is vital for sustainable development in the European Union. However, it is challenging to assess how well each member state is performing because there are many different factors, and the choices can be subjective. This study develops an [...] Read more.

Moving toward a circular economy is vital for sustainable development in the European Union. However, it is challenging to assess how well each member state is performing because there are many different factors, and the choices can be subjective. This study develops an assessment framework that integrates CRITIC-TOPSIS for objective analysis and Picture Fuzzy SWARA for subjective evaluation. The present study also used 20 circular economy factors from Eurostat for 2018 and 2023. The findings reveal shifts in factor importance over time, highlighting the impact of subjective judgments on policy evaluations and showing differences in country rankings depending on the weighting method. The study concludes that integrating both objective and subjective approaches provides a more comprehensive assessment of CE performance and supports more balanced policy development to provide insight for EU policy harmonization. Also, results indicated that Germany, France, and Italy were consistent leaders, while Estonia and Bulgaria lagged in both years. In addition, the analysis directly contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), as the circular economy models enhance resource efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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30 pages, 2621 KB

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Indicator Assessment of Sustainable Development Goals: A Global Perspective

by Idiano D’Adamo, Marialucia Della Sciucca, Massimo Gastaldi and Barbara Lupi

Sustainability 2025, 17(18), 8259; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17188259 - 14 Sep 2025

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5065

Abstract

This study compares the progress of 141 countries towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), using a multi-criteria approach based on 72 indicators from the Sustainable Development Report 2024. The adoption of two aggregation methods—min-max and TOPSIS—has made it possible to highlight both [...] Read more.

This study compares the progress of 141 countries towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), using a multi-criteria approach based on 72 indicators from the Sustainable Development Report 2024. The adoption of two aggregation methods—min-max and TOPSIS—has made it possible to highlight both the sensitivity of the results to the techniques used and the moderate consistency between the rankings obtained. Sweden comes out on top using the min-max method, followed by Finland and Denmark. The TOPSIS method, on the other hand, rewards Croatia, followed by Brazil and Sweden. The aggregate ranking by position shows Sweden ahead of Finland and Croatia, and there are sixteen European countries in the top twenty. The analysis using the min-max method reveals Sweden’s leadership in economic sustainability, Belarus’s in environmental sustainability, and Denmark’s in social sustainability. At the continental level, Europe—particularly the Nordic countries—stands out as an area of excellence in all dimensions, although North America emerges as the leader in the economic dimension. Africa, instead, shows the poorest results. Furthermore, a comparison between OECD and BRICS+ countries shows a clear superiority of the former, especially in the social sphere. The findings highlight the pressing need for enhanced commitment to the SDGs, calling for coherent, cross-sectoral strategies and long-term global vision in policymaking. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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27 pages, 1161 KB

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Strategic and Systemic Sustainability: Redefining EU Governance Beyond Environmental Policy

by Andrés Fernández-Miguel, Fernando E. García-Muiña, Maria Pia Riccardi, Valerio Veglio and Davide Settembre-Blundo

Sustainability 2025, 17(18), 8208; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17188208 - 11 Sep 2025

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2560

Abstract

The European Union (EU) is fundamentally transforming sustainability governance by developing dual approaches that extend far beyond traditional environmental policy. This study explores how EU institutions integrate strategic sustainability, which embeds environmental goals within economic security and geopolitical frameworks, with systemic sustainability, which [...] Read more.

The European Union (EU) is fundamentally transforming sustainability governance by developing dual approaches that extend far beyond traditional environmental policy. This study explores how EU institutions integrate strategic sustainability, which embeds environmental goals within economic security and geopolitical frameworks, with systemic sustainability, which emphasizes circularity, stakeholder engagement, and long-term resilience. Using hermeneutic methodology, the research analyzes key policy documents including the European Green Deal, Circular Economy Action Plan, and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism to reveal how sustainability narratives align with strategic autonomy and economic resilience. The findings demonstrate that sustainability governance now operates as a multi-dimensional paradigm balancing sovereignty, competitiveness, and inclusiveness. The study introduces the Neo-Sovereign Strategic Management (NSSM) framework, conceptualizing sustainability as a strategic field where economic security, geopolitical influence, and environmental objectives converge. This dual strategic–systemic approach represents a paradigm shift from standalone environmental goals toward integrated governance that positions sustainability as both economic driver and geopolitical asset. The research contributes to the sustainability governance literature by providing actionable insights for policymakers navigating the complex intersection of environmental objectives, economic security, and strategic autonomy in contemporary EU governance. Unlike existing models such as multi-level governance or resilience theory, the frameworks conceptualize sustainability as a strategic field where sovereignty, competitiveness, and legitimacy converge. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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22 pages, 3219 KB

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Adapting the 15-Minute City to North America: A Framework for Neighborhood Clusters with Urban Agriculture and Green Mobility

by Md Faisal Kabir, Mahnoor Fatima Sohail and Caroline Hachem-Vermette

Sustainability 2025, 17(18), 8196; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17188196 - 11 Sep 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2498

Abstract

To reduce GHG emissions from food miles and enhance urban food security, this study develops and evaluates an integrated framework combining three strategies: the 15-minute city concept, urban agriculture, and a renewable-energy-powered green transportation (GT) system. The goal is to create a scalable, [...] Read more.

To reduce GHG emissions from food miles and enhance urban food security, this study develops and evaluates an integrated framework combining three strategies: the 15-minute city concept, urban agriculture, and a renewable-energy-powered green transportation (GT) system. The goal is to create a scalable, holistic approach to sustainable food production and distribution within neighborhoods. A Food Production and Transportation Framework is proposed, modeling vegetable cultivation across rooftops, facades, and lot spaces, with optimized allocations based on a tailored Food Production Schedule. The harvested produce is distributed via GT powered by sidewalk-integrated photovoltaics (PVs). Results demonstrate that using 15% of roof, facade, and lot spaces yields an achieved annual food self-sufficiency of 100%. The transportation system operates with a single GT unit powered by 98 m² of sidewalk PVs, reducing CO₂ emissions by 98% from the base case. Economic analysis indicates a payback period of 2.8 years, with the cost of PV-generated electricity estimated at C$0.92/kWh. This framework highlights that 0.19 units of local food production offset one unit of CO₂ emissions. This integrated approach advances multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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22 pages, 994 KB

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Examining How Sustainability Addresses Gender Inequality Using FIFA Women’s World Cup Soccer Outcomes

by Deborah de Lange and Walter Leal Filho

Sustainability 2025, 17(18), 8133; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17188133 - 10 Sep 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2354

Abstract

Increasing gender equality, United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Five (UN SDG 5), is one of many wicked problems that are difficult to solve in sport. Innovative policies may create a backdrop for improving women’s career outcomes in sport and beyond. This research aims [...] Read more.

Increasing gender equality, United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Five (UN SDG 5), is one of many wicked problems that are difficult to solve in sport. Innovative policies may create a backdrop for improving women’s career outcomes in sport and beyond. This research aims to theorize and empirically demonstrate some of these contextual relationships. Using FIFA Women’s World Cup standings as outcomes, international analyses show that sustainability has real consequences for women and their countries’ success. Guided by wicked problems Literature explicitly recognizing complexities, this research considers the interconnectedness of the UN SDGs with a focus on sports. International empirical analyses demonstrate that leading countries’ more holistic sustainability policies help to address UN SDG 5. This study also compares sustainable development indicators in regression analyses to clarify how these composite measures relate to improved outcomes for women. Overall, future research should incorporate gender differences and thereby consider a broad set of sustainability factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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19 pages, 1237 KB

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Evaluation of China’s ESG Policy Texts Based on the “Instrument-Theme-Subject” Framework

by Yutong Liu and Hailiang Ma

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 7796; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17177796 - 29 Aug 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2260

Abstract

This study develops a three-dimensional evaluation framework integrating policy instruments, policy themes, and policy subjects to analyze China’s ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) policies. Based on 82 central government policy documents issued between 2007 and 2024, it employs content analysis, Latent Dirichlet Allocation [...] Read more.

This study develops a three-dimensional evaluation framework integrating policy instruments, policy themes, and policy subjects to analyze China’s ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) policies. Based on 82 central government policy documents issued between 2007 and 2024, it employs content analysis, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling, and social network analysis. The findings reveal a structural imbalance in policy instruments, with overreliance on environmental instruments and insufficient application of supply side and demand side mechanisms. Four major policy themes are identified: environmental governance, corporate responsibility and disclosure, technological innovation, and financial development. These themes show evolving priorities aligned with national strategies. Social network analysis shows weak coordination among stakeholders, with only a few central agencies driving most policies. This research contributes a systematic and quantitative approach to ESG policy evaluation, offering insights into structural shortcomings and governance fragmentation. It provides actionable recommendations for optimizing instrument use, enhancing thematic design, and improving multi-agency collaboration in ESG policymaking. This study contributes to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), by evaluating China’s ESG policies and proposing a more balanced and pragmatic policy framework. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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23 pages, 782 KB

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From Local Actions to Global Impact: Overcoming Hurdles and Showcasing Sustainability Achievements in the Implementation of SDG12

by John N. Hahladakis

Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 7106; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157106 - 5 Aug 2025

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1875

Abstract

This study examines the progress, challenges, and successes in implementing Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG12), focusing on responsible consumption and production, using Qatar as a case study. The State has integrated Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) into national policies, established coordination mechanisms, and [...] Read more.

This study examines the progress, challenges, and successes in implementing Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG12), focusing on responsible consumption and production, using Qatar as a case study. The State has integrated Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) into national policies, established coordination mechanisms, and implemented action plans aligned with SDG12 targets. Achievements include renewable energy adoption, waste management reforms, and sustainable public procurement, though challenges persist in rationalizing fossil fuel subsidies, addressing data gaps, and enhancing corporate sustainability reporting. Efforts to reduce food loss and waste through redistribution programs highlight the country’s resilience, despite logistical obstacles. The nation has also advanced hazardous waste management, environmental awareness, and sustainable tourism policies, though gaps in data systems and policy coherence remain. Qatar’s approach provides a valuable local-to-global example of balancing resource-dependent economies with sustainability goals. Its strategies and lessons offer potential adaptability for other nations, especially those facing similar challenges in achieving SDG12. By strengthening data systems, enhancing policy integration, and fostering regional and international cooperation, Qatar’s efforts underscore the importance of aligning economic growth with environmental stewardship, serving as a blueprint for global sustainability initiatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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19 pages, 338 KB

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Top Management Challenges in Using Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Development Goals: An Exploratory Case Study of an Australian Agribusiness

by Amanda Balasooriya and Darshana Sedera

Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 6860; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156860 - 28 Jul 2025

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2700

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence into sustainable agriculture holds significant potential to transform traditional agricultural practices. This transformation of agricultural practices through AI directly intersects with several critical sustainable development goals, such as Climate Action (SDG13), Life Below Water (SDG 14), and Life [...] Read more.

The integration of artificial intelligence into sustainable agriculture holds significant potential to transform traditional agricultural practices. This transformation of agricultural practices through AI directly intersects with several critical sustainable development goals, such as Climate Action (SDG13), Life Below Water (SDG 14), and Life on Land (SDG 15). However, such implementations are fraught with multifaceted challenges. This study explores the technological, organizational, and environmental challenges confronting top management in the agricultural sector utilizing the technological–organizational–environmental framework. As interest in AI-enabled sustainable initiatives continues to rise globally, this exploration is timely and relevant. The study employs an interpretive case study approach, drawing insights from a carbon sequestration project within the agricultural sector where AI technologies have been integrated to support sustainability goals. The findings reveal six key challenges: sustainable policy inconsistency, AI experts lacking farming knowledge, farmers’ resistance to change, limited knowledge and expertise to deploy AI, missing links in the existing system, and transition costs, which often hinder the achievement of long-term sustainability outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of field realities and cross-disciplinary collaboration to optimize the role of AI in sustainability efforts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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16 pages, 439 KB

Open AccessArticle

Examining the Role of Food Technology Neophobia in Shaping Consumer Attitudes and Intentions to Purchase Genetically Modified Foods

by Eda Yaşa Özeltürkay, Ümit Doğrul, Suzan Oğuz, Deniz Yalçıntaş and Murat Gülmez

Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6416; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146416 - 13 Jul 2025

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1902

Abstract

In recent years, significant changes in food consumption habits have emerged due to various factors, including climate change, population growth, urbanization, and the depletion of natural resources. These changes pose a threat to the stability of global food systems and raise serious concerns [...] Read more.

In recent years, significant changes in food consumption habits have emerged due to various factors, including climate change, population growth, urbanization, and the depletion of natural resources. These changes pose a threat to the stability of global food systems and raise serious concerns about food security. Although this process encourages innovative and sustainable food consumption, it also makes individuals more skeptical and concerned about new foods. In this context, understanding consumer intentions regarding behaviors such as purchasing genetically modified (GM) foods is critical for predicting consumer responses and promoting responsible consumption patterns within the scope of sustainability. This study examined the effects of food technology neophobia and perceived information on attitudes and purchase intentions toward genetically modified (GM) foods. Survey data were collected from 324 participants across Turkey and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that food technology neophobia reduces perceived benefits and increases perceived risks, whereas perceived information enhances perceived benefits and lowers perceived risks. Additionally, attitudes were found to influence the intention to purchase GM foods significantly. Global issues, such as climate change and the depletion of natural resources, highlight the importance of innovations in food technology for sustainable food production. Understanding consumer concerns and perceived knowledge levels regarding genetically modified (GM) foods is critical to ensuring that these products are accepted at the societal level in an informed and conscious way. This study contributes to the promotion of sustainable food technologies and responsible consumer behavior, in line with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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44 pages, 1541 KB

Open AccessReview

Unlocking the Commercialization of SAF Through Integration of Industry 4.0: A Technological Perspective

by Sajad Ebrahimi, Jing Chen, Raj Bridgelall, Joseph Szmerekovsky and Jaideep Motwani

Sustainability 2025, 17(16), 7325; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167325 - 13 Aug 2025

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4685

Abstract

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has demonstrated significant potential to reduce carbon emissions in the aviation industry. Multiple national and international initiatives have been launched to accelerate SAF adoption, yet large-scale commercialization continues to face technological, operational, and regulatory barriers. Industry 4.0 provides a [...] Read more.

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has demonstrated significant potential to reduce carbon emissions in the aviation industry. Multiple national and international initiatives have been launched to accelerate SAF adoption, yet large-scale commercialization continues to face technological, operational, and regulatory barriers. Industry 4.0 provides a suite of advanced technologies that can address these challenges and improve SAF operations across the supply chain. This study conducts an integrative literature review to identify and synthesize research on the application of Industry 4.0 technologies in the production and distribution of SAF. The findings highlight that technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, digital twins, and 3D printing can enhance feedstock logistics, optimize conversion pathways, improve certification and compliance processes, and strengthen overall supply chain transparency and resilience. By mapping these applications to the six key workstreams of the SAF Grand Challenge, this study presents a practical framework linking technological innovation to both strategic and operational aspects of SAF commercialization. Integrating Industry 4.0 solutions into SAF production and supply chains contributes to reducing life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, strengthens low-carbon energy systems, and supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13). The findings from this research offer practical guidance to policymakers, industry practitioners, investors, and technology developers seeking to accelerate the global shift toward carbon neutrality in aviation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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Other

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25 pages, 2506 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Social Media and Environmental Communication in China: A Systematic Review of Present Status, Trends, and Future Challenges

by Kangni Song and Mumtaz Aini Alivi

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 11057; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172411057 - 10 Dec 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2180

Abstract

This study systematically reviewed 38 peer-reviewed articles (2020–2024) on social media and environmental communication in China following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It identified dominant research patterns across themes, theories, methods, and platforms. The field is heavily shaped by behavioral models (e.g., TPB, NAT) [...] Read more.

This study systematically reviewed 38 peer-reviewed articles (2020–2024) on social media and environmental communication in China following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It identified dominant research patterns across themes, theories, methods, and platforms. The field is heavily shaped by behavioral models (e.g., TPB, NAT) and survey-based designs, while institutional dynamics, platform governance, and cross-platform processes remain underexamined. Weibo and WeChat dominate as research sites, whereas short-video platforms like TikTok and Bilibili are emerging but undertheorized. Cross-level frameworks are frequently reduced to individual-level predictors, and social media are often treated as neutral delivery tools. The review highlights the need for multi-level approaches linking individual cognition, media architectures, and governance contexts to better capture how environmental publics form and operate in China’s platformed ecology. This study contributes to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals by revealing how social media infrastructures mediate environmental awareness, engagement, and systemic change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Quantitative Analysis and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals)

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