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Renewable Energy and Cooling Systems: Technologies, Market and Sustainable Development
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Renewable Energy and Cooling Systems: Technologies, Market and Sustainable Development

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Building".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2025) | Viewed by 10069

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Simon Pezzutto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Renewable Energy, European Academy of Bolzano (EURAC Research), Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
Interests: energy economics; circular economy; heating and cooling; R&D funding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For decades, space cooling demand has increased steadily worldwide, and is expected to rise even more in the coming years (2030/2050). This is true especially for the residential sector, where a significant increase of space cooling consumption in future is expected. To face this rising trend, we need to understand how to best meet actual and future demand while investigating the implementation of innovative, efficient space cooling solutions (best available technologies). In this contect, comfort, lifestyle, and user behaviour indications for different territories, demand-side management/demand response measures, as well as economic, policy, and legal/regulatory conditions are relevant. Natural, passive, and free cooling (including nature-based solutions) is an important part of the special issue, due to being largely unexplored so far and their high-deployment potential.

Dr. Simon Pezzutto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • space cooling consumption
  • planning
  • comfort, lifestyle and user behaviour
  • residential sector

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 592 KiB  
Article
Artificial Intelligence Technology Applications and Energy Utilization Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from China
by Hanjin Xie, Jiahui Cheng, Xi Tan and Jun Li
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6463; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146463 - 15 Jul 2025
Viewed by 360
Abstract
Although artificial intelligence (AI) serves as a core driver of the new round of technological transformation, its crucial role in improving energy utilization efficiency has not yet received sufficient attention. This analysis empirically explores how the application of AI technology influences energy utilization [...] Read more.
Although artificial intelligence (AI) serves as a core driver of the new round of technological transformation, its crucial role in improving energy utilization efficiency has not yet received sufficient attention. This analysis empirically explores how the application of AI technology influences energy utilization efficiency using panel data from Chinese cities over the period from 2008 to 2021. The following are the primary conclusions: (1) AI technology applications are able to enhance energy utilization efficiency, and the outcomes remain valid after extensive reliability tests have been conducted; (2) the investigation of the mechanism demonstrates that AI technology applications can optimize energy utilization efficiency through technological and scale effects; (3) environmental regulation and digital infrastructure serve as positive moderators of the impact of AI technology applications on energy utilization efficiency; and (4) a heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive impact of AI technology applications on energy utilization efficiency is more significant within resource-dependent cities, cities with non-traditional industrial foundations, and those with a strong emphasis on environmental protection. The application of AI technology significantly enhances energy efficiency, which is a finding that remains robust across multiple reliability tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy and Cooling Systems: Technologies, Market and Sustainable Development)
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16 pages, 1728 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Residential Energy Usage with Smart Devices: A Case Study on Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability
by Nat Weerawan, Phuchiwan Suriyawong, Hisam Samae, Sate Sampattagul and Worradorn Phairuang
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6359; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146359 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 297
Abstract
In this study, we examined the impact of an intelligent system and air conditioning control on power consumption. The experiment was carried out during five distinct time periods: (1) background room usage, (2) smart system setup, (3) air conditioning control to maintain room [...] Read more.
In this study, we examined the impact of an intelligent system and air conditioning control on power consumption. The experiment was carried out during five distinct time periods: (1) background room usage, (2) smart system setup, (3) air conditioning control to maintain room temperature at no more than 27 °C, (4) air conditioning temperature control during working hours, and (5) air conditioning operated continuously to maintain the room temperature at 27 °C. For each time period, the daily power consumption was evaluated, and outliers were identified and eliminated using a threshold derived from the hourly average. The findings demonstrated that the smart system setup period and air conditioning control resulted in lower usage compared to continuously operated air conditioning with substantial spikes in demand. The impacts of the novel system and air conditioning control on energy consumption were revealed through statistical analysis, which included regression models and hypothesis tests. According to this study’s findings, it is essential to regulate spikes and guarantee proper operation to reduce the carbon footprint while maintaining a comfortable atmosphere. Notably, the integration of the smart system and optimized scheduling resulted in a substantial decrease in greenhouse gas emissions, with annual carbon emissions reduced by up to 65% compared to continuously operated air conditioning without smart control. Moreover, these systems can optimize energy use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy and Cooling Systems: Technologies, Market and Sustainable Development)
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46 pages, 7883 KiB  
Article
Energy Transition Framework for Nearly Zero-Energy Ports: HRES Planning, Storage Integration, and Implementation Roadmap
by Dimitrios Cholidis, Nikolaos Sifakis, Alexandros Chachalis, Nikolaos Savvakis and George Arampatzis
Sustainability 2025, 17(13), 5971; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17135971 - 29 Jun 2025
Viewed by 362
Abstract
Ports are vital nodes in global trade networks but are also significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Their transition toward sustainable, nearly zero-energy operations require comprehensive and structured strategies. This study proposes a practical and scalable framework to support the energy decarbonization of [...] Read more.
Ports are vital nodes in global trade networks but are also significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Their transition toward sustainable, nearly zero-energy operations require comprehensive and structured strategies. This study proposes a practical and scalable framework to support the energy decarbonization of ports through the phased integration of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) and energy storage systems (ESS). Emphasizing a systems-level approach, the framework addresses key aspects such as energy demand assessment, resource potential evaluation, HRES configuration, and ESS sizing, while incorporating load characterization protocols and decision-making thresholds for technology deployment. Special consideration is given to economic performance, particularly the minimization of the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), alongside efforts to meet energy autonomy and operational resilience targets. In parallel, the framework integrates digital tools, including smart grid infrastructure and digital shadow technologies, to enable real-time system monitoring, simulation, and long-term optimization. It also embeds mechanisms for regulatory compliance and continuous adaptation to evolving standards. To validate its applicability, the framework is demonstrated using a representative case study based on a generic port profile. The example illustrates the transition process from conventional energy models to a sustainable port ecosystem, confirming the framework’s potential as a decision-making tool for port authorities, engineers, and policymakers aiming to achieve effective, compliant, and future-proof energy transitions in maritime infrastructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy and Cooling Systems: Technologies, Market and Sustainable Development)
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20 pages, 941 KiB  
Article
Drivers and Barriers in the Adoption of Green Heating and Cooling Technologies: Policy and Market Implications for Europe
by Simon Pezzutto, Dario Bottino-Leone, Eric Wilczynski and Riccardo Fraboni
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 6921; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166921 - 12 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2360
Abstract
Space heating and cooling (H&C) constitute nearly half of Europe’s total energy consumption, yet only 23% of this demand is fulfilled by renewable sources. Green H&C technologies, characterized by both renewable energy usage and energy efficiency, remain underutilized despite their significant environmental and [...] Read more.
Space heating and cooling (H&C) constitute nearly half of Europe’s total energy consumption, yet only 23% of this demand is fulfilled by renewable sources. Green H&C technologies, characterized by both renewable energy usage and energy efficiency, remain underutilized despite their significant environmental and economic advantages. This study aims to identify the socio-economic barriers and drivers influencing the adoption of green H&C technologies across Europe. Employing a comprehensive analysis of policy, technological, and market dynamics, this study indicates how a synergy of policy frameworks and market forces can enhance the diffusion of these sustainable technologies. The results showed that key barriers, including dependence on fossil fuels, electricity supply challenges, lack of professional know-how, inertia, and concerns over noise and supply security, can be substantially mitigated through strategic policymaking and technological advancements. Moreover, policy measures, subsidies, incentives, R&D activities, and regulatory frameworks can effectively reduce uncertainties and enhance the competitiveness of green H&C systems compared to conventional methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy and Cooling Systems: Technologies, Market and Sustainable Development)
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23 pages, 4125 KiB  
Article
Performance Enhancement of Solar Still Unit Using v-Corrugated Basin, Internal Reflecting Mirror, Flat-Plate Solar Collector and Nanofluids
by Mostafa AbdEl-Rady Abu-Zeid, Yasser Elhenawy, Monica Toderaș, Mohamed Bassyouni, Thokozani Majozi, Osama A. Al-Qabandi and Sameh Said Kishk
Sustainability 2024, 16(2), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020655 - 11 Jan 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2658
Abstract
The conventional solar still (CSS) unit faces challenges such as low productivity (Pd) and thermal efficiency (ηth) due to the limited temperature difference between the hot water and the cold interior glass cover surfaces (ΔTw-gi). [...] Read more.
The conventional solar still (CSS) unit faces challenges such as low productivity (Pd) and thermal efficiency (ηth) due to the limited temperature difference between the hot water and the cold interior glass cover surfaces (ΔTw-gi). This study addresses these issues by introducing enhancements in the CSS unit, incorporating a v-corrugated-type basin, internal reflecting mirror, flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) still, and FPSC nanofluids. A v-corrugated-type basin, internal reflecting mirror, FPSC still, and FPSC nanofluids elicited a significant improvement in the distillate productivity (Pd) up to approximately 22.39%, 41.72%, 70.10%, and 104.13% compared to the CSS unit. This increase in the Pd is attributed mainly to a notable raise in the ΔTw-gi, showing increments of around 34.33%, 52.32%, 77.37%, and 112.87% compared to the CSS unit. Moreover, a v-corrugated basin, internal reflecting mirror, FPSC still, and FPSC nanofluids substantially increased the average daily thermal efficiency (ηth), around 22.01%, 26.71%, 39.57%, and 56.21%, respectively. The results confirmed that integrating the v-corrugated basin, internal reflecting mirror, FPSC still, and FPSC nanofluids within a combined seawater distillation system can significantly enhance the performance of the CSS unit. These different combinations effectively raised the basin water temperature (Tw) and ΔTw-gi, consequently improving the overall performance of the solar still unit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy and Cooling Systems: Technologies, Market and Sustainable Development)
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22 pages, 3156 KiB  
Article
Environmental Assessment of Residential Space Heating and Cooling Technologies in Europe: A Review of 11 European Member States
by Riccardo Fraboni, Gianluca Grazieschi, Simon Pezzutto, Benjamin Mitterrutzner and Eric Wilczynski
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4288; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054288 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2989
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions have reached critical levels and climate change is threatening the globe. Thus, the space heating and cooling sector is striving to decarbonize assets through higher efficiency and renewable energy adoption for 2030 and 2050. This article reviewed data about the [...] Read more.
Greenhouse gas emissions have reached critical levels and climate change is threatening the globe. Thus, the space heating and cooling sector is striving to decarbonize assets through higher efficiency and renewable energy adoption for 2030 and 2050. This article reviewed data about the environmental impact and the primary energy consumption of 27 space heating and cooling technologies for the residential sector as if they were adopted in 11 different European member states: Austria, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, Spain, and Sweden. Direct emissions from the machineries and upstream indirect emissions from the energy carriers were considered. The analysis indicates that the adoption of renewable energy-powered technologies should be prioritized due to the significantly lower emissions related to these technologies. Notably, the emissions of electricity-powered technologies, if not driven by the direct self-consumption of renewable energy systems, highly depend on the region of adoption: in specific cases, such as in Poland, Cyprus, and Estonia, they can even exceed the emissions of coal-powered technologies. These countries should speed up the adoption of decarbonization policies regarding the residential sector to close the gap with the other EU member states and provide their contribution to the EU climate change goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy and Cooling Systems: Technologies, Market and Sustainable Development)
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