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ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2026) | Viewed by 39986

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Business & Economics, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Interests: digital marketing; social media marketing; business; management; marketing; B2B; e-commerce; Islamic marketing; tourism
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Guest Editor
School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, City Centre Campus, Millennium Point, Birmingham B4 7XG, UK
Interests: digital technologies; business management; health and safety; pedagogical research in higher education; construction management; plant and machinery management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Institute of Business Studies and Leadership (IBL), Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
Interests: market orientation; SMEs business performance; e-marketing; adoption theories

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing popularity of ESG (environmental, social, and governance) criteria in business reflects the evolving nature of the connections between corporations and the various societies in which they operate as well as the evolving nature of concerns related to corporate activities. ESG disclosure offers companies considerable opportunities to enhance their influence and reputation and reinforce public interest safeguards. The growing interest and influence of ESG are reflected in the need for more and better disclosures of ESG-related information. The current ESG information infrastructure, comprising, for the most part, voluntary disclosures supplemented by a growing number of proprietary databases and ratings, is seen as lacking in both quality and comparability. As such, the spotlight on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) metrics has grown considerably, partly because of increasing shareholder and stakeholder interest in sustainable business practices. Using ESG performance ratings alongside more traditional fundamental analysis has increased acceptance to promote a firm's better recognition of long-term risks and opportunities.

Given the importance of this topic, the aim of this journal issue is to provide complete reporting of the latest research concerning ESG investing and sustainable business. Examining such trends is an endeavour to create a significant and positive influence on sustainability and ESG investing by showing the various impacts of ESG investing on sustainability. This Special Issue will raise the consciousness of readers regarding ESG investing, its effects on sustainability, and its consistent consequences for the business domain. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to be a relevant contribution to the ESG research field, delivering remarkable impact and benefits for all related and interested parties.

Analysis of the existing literature concerning this field suggests a lack of systematic research within this area. This gap in the literature is surprising from several perspectives. First, the significance of the relationship between business and society for the world's largest companies is well recognized, and indeed, the relationship between companies and their stakeholders is a central theme both in corporate governance and in financial analysis, affecting, in particular, the valuation of companies. Second, other specialized groups of investors, such as private equity investors, have long argued that they can influence the performance of investee companies, materially improve their performance and, therefore, their stakeholder value. Third, governments have more recently become interested in the ability of listed companies to contribute to broader social objectives, partially stimulated by corporate lobbying over regulatory burdens, and have used such sentiments to grant listed companies favourable treatment in areas such as access to public pension fund capital. More surprisingly, there is a relatively thin direct exploration of the patterns and determinants of ESG performance that relate businesses to these broader social outcomes, particularly at the level of individual companies. Apart from studies examining the links with corporate social responsibility (CSR) more generally, relatively little is known about the specific contributions of the different dimensions—environmental, social, and governance—of business to society and, in turn, the impact of society on business. As such, it is clear that there is a real need to inspire additional investigations to provide additional related knowledge that will help to overcome existing gaps in this research area. 

Conseqeuntly, this SI will provide a base for the investigation of numerous serious research issues, tendencies, progresses, and subjects that signify essential gaps in the field. Accordingly, the SI will provide good coverage of topics that are related, but not limited, to ESG investing and performance impact on sustainability, sustainable behaviour, changes in business practices, ESG  reporting trends, green and socially responsible projects, etc.

Dr. Hatem El-Gohary
Prof. Dr. David John Edwards
Dr. Syed Mohsin Ali Shah
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ESG investing
  • ESG performance
  • ESG reporting
  • ESG risk management
  • ESG trends
  • sustainability
  • sustainability reporting
  • sustainable financial markets
  • green and socially responsible projects
  • sustainable business
  • responsible investment
  • environmental finance
  • sustainable behaviour

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 1614 KB  
Article
Signal or Noise? Readability and Signaling in the First Year of IFRS S2 Sustainability Reporting in an Emerging Market: Evidence from Türkiye
by Eda Oruç Erdoğan, Ozan Özdemir and Murat Erdoğan
Sustainability 2026, 18(6), 2895; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18062895 - 16 Mar 2026
Viewed by 526
Abstract
This study examines the first corporate disclosures issued under the IFRS Sustainability Standards, with full alignment to IFRS S2, using natural language processing and text mining techniques, and contributes evidence to an underexplored phase of sustainability reporting research. Focusing on an emerging market [...] Read more.
This study examines the first corporate disclosures issued under the IFRS Sustainability Standards, with full alignment to IFRS S2, using natural language processing and text mining techniques, and contributes evidence to an underexplored phase of sustainability reporting research. Focusing on an emerging market setting, the analysis covers the 2024 reports of 18 firms included in the Borsa Istanbul Sustainability 25 Index. The reports are evaluated through readability metrics (Flesch–Kincaid, Gunning Fog, and SMOG), conceptual concentration measures (TF–IDF), semantic proximity analysis (Cosine Similarity), and network-based methods. The findings indicate a strong degree of technical discipline and standard adherence in the first year of implementation, alongside a pronounced barrier to linguistic accessibility. Average Gunning Fog and Flesch–Kincaid scores of 18.94 and 14.90 suggest that meaningful interpretation of these disclosures requires advanced academic proficiency. The observed technical density reflects the detailed and standard-driven structure of IFRS-based sustainability reporting and points to a persistent tension between technical precision and interpretability, consistent with the Managerial Obfuscation perspective (H1). High levels of semantic overlap further indicate that, under conditions of reporting uncertainty, firms rely heavily on established disclosure patterns, reinforcing professional convergence through both coercive (regulatory alignment) and mimetic (uncertainty-driven emulation) isomorphism (H2). In contrast, distinct narrative configurations identified through principal component and network analyses are evaluated as potential credibility-enhancing signals within the framework of Signaling Theory (H3). Overall, IFRS Sustainability Standards reporting functions in emerging markets as a learning-oriented and strategically relevant disclosure mechanism that may potentially mitigate information asymmetry through its linguistic properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
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23 pages, 606 KB  
Article
Understanding ESG Adoption in SMEs: A Cross-Country Qualitative Study Using Activity Theory
by Pádraig Gallagher, Nuran Bayram Arlı, Aylin Poroy Arsoy and Úna Quinn
Sustainability 2026, 18(6), 2849; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18062849 - 13 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 974
Abstract
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a central role in economic development but face distinctive challenges in adopting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. While existing research identifies key drivers and barriers, there remains limited understanding of how SMEs navigate competing pressures and [...] Read more.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a central role in economic development but face distinctive challenges in adopting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. While existing research identifies key drivers and barriers, there remains limited understanding of how SMEs navigate competing pressures and implement ESG in practice across different institutional contexts. This study addresses this gap by examining ESG adoption in SMEs across Ireland, Germany, Poland, and Türkiye through the lens of Activity Theory (AT). Using a qualitative multiple-case design, we draw on semi-structured interviews with SME owner–managers, ESG experts, and vocational education and training (VET) stakeholders (N = 44). Findings show that ESG engagement in SMEs is shaped by leadership framing, resource constraints, and increasing external pressures from customers, regulators, and financial institutions. ESG practices are uneven across pillars, with environmental initiatives the most developed, social practices emerging, and governance largely limited to compliance. AT highlights how persistent contradictions, such as tensions between short-term survival and long-term sustainability, or between complex regulatory demands and limited organisational capacity, shape SME responses. When supported by appropriate mediating artefacts, including training, simplified frameworks, financial incentives, and networks, these contradictions can enable learning and more strategic ESG integration. Cross-country differences reflect variations in ecosystem maturity, which condition whether ESG engagement stabilises at compliance or develops toward operational and strategic integration. The study contributes a theory-driven, practice-based explanation of SME ESG adoption, including a typology of compliance-oriented, operational, and strategic engagement modes, and offers insights for policymakers, educators, and support organisations seeking to promote more effective and context-sensitive sustainable SME transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
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17 pages, 531 KB  
Article
The Influence of Sustainability Practices on Stock Performance: Evidence from Saudi-Listed Firms
by Ruzan Alluhidan and Jawaher Binsuwadan
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031463 - 2 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 839
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between sustainability performance, measured through environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators, and the stock performance of Saudi-listed firms from 2015 to 2022. The aim is to assess whether firms with higher ESG scores exhibit stronger stock returns within [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the relationship between sustainability performance, measured through environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators, and the stock performance of Saudi-listed firms from 2015 to 2022. The aim is to assess whether firms with higher ESG scores exhibit stronger stock returns within the Saudi market context. The analysis relies on panel data and employs pooled ordinary least squares, fixed-effects, and random-effects models to ensure a robust estimation. Across all specifications, the empirical results indicate a consistent positive association between ESG performance and stock returns, suggesting that sustainability-related practices are increasingly reflected in market valuations. The findings contribute to the expanding literature on sustainable finance in emerging markets by illustrating the developments within Saudi Arabia, a market undergoing rapid transformation under Vision 2030. This paper enhances understanding of the financial relevance of ESG performance in the region and offers timely insights for investors and market participants monitoring the integration of sustainability within Saudi Arabia’s capital market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
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15 pages, 568 KB  
Article
Sustainable Markets Under Geopolitical Stress: Do ESG Indices Outperform Technology Indices in Resilience?
by Maria Czech
Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010374 - 30 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1405
Abstract
In the face of growing geopolitical instability, an important question remains whether ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) indices are sensitive to geopolitical shocks and whether they can act as protective assets. The aim of the study was to empirically compare the STOXX [...] Read more.
In the face of growing geopolitical instability, an important question remains whether ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) indices are sensitive to geopolitical shocks and whether they can act as protective assets. The aim of the study was to empirically compare the STOXX Global ESG Leaders index with the response of the technology sector (Nasdaq 100 and Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX)) to changes in the geopolitical risk index (GPR). Monthly data from 2019 to 2025 were used, along with a procedure including Vector Autoregression (VAR) modeling, Impulse Response Function (IRF) analyses, the Johansen test, and Granger causality tests. The results indicate a lack of significant relationships between GPR and the analyzed indices in the short and long term: no cointegration was found, IRF responses were weak and quickly faded, and Granger tests did not demonstrate the predictive power of GPR for the analyzed markets. VAR forecasts additionally confirmed the stable trend, unrelated to GPR fluctuations. The results suggest that ESG indices are not directly affected by geopolitical shocks, which indicate their relative resilience. A similar response was observed for technological indices. The results may have practical implications for investors interested in sustainable investing while looking for stable assets in periods of global uncertainty. The results may be important for institutional investors in terms of portfolio stabilization functions during periods of increased geopolitical uncertainty, and for policymakers and market regulators in the context of designing frameworks supporting the stability of ESG markets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
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23 pages, 802 KB  
Article
ESG Scores and Corporate Performance in Emerging Markets: Evidence from E7 Countries
by Sibel Fettahoglu, Sule Allak and Burcu Ozcan Turkkan
Sustainability 2025, 17(19), 8936; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198936 - 9 Oct 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4238
Abstract
Considering not only financial indicators but also ESG scores in assessing success provides an integrated approach in the performance evaluation of companies. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of companies that are listed in the sustainability index of each [...] Read more.
Considering not only financial indicators but also ESG scores in assessing success provides an integrated approach in the performance evaluation of companies. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of companies that are listed in the sustainability index of each E7 country according to their ESG scores and financial ratios, and to make comparisons at both micro and country levels. Utilizing a decision tree approach, this research investigates how ESG scores and key financial ratios influence corporate performance (ROA, ROE, and ROS) among firms in the E7 emerging economies for the year 2023. The reflection of the 2023 economic outlook on companies also supports the results of the study. India exhibited the most consistent and positive ESG-performance relationships for the three financial indicators examined. Among the countries where the ESG score created a difference, in ROA analysis, Türkiye had the greatest difference. ESG scores had a negative contribution to the ROE performance of the companies in Türkiye, China, and Mexico. In the ROS analysis, the first level of differentiation of the decision tree was the inventory turnover ratio. The findings aim to provide valuable information to companies in the E7 countries on developing their current situations to turn into sustainability-focused strategies and improving their corporate performance. It also highlights the importance of ESG integration for policymakers in achieving sustainable development goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
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28 pages, 430 KB  
Article
The Strategic Role of Sustainable Finance in Corporate Reputation: A Signaling Theory Perspective
by Richard Arhinful, Leviticus Mensah, Halkawt Ismail Mohammed Amin, Hayford Asare Obeng and Bright Akwasi Gyamfi
Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5002; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115002 - 29 May 2025
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7147
Abstract
The United Kingdom has long been a frontrunner in green finance, establishing programs like the Green Finance Institute to promote corporate engagement in sustainable initiatives. The Green Finance Strategy, enacted in 2019, aligns UK financial procedures with international standards, including the EU taxonomy [...] Read more.
The United Kingdom has long been a frontrunner in green finance, establishing programs like the Green Finance Institute to promote corporate engagement in sustainable initiatives. The Green Finance Strategy, enacted in 2019, aligns UK financial procedures with international standards, including the EU taxonomy for sustainable Activities. The study examined how sustainable finance enhances the corporate reputation of the firms listed on the London Stock Exchange. A purposive sampling yielded 17 years of data from 143 non-financial companies from the Thomson Reuters Eikon DataStream between 2007 and 2023. In dealing with the issue of endogeneity and auto-serial correlation, the Generalized Methods of Movement (GMM) was employed to provide reliable and unbiased estimation results. The study revealed a positive impact of green bond issues, environmental expenditures, and policies for emission reduction on corporate reputation. The moderating relationship between green bond issues, environmental expenditures, and board diversity revealed a positive and significant relationship with corporate reputation. Managers should ensure that their endorsed activities gain public recognition and align with sustainability goals, particularly by emphasizing the issuance of green bonds in their financing strategy. They should also collaborate with environmental experts and stakeholders to ensure that the outcomes of funded projects are evaluated in line with international ESG standards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
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21 pages, 621 KB  
Article
Will Informal Institutions Affect ESG Rating Divergence? Evidence from Chinese Confucian Culture
by Yajuan Tian
Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 9951; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229951 - 14 Nov 2024
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3254
Abstract
As the concept of “dual carbon” deepens, the ESG rating system has emerged as a means of measuring corporate value and providing information for investment decisions. However, the standards set by different rating agencies vary, leading to discrepancies in ESG ratings. Confucian culture, [...] Read more.
As the concept of “dual carbon” deepens, the ESG rating system has emerged as a means of measuring corporate value and providing information for investment decisions. However, the standards set by different rating agencies vary, leading to discrepancies in ESG ratings. Confucian culture, as an informal institution, may indirectly influence these rating discrepancies by shaping corporate behavior. Therefore, this paper takes traditional culture as the starting point to explore the intrinsic relationship between Confucian culture and corporate ESG rating divergence, with the aim of providing empirical support for improving China’s ESG rating system. This study focuses on non-financial listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2010 to 2022, analyzing the relationship between the extent of Confucian cultural influence on companies and ESG rating divergence. The research findings indicate the following: (1) There is a positive correlation between Confucian culture and corporate ESG rating divergence. (2) The impact of Confucian culture on ESG rating divergence is significantly greater in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) than in non-state-owned enterprises. (3) This influence is more pronounced in highly polluting industries compared to non-highly polluting industries. (4) The effect is more significant in companies with older CEOs than younger CEOs. (5) This influence is more evident in companies required to disclose social responsibility information compared to those that do so voluntarily. After conducting a series of robustness checks, the conclusions of the paper remain robust. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
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23 pages, 956 KB  
Article
The Influence of Behavioral and ESG Drivers on Consumer Intentions for Online Fashion Renting: A Pathway Toward Sustainable Consumption in China’s Fashion Industry
by Bilal Ahmed, Hatem El-Gohary, Rukaiza Khan, Muhammad Asif Gul, Arif Hussain and Syed Mohsin Ali Shah
Sustainability 2024, 16(22), 9723; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229723 - 7 Nov 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4792
Abstract
As the fashion industry faces increasing scrutiny over its environmental impact, collaborative consumption models such as online fashion renting offer potential solutions for fostering sustainability. This study examines the role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors alongside behavioral drivers in shaping consumer [...] Read more.
As the fashion industry faces increasing scrutiny over its environmental impact, collaborative consumption models such as online fashion renting offer potential solutions for fostering sustainability. This study examines the role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors alongside behavioral drivers in shaping consumer intentions toward online fashion renting in China, a model of collaborative consumption that contributes to sustainability by reducing new product demand and promoting the reuse of fashion items. The data was gathered from 403 Chinese customers using a standardized questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the given study hypotheses. The current study empirically demonstrates that customers’ attitudes, past sustainable behavior, and subjective norms are significant indicators of consumers’ intentions toward online fashion renting. The results further indicate that relative advantage, compatibility, perceived ownership, psychological risk, green self-identity, and experience value are the key drivers of consumers’ attitudes toward online fashion renting. Additionally, the ESG factors were found to have a significant positive impact on consumer attitudes toward online fashion renting, underscoring their importance in driving sustainable consumption patterns. By integrating behavioral and ESG perspectives, the study contributes to the growing discourse on how sustainable consumption patterns can be encouraged within the fashion industry, offering theoretical and managerial implications for fostering sustainable behavior. Directions for future research are also suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
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26 pages, 355 KB  
Article
The Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure on the Performance of Saudi Arabian Companies: Evidence from the Top 100 Non-Financial Companies Listed on Tadawul
by Maha Abu Hussain, Maha Faisal Alsayegh and Helmi A. Boshnak
Sustainability 2024, 16(17), 7660; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177660 - 3 Sep 2024
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 9657
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure and the performance of Saudi Arabian companies. We analysed panel data from the 100 non-financial companies listed on the Saudi stock exchange (Tadawul) from 2017 to 2022. Using fixed effects, random [...] Read more.
This study investigated the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure and the performance of Saudi Arabian companies. We analysed panel data from the 100 non-financial companies listed on the Saudi stock exchange (Tadawul) from 2017 to 2022. Using fixed effects, random effects, and generalised method of moments (GMM) models to account for endogeneity concerns, we examined the impact of ESG disclosure on the return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q. An ESG index was constructed through a principal component analysis of individual environmental, social, and governance scores. Our results indicate a significant positive relationship between ESG disclosure and companies’ key performance variables across all models. These findings are consistent with stakeholder theory and signalling theory, suggesting that comprehensive ESG practices can lead to better financial performance and serve as a positive signal to stakeholders. The study also reveals sector-specific differences, with non-manufacturing firms showing stronger positive relationships between ESG disclosure and performance measures compared to manufacturing firms. Additionally, we find that firm size, age, and liquidity are important factors influencing the ESG–performance relationship. This research contributes to the growing literature on ESG and corporate performance in emerging markets, offering valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and corporate practitioners in Saudi Arabia’s evolving sustainable business landscape. Our findings underscore the importance of ESG disclosure in driving sustainable and responsible business practices in the region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
20 pages, 990 KB  
Article
The Impact of Environmental Protection Tax on Green Innovation of Heavily Polluting Enterprises in China: A Mediating Role Based on ESG Performance
by Yihui Duan and Amir Rahbarimanesh
Sustainability 2024, 16(17), 7509; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177509 - 30 Aug 2024
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4518
Abstract
This article selects 2992 Chinese heavily polluting listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2014 to 2022 as research samples and conducts a natural experiment based on the implementation of the Environmental Protection Tax Law in 2018. The empirical study [...] Read more.
This article selects 2992 Chinese heavily polluting listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2014 to 2022 as research samples and conducts a natural experiment based on the implementation of the Environmental Protection Tax Law in 2018. The empirical study investigates the impact of the implementation of the Environmental Protection Tax Law on green innovation in heavily polluting enterprises using the difference-in-differences method. The research finds that the levy of environmental protection tax is beneficial for improving the level of corporate ESG performance, thereby enhancing the green innovation capability of heavily polluting enterprises. At the same time, the promotion of green innovation levels in heavily polluting enterprises by the Environmental Protection Tax Law mainly depends on strategic green innovation rather than substantive green innovation. Moreover, the impact of environmental protection tax on enterprises of different natures and scales varies significantly. Environmental protection taxes have notably enhanced green innovation levels more in state-owned enterprises than their non-state-owned counterparts. Similarly, large-scale enterprises have seen a more substantial increase in green innovation due to environmental protection taxes than smaller enterprises. In addition, corporate ESG performance plays a mediating role in the impact of environmental protection taxes on green innovation in heavily polluting enterprises. From the dual perspectives of environmental protection taxes and corporate ESG performance, this paper proposes ideas for the improvement of green innovation levels in heavily polluting enterprises. At the same time, it provides empirical evidence for the economic consequences of environmental protection taxes and corporate ESG performance and suggests that enterprises improve their green innovation system and enhance the quality of ESG information disclosure. The government is improving the system of environmental taxation and ESG information disclosure, enhancing public awareness of environmental protection, and exercising supervision over energy supply. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG Investing for Sustainable Business: Exploring the Future)
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