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Smart Sensors for Cardiac Health Monitoring
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Smart Sensors for Cardiac Health Monitoring

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Wearables".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 8250

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gaetano D. Gargiulo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Milperra, NSW 2214, Australia
Interests: biomedical signal processing; wearable and electrode-less physiological monitoring; brain–computer interface; biomedical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Emilio Andreozzi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21 80125 Napoli, Italy
Interests: cardiorespiratory monitoring; medical devices; wearable sensors; radiological image processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite the recent advances in the field of Medicine, biomedical engineering and wearable technologies, cardiovascular diseases still account for about 40% of hospitalizations. Unfortunately, many cardiovascular conditions develop slowly over the years and often manifest with associated co-morbidities that somehow contribute to hindering the underlying cardiovascular health issue (e.g., sleep disordered breathing). In addition, the development of many cardiovascular diseases is intimately linked to ageing, so their impact on national health services is increasing due to the progressive global ageing of the population.

This Special Issue is devoted to exploring new approaches, solutions and applications for cardiovascular monitoring, with particular emphasis on wearable sensors and electronics for continuous long-term monitoring aimed at reducing hospitalizations and improving patients’ quality of life, via precision and personalized medicine approaches.

We welcome contributions of original research papers, as well as comprehensive reviews (subject to editorial pre-approval). Possible topics include but are not limited to:

  • Wearable sensors for cardio-respiratory monitoring;
  • Smartphone-based monitoring of cardio-respiratory functions;
  • Multimodal sensing systems for cardio-respiratory monitoring;
  • Novel sensors powered by artificial intelligence;
  • Integrated systems for early detection of health degenerations;
  • Tele-monitoring and tele-health systems to monitor chronic patients;
  • Systems and methods for precision and personalized medicine in cardiac diseases;
  • Novel algorithms to improve signal quality in wearable sensors signals;
  • Processing methods to real-time extraction of parameters and features of clinical relevance.

Prof. Dr. Gaetano D. Gargiulo
Dr. Emilio Andreozzi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1665 KiB  
Article
Novel Multicomponent Digital Care Assistant and Support Program for People After Stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack: A Pilot Feasibility Study
by Liam P. Allan, David Silvera-Tawil, Jan Cameron, Jane Li, Marlien Varnfield, Vanessa Smallbon, Julia Bomke, Muideen T. Olaiya, Natasha A. Lannin and Dominique A. Cadilhac
Sensors 2024, 24(22), 7253; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24227253 - 13 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1541
Abstract
Evidence is increasing for digital health programs targeting the secondary prevention of stroke. We aimed to determine the feasibility of the novel Care Assistant and support Program for people after Stroke (CAPS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) by combining person-centred goal setting and [...] Read more.
Evidence is increasing for digital health programs targeting the secondary prevention of stroke. We aimed to determine the feasibility of the novel Care Assistant and support Program for people after Stroke (CAPS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) by combining person-centred goal setting and risk-factor monitoring through a web-based clinician portal, SMS messages, a mobile application (app), and a wearable device. We conducted a 12-week mixed-methods, open-label feasibility study. Participants (6 months–3 years after stroke or TIA, access to the internet via a smartphone/tablet) were recruited via the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry. Participants set one or two secondary prevention goals with a researcher and provided access and training in technology use. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, usability, acceptability, and satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included goal attainment, health outcomes, and program costs. Following 600 invitations, 58 responded, 34/36 (94%) eligible participants commenced the program (one withdrawal; 97% retention), and 10 were interviewed. Participants (27% female, 33% TIA) generally rated the usability of the mobile application as ‘Good’ to ‘Excellent’ (System Usability Scale). Most (94%) agreed the program helped with engagement in health self-monitoring. Overall, 52 goals were set, predominantly regarding exercise (21/52), which were the most frequently achieved (9/21). At 12 weeks, participants reported significant improvements (p < 0.05) in self-efficacy (Cohen’s d = 0.40), cardiovascular health (d = 0.71), and the mental health domain of the PROMIS GH (d = 0.63). CAPS was acceptable, with good retention and engagement of participants. Evaluation of this program in a randomised controlled trial is warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Cardiac Health Monitoring)
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15 pages, 5935 KiB  
Article
Customisable Silicone Vessels and Tissue Phantoms for In Vitro Photoplethysmography Investigations into Cardiovascular Disease
by Parmis Karimpour, Redjan Ferizoli, James M. May and Panicos A. Kyriacou
Sensors 2024, 24(5), 1681; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051681 - 5 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2177
Abstract
Age-related vessel deterioration leads to changes in the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels, notably stiffening of vessel walls, increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which accounts for 17.9 million global deaths annually. This study describes the fabrication [...] Read more.
Age-related vessel deterioration leads to changes in the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels, notably stiffening of vessel walls, increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which accounts for 17.9 million global deaths annually. This study describes the fabrication of custom-made silicon vessels with varying mechanical properties (arterial stiffness). The primary objective of this study was to explore how changes in silicone formulations influenced vessel properties and their correlation with features extracted from signals obtained from photoplethysmography (PPG) reflectance sensors in an in vitro setting. Through alterations in the silicone formulations, it was found that it is possible to create elastomers exhibiting an elasticity range of 0.2 MPa to 1.22 MPa. It was observed that altering vessel elasticity significantly impacted PPG signal morphology, particularly reducing amplitude with increasing vessel stiffness (p < 0.001). A p-value of 5.176 × 10−15 and 1.831 × 10−14 was reported in the red and infrared signals, respectively. It has been concluded in this study that a femoral artery can be recreated using the silicone material, with the addition of a softener to achieve the required mechanical properties. This research lays the foundation for future studies to replicate healthy and unhealthy vascular systems. Additional pathologies can be introduced by carefully adjusting the elastomer materials or incorporating geometrical features consistent with various CVDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Cardiac Health Monitoring)
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Review

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28 pages, 600 KiB  
Review
Overview of Respiratory Sensor Solutions to Support Patient Diagnosis and Monitoring
by Ilona Karpiel, Maciej Mysiński, Kamil Olesz and Marek Czerw
Sensors 2025, 25(4), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25041078 - 11 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 797
Abstract
Between 2018 and 2024, the global market has experienced significant advancements in sensor technologies for monitoring patients’ health conditions, which have demonstrated a pivotal role in diagnostics, treatment monitoring, and healthcare optimization. Progress in microelectronics, device miniaturization, and wireless communication technologies has facilitated [...] Read more.
Between 2018 and 2024, the global market has experienced significant advancements in sensor technologies for monitoring patients’ health conditions, which have demonstrated a pivotal role in diagnostics, treatment monitoring, and healthcare optimization. Progress in microelectronics, device miniaturization, and wireless communication technologies has facilitated the development of sophisticated sensors, including wearable devices such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, enabling the real-time monitoring of key health parameters. These devices are widely employed across clinical settings, nursing care, and daily life to collect critical data on vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. A systematic review of the developments within this period highlights the transformative potential of AI and IoT-based technologies in healthcare personalization, particularly in disease symptom prediction and public health management. Furthermore, innovative techniques such as respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) and millimeter-wave radar systems (mmTAA) have emerged as precise, non-contact solutions for respiratory monitoring, with applications spanning diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, and enhanced safety in daily life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Cardiac Health Monitoring)
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13 pages, 5095 KiB  
Review
The Use of Electrocardiogram Smartwatches in Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electrical Devices
by Marc Strik, Sylvain Ploux, Joske van der Zande, Anouk Velraeds, Leslie Fontagne, Michel Haïssaguerre and Pierre Bordachar
Sensors 2024, 24(2), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020527 - 15 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3168
Abstract
Unlimited access to ECGs using an over-the-counter smartwatch constitutes a real revolution for our discipline, and the application is rapidly expanding to include patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) such as pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). CIEDs require periodic evaluation [...] Read more.
Unlimited access to ECGs using an over-the-counter smartwatch constitutes a real revolution for our discipline, and the application is rapidly expanding to include patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) such as pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). CIEDs require periodic evaluation and adjustment by healthcare professionals. In addition, implanted patients often present with symptoms that may be related to their PMs or ICDs. An ECG smartwatch could reveal information about device functioning, confirm normal device function, or aid in the case of device troubleshooting. In this review, we delve into the available evidence surrounding smartwatches with ECG registration and their integration into the care of patients with implanted pacemakers and ICDs. We explore safety considerations and the benefits and limitations associated with these wearables, drawing on relevant studies and case series from our own experience. By analyzing the current landscape of this emerging technology, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview that facilitates informed decision-making for both healthcare professionals and patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Cardiac Health Monitoring)
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