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Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors
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Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 27906

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Iwona Grabowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biosensors, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
Interests: electrochemical biosensors; redox-active layers; medical diagnostics; analytical chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Katarzyna Kurzatkowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biosensors, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
Interests: electrochemical biosensors; redox-active layers; medical diagnostics; analytical chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Since the development of the first electrochemical biosensors for glucose detection in 1962 by Clark and Lyons, electrochemical biosensor technology has become one of most extensively studied disciplines in chemistry. Electrochemical biosensors are powerful analytical tools generally providing multiplex analysis, fast response, sensitivity, and specificity at low cost. New possibilities have opened up for electrochemical biosensors since 1990, with the discovery of “aptamers”—new artificial biological receptors with unique properties. Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that are isolated, in vitro, from a synthetic oligonucleotide library using the automated technique SELEX. Aptamers are able to bind their target with high affinity (ranging from nano- to picomolar level) and specificity. The analytes cover a wide range, from small molecules and proteins to complex structures like whole cells and viruses. Aptamers are characterized by numerous relevant properties suitable for electroanalytical applications, as follows: (1) highly efficient and reproducible chemical synthesis, (2) high-affinity binding capacity, (3) thermal and conformational stability, (4) easily controlled chemical modification, (5) a highly flexible structure, and (6) low cross-reactivity. Electrochemical aptasensors can be applied in several areas such as health (clinical diagnostic and therapeutic purposes), the food industry, and environmental monitoring.

We welcome submissions that expand the exciting filed of electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors by describing new developments in biosensors and their applications. We look forward to your participation in this Special Issue.

Dr.  Iwona Grabowska
Dr. Katarzyna Kurzątkowska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aptamers
  • electrochemical aptasensors
  • aptasensor design
  • clinical diagnostics
  • food analysis
  • environmental analysis

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1611 KiB  
Communication
An Amine-Reactive Phenazine Ethosulfate (arPES)—A Novel Redox Probe for Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensor
by Madoka Nagata, Jinhee Lee, Stephen Henley, Kazunori Ikebukuro and Koji Sode
Sensors 2022, 22(5), 1760; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051760 - 24 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3790
Abstract
Electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors (E-ABs) are attractive candidates for use in biomarker detection systems due to their sensitivity, rapid response, and design flexibility. There are only several redox probes that were employed previously for this application, and a combination of redox probes affords some [...] Read more.
Electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors (E-ABs) are attractive candidates for use in biomarker detection systems due to their sensitivity, rapid response, and design flexibility. There are only several redox probes that were employed previously for this application, and a combination of redox probes affords some advantages in target detection. Thus, it would be advantageous to study new redox probes in an E-AB system. In this study, we report the use of amine-reactive phenazine ethosulfate (arPES) for E-AB through its conjugation to the terminus of thrombin-binding aptamer. The constructed E-AB can detect thrombin by square-wave voltammetry (SWV), showing peak current at −0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl at pH 7, which differs from redox probes used previously for E-ABs. We also compared the characteristics of PES as a redox probe for E-AB to methylene blue (MB), which is widely used. arPES showed stable signal at physiological pH. Moreover, the pH profile of arPES modified thrombin-binding aptamer revealed the potential application of arPES for a simultaneous multianalyte detection system. This could be achieved using different aptamers with several redox probes in tandem that harbor various electrochemical peak potentials. Our findings present a great opportunity to improve the current standard of biological fluid monitoring using E-AB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors)
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14 pages, 3523 KiB  
Article
Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor
by Daria Rudewicz-Kowalczyk and Iwona Grabowska
Sensors 2021, 21(22), 7733; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227733 - 20 Nov 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3443
Abstract
An elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) can lead to the cardiovascular system-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and others. Therefore, fast, simple, and accurate methods for LDL detection are very desirable. In this work, the parameters characterizing the electrochemical immuno-and aptasensor for [...] Read more.
An elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) can lead to the cardiovascular system-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and others. Therefore, fast, simple, and accurate methods for LDL detection are very desirable. In this work, the parameters characterizing the electrochemical immuno-and aptasensor for detection of LDL have been compared for the first time. An immunosensor has been designed, for which the anti-apolipoprotein B-100 antibody was covalently attached to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on the surface of the gold electrode. In the case of an aptasensor, the gold electrode was modified in a mixture of ssDNA aptamer specific for LDL modified with –SH group and 6-mercaptohexanol. Square-wave voltammetry has been used for detection of LDL in PBS containing redox active marker, [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−. Our results show the linear dependence of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox signal changes on LDL concentration for both biosensors, in the range from 0.01 ng/mL to 1.0 ng/mL. The limit of detection was 0.31 and 0.25 ng/mL, for immuno- and aptasensor, respectively. Whereas slightly better selectivity toward human serum albumin (HSA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and malondialdehyde modified low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) has been observed for aptasensor. Moreover, the other components of human blood serum samples did not influence aptasensor sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors)
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Review

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19 pages, 3075 KiB  
Review
Advances in Design Strategies of Multiplex Electrochemical Aptasensors
by Iwona Grabowska, Maria Hepel and Katarzyna Kurzątkowska-Adaszyńska
Sensors 2022, 22(1), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010161 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4823
Abstract
In recent years, the need for simple, fast, and economical detection of food and environmental contaminants, and the necessity to monitor biomarkers of different diseases have considerably accelerated the development of biosensor technology. However, designing biosensors capable of simultaneous determination of two or [...] Read more.
In recent years, the need for simple, fast, and economical detection of food and environmental contaminants, and the necessity to monitor biomarkers of different diseases have considerably accelerated the development of biosensor technology. However, designing biosensors capable of simultaneous determination of two or more analytes in a single measurement, for example on a single working electrode in single solution, is still a great challenge. On the other hand, such analysis offers many advantages compared to single analyte tests, such as cost per test, labor, throughput, and convenience. Because of the high sensitivity and scalability of the electrochemical detection systems on the one hand and the specificity of aptamers on the other, the electrochemical aptasensors are considered to be highly effective devices for simultaneous detection of multiple-target analytes. In this review, we describe and evaluate multi-label approaches based on (1) metal quantum dots and metal ions, (2) redox labels, and (3) enzyme labels. We focus on recently developed strategies for multiplex sensing using electrochemical aptasensors. Furthermore, we emphasize the use of different nanomaterials in the construction of these aptasensors. Based on examples from the existing literature, we highlight recent applications of multiplexed detection platforms in clinical diagnostics, food control, and environmental monitoring. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the aptasensors developed so far, and debate possible challenges and prospects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors)
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41 pages, 2176 KiB  
Review
Design Strategies for Electrochemical Aptasensors for Cancer Diagnostic Devices
by Kamila Malecka, Edyta Mikuła and Elena E. Ferapontova
Sensors 2021, 21(3), 736; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030736 - 22 Jan 2021
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 7331
Abstract
Improved outcomes for many types of cancer achieved during recent years is due, among other factors, to the earlier detection of tumours and the greater availability of screening tests. With this, non-invasive, fast and accurate diagnostic devices for cancer diagnosis strongly improve the [...] Read more.
Improved outcomes for many types of cancer achieved during recent years is due, among other factors, to the earlier detection of tumours and the greater availability of screening tests. With this, non-invasive, fast and accurate diagnostic devices for cancer diagnosis strongly improve the quality of healthcare by delivering screening results in the most cost-effective and safe way. Biosensors for cancer diagnostics exploiting aptamers offer several important advantages over traditional antibodies-based assays, such as the in-vitro aptamer production, their inexpensive and easy chemical synthesis and modification, and excellent thermal stability. On the other hand, electrochemical biosensing approaches allow sensitive, accurate and inexpensive way of sensing, due to the rapid detection with lower costs, smaller equipment size and lower power requirements. This review presents an up-to-date assessment of the recent design strategies and analytical performance of the electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors for cancer diagnosis and their future perspectives in cancer diagnostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors)
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47 pages, 40541 KiB  
Review
From Small Molecules toward Whole Cells Detection: Application of Electrochemical Aptasensors in Modern Medical Diagnostics
by Robert Ziółkowski, Marta Jarczewska, Łukasz Górski and Elżbieta Malinowska
Sensors 2021, 21(3), 724; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030724 - 21 Jan 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 7194
Abstract
This paper focuses on the current state of art as well as on future trends in electrochemical aptasensors application in medical diagnostics. The origin of aptamers is presented along with the description of the process known as SELEX. This is followed by the [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the current state of art as well as on future trends in electrochemical aptasensors application in medical diagnostics. The origin of aptamers is presented along with the description of the process known as SELEX. This is followed by the description of the broad spectrum of aptamer-based sensors for the electrochemical detection of various diagnostically relevant analytes, including metal cations, abused drugs, neurotransmitters, cancer, cardiac and coagulation biomarkers, circulating tumor cells, and viruses. We described also possible future perspectives of aptasensors development. This concerns (i) the approaches to lowering the detection limit and improvement of the electrochemical aptasensors selectivity by application of the hybrid aptamer–antibody receptor layers and/or nanomaterials; and (ii) electrochemical aptasensors integration with more advanced microfluidic devices as user-friendly medical instruments for medical diagnostic of the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors)
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