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Electromagnetic Structures for Sensing Applications
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Electromagnetic Structures for Sensing Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 15266

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Boon-Chong Seet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
Interests: 5G wireless communications; antennas and radio frequency based sensors; smart textile and wearable technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue solicits original research and review articles on recent advances in the development of novel electromagnetic structures for sensing applications. Electromagnetic structures such as antennas, frequency selective surfaces, electromagnetic band gaps, and split ring resonators can function as sensors when their properties can be engineered to react to external stimuli, including physical, chemical, and biological stimuli. High sensing resolution often necessitates the use of electromagnetic waves of short wavelength. Thus, these structures tend to be designed for operating at the high frequency end of the spectrum ranging from microwaves to optical frequencies. These same structures can also perform or enhance the non-sensing function in sensors such as signal transmission and reception for radar and wireless sensors. Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Microwave/millimeter-wave antennas and arrays for sensing applications;
  • Optical frequency antennas and arrays for sensing applications;
  • Frequency selective surfaces for sensing applications;
  • Electromagnetic band gaps for sensing applications;
  • Split ring resonators for sensing applications.

The applications of interest include but not limited to:

  • Human physiological sensing;
  • Structural health monitoring;
  • Crop health monitoring;
  • Food safety analysis;
  • Medical imaging.
Dr. Boon-Chong Seet
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Electromagnetic
  • Sensor
  • Microwave
  • Millimeter-wave
  • Optical frequency
  • Antenna
  • Frequency selective surface
  • Electromagnetic bandgap
  • Split ring resonator

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 8517 KiB  
Article
Microwave-Based Subsurface Characterization through a Combined Finite Element and Variable Exponent Spaces Technique
by Valentina Schenone, Claudio Estatico, Gian Luigi Gragnani, Matteo Pastorino, Andrea Randazzo and Alessandro Fedeli
Sensors 2023, 23(1), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010167 - 24 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1190
Abstract
A microwave characterization technique to inspect subsurface scenarios is proposed and numerically assessed in this paper. The approach is based on a combination of finite element electromagnetic modeling and an inversion procedure in Lebesgue spaces with variable exponents. The former allows for description [...] Read more.
A microwave characterization technique to inspect subsurface scenarios is proposed and numerically assessed in this paper. The approach is based on a combination of finite element electromagnetic modeling and an inversion procedure in Lebesgue spaces with variable exponents. The former allows for description of the measurement system and subsurface scenario with high accuracy, while the latter exploits the adaptive definition of exponent function to achieve improved results in the regularized solution of the inverse scattering problem. The method has been assessed with numerical simulations regarding two-layered environments with both planar and non-planar air–soil interfaces. The results show the capabilities of the method of detecting buried objects in different operative conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Structures for Sensing Applications)
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13 pages, 3266 KiB  
Article
Development of Augmented-Reality-Based Magnetic Field Visualization System as an Educational Tool
by Hisahide Nakamura and Yukio Mizuno
Sensors 2022, 22(20), 8026; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22208026 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1609
Abstract
Electromagnetism is a difficult subject to learn because the phenomenon is not observed directly and does not have a perceivable, concrete image. The visualization of the phenomenon will greatly help beginners understand electromagnetics. This paper proposes an augmented-reality-based visualization system of the magnetic [...] Read more.
Electromagnetism is a difficult subject to learn because the phenomenon is not observed directly and does not have a perceivable, concrete image. The visualization of the phenomenon will greatly help beginners understand electromagnetics. This paper proposes an augmented-reality-based visualization system of the magnetic flux density around current-generating objects. The system can be realized with a portable magnetic field sensor and a familiar device—a smartphone. The effectiveness of the system is verified through experiments, and our findings suggest that the system can effectively help an operator gain an intuitive understanding of the magnetic flux density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Structures for Sensing Applications)
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16 pages, 10269 KiB  
Article
Software Defined Radio-Based Wireless Sensing System
by Yihan Xu, Reza K. Amineh, Ziqian Dong, Fang Li, Kayla Kirton and Michael Kohler
Sensors 2022, 22(17), 6455; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176455 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2370
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the application of using software-defined radio (SDR) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) device for wireless measurement of the response of in situ sensors. SDR uses software to realize different communication functions. After collecting the magnitude and phase of [...] Read more.
In this paper, we investigate the application of using software-defined radio (SDR) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) device for wireless measurement of the response of in situ sensors. SDR uses software to realize different communication functions. After collecting the magnitude and phase of the response at discrete frequencies, we apply inverse Fourier transform to analyze the time domain responses which, in turn, allows for monitoring the changes of the response of the in situ sensor. We employ microwave signal flow graph concepts to improve the quality of the received signals. Comparing the normalized results obtained by SDR with those obtained from a commercial vector network analyzer (VNA), we demonstrate that the results are sufficiently close, and the SDR-based experiments can provide satisfactory measurement of the in-situ sensors. The objective is to eventually employ this wireless measurement system for soil nutrient sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Structures for Sensing Applications)
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21 pages, 10354 KiB  
Article
24 GHz Flexible Antenna for Doppler Radar-Based Human Vital Signs Monitoring
by Nitin Kathuria and Boon-Chong Seet
Sensors 2021, 21(11), 3737; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113737 - 27 May 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4109
Abstract
Noncontact monitoring of human vital signs has been an emerging research topic in recent years. A key approach to this monitoring is the use of the Doppler radar concept which enables real-time vital signs detection, resulting in a new class of radar system [...] Read more.
Noncontact monitoring of human vital signs has been an emerging research topic in recent years. A key approach to this monitoring is the use of the Doppler radar concept which enables real-time vital signs detection, resulting in a new class of radar system known as bio-radar. The antennas are a key component of any bio-radar module and their designs should meet the common requirements of bio-radar applications such as high radiation directivity and mechanical flexibility. This paper presents the design of a four-element antenna array on a flexible liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate of 100 μm thickness and εr of 3.35. The designed antenna array can be used with a 24 GHz bio-radar for vital signs monitoring in a non-contact manner. It features a relatively compact size of 36.5 × 53 mm2 and measured gain of 5.81 dBi. The two vital signs: breathing rate (BR) and heart rate (HR) of two human subjects are detected with relatively good accuracy using the fabricated antenna array and radio frequency (RF) output power of −3 dBm from a distance of approximately 60 cm. The effect of bending on the antenna performance is also analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Structures for Sensing Applications)
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12 pages, 5934 KiB  
Communication
Electromagnetic Control by Actuating Kirigami-Inspired Shape Memory Alloy: Thermally Reconfigurable Antenna application
by Minjae Lee, Sukwon Lee and Sungjoon Lim
Sensors 2021, 21(9), 3026; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093026 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2479
Abstract
Electromagnetic responses are generally controlled electrically or optically. However, although electrical and optical control allows fast response, they suffer from switching or tuning range limitations. This paper controls electromagnetic response by mechanical transformation. We introduce a novel kirigami-inspired structure for mechanical transformation with [...] Read more.
Electromagnetic responses are generally controlled electrically or optically. However, although electrical and optical control allows fast response, they suffer from switching or tuning range limitations. This paper controls electromagnetic response by mechanical transformation. We introduce a novel kirigami-inspired structure for mechanical transformation with less strength, integrating a shape memory alloy actuator into the kirigami-inspired for mechanical transformation and hence electromagnetic control. The proposed approach was implemented for a reconfigurable antenna designed based on structural and electromagnetic analyses. The mechanical transformation was analyzed with thermal stimulus to predict the antenna geometry and electromagnetic analysis with different geometries predicted antenna performance. We numerically and experimentally verified that resonance response was thermally controlled using the kirigami-inspired antenna integrated with a shape memory alloy actuator. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Structures for Sensing Applications)
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Review

Jump to: Research

31 pages, 17410 KiB  
Review
Eddy Current Measurement for Planar Structures
by Zihan Xia, Ruochen Huang, Ziqi Chen, Kuohai Yu, Zhijie Zhang, Jorge Ricardo Salas-Avila and Wuliang Yin
Sensors 2022, 22(22), 8695; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228695 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2213
Abstract
Eddy current (EC) testing has become one of the most common techniques for measuring metallic planar structures in various industrial scenarios such as infrastructures, automotive, manufacturing, and chemical engineering. There has been significant progress in measuring the geometry, electromagnetic properties, and defects of [...] Read more.
Eddy current (EC) testing has become one of the most common techniques for measuring metallic planar structures in various industrial scenarios such as infrastructures, automotive, manufacturing, and chemical engineering. There has been significant progress in measuring the geometry, electromagnetic properties, and defects of metallic planar structures based on electromagnetic principles. In this review, we summarize recent developments in EC computational models, systems, algorithms, and measurement approaches for planar structures. First, the computational models including analytical models, numerical methods, and plate property estimation algorithms are introduced. Subsequently, the impedance measurement system and probes are presented. In plate measurements, sensor signals are sensitive to probe lift-off, and various algorithms for reducing the lift-off effect are reviewed. These approaches can be used for measureing thickness and electromagnetic properties. Furthermore, defect detection for metallic plates is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Structures for Sensing Applications)
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