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Processes
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Green Chemistry: Synthesis Process in Micro Reactors
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Green Chemistry: Synthesis Process in Micro Reactors

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 22139

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ho-Shing Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
Interests: catalytic reaction; polymer recycling; biochemical engineering; process design using ASPEN
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microreactors have proven indispensable to many fields of research ranging from catalysis to cellular biology and shown great potentials in intensifying reaction processes in comparison to conventional reactors. The improved mass transfer can lead to enhanced reaction rates (e.g., in the presence of multiphase fluids or solid catalysts). The heat transfer enhancement avoids the presence of temperature hot spots due to the local accumulation of reaction heat in the microreactor. Much less chemical waste or exposure to hazardous/toxic compounds is created at aggressive conditions. The modular, flexible, and compact microreactor design allows an easy upscaling from the laboratory to the industrial scale aiming at mass production, and from microreactor design to microreactor process design, a field that requires corresponding engineering skills. This technology, already having shown a broad variety of facets concerning different applications, has now reached the field of downstream processing to influence industrial pilot and even production processing. This Special Issue focuses on the original scientific papers describing new devices, methodologies and application, e.g., biotechnologies, to face the challenge in design, fabrication, process-specific standardization, and scalability up to the industrial level of microreactors.

Prof. Dr. Ho-Shing Wu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Catalytic coating
  • Fabrication technology
  • Modelling
  • Multiphase reaction
  • Scale up
  • Temperature distribution

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 6502 KiB  
Article
Batch Mode Reactor for 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid Degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
by Rafał Madaj, Witold Sroczyński, Michał Sójka, Tomasz P. Olejnik and Elżbieta Sobiecka
Processes 2021, 9(1), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9010105 - 6 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2891
Abstract
A new batch mode reactor was constructed to conduct continuous biodegradation of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Various types of matrices with immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium were immersed in a solution containing pollutant and mineral nutrients. Three parameters were chosen to optimize the process. The nitrate and [...] Read more.
A new batch mode reactor was constructed to conduct continuous biodegradation of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Various types of matrices with immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium were immersed in a solution containing pollutant and mineral nutrients. Three parameters were chosen to optimize the process. The nitrate and nitrite ions concentrations and HPLC analysis were used to prove the biodegradation of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, and the mixed effects model using one-factor ANOVA was used for statistical calculations. The results showed the correlation between the initial pH, a medium composition, and the process time. In pH = 6.5, the degradation effectiveness was estimated at 99% decrease in the substrate within 14 days, while an 80% decrease of acid concentration was indicated in pH = 3.5 after 28 days of the process duration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Chemistry: Synthesis Process in Micro Reactors)
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16 pages, 3347 KiB  
Article
Metal Chlorides Grafted on SAPO-5 (MClx/SAPO-5) as Reusable and Superior Catalysts for Acylation of 2-Methylfuran Under Non-Microwave Instant Heating Condition
by Ismail Alhassan Auwal, Ka-Lun Wong, Tau Chuan Ling, Boon Seng Ooi and Eng-Poh Ng
Processes 2020, 8(5), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8050603 - 19 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4006
Abstract
Highly active metal chlorides grafted on silicoaluminophosphate number 5, MClx/SAPO-5 (M = Cu, Co, Sn, Fe and Zn) catalysts via simple grafting of respective metal chlorides (MClx) onto SAPO-5 are reported. The study shows that thermochemical treatment after grafting [...] Read more.
Highly active metal chlorides grafted on silicoaluminophosphate number 5, MClx/SAPO-5 (M = Cu, Co, Sn, Fe and Zn) catalysts via simple grafting of respective metal chlorides (MClx) onto SAPO-5 are reported. The study shows that thermochemical treatment after grafting is essential to ensure the formation of chemical bondings between MClx and SAPO-5. In addition, the microscopy, XRD and nitrogen adsorption analyses reveal the homogeneous distribution of MClx species on the SAPO-5 surface. Furthermore, the elemental microanalysis confirms the formation of Si–O–M covalent bonds in ZnClx/SAPO-5, SnClx/SAPO-5 and FeClx/SAPO-5 whereas only dative bondings are formed in CoClx/SAPO-5 and CuClx/SAPO-5. The acidity of MClx/SAPO-5 is also affected by the type of metal chloride grafted. Thus, their catalytic behavior is evaluated in the acid-catalyzed acylation of 2-methylfuran under novel non-microwave instant heating conditions (90–110 °C, 0–20 min). ZnClx/SAPO-5, which has the largest amount of acidity (mainly Lewis acid sites), exhibits the best catalytic performance (94.5% conversion, 100% selective to 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran) among the MClx/SAPO-5 solids. Furthermore, the MClx/SAPO-5 solids, particularly SnClx/SAPO-5, FeClx/SAPO-5 and ZnClx/SAPO-5, also show more superior catalytic performance than common homogeneous acid catalysts (H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH, FeCl3, ZnCl2) with higher reactant conversion and catalyst reusability, thus offering a promising alternative for the replacement of hazardous homogeneous catalysts in Friedel–Crafts reactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Chemistry: Synthesis Process in Micro Reactors)
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Review

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32 pages, 1942 KiB  
Review
Design, Fundamental Principles of Fabrication and Applications of Microreactors
by Adama A. Bojang and Ho-Shing Wu
Processes 2020, 8(8), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080891 - 25 Jul 2020
Cited by 58 | Viewed by 13985
Abstract
This study highlights the development of small-scale reactors, in the form of microstructures with microchannel networking. Microreactors have achieved an impressive reputation, regarding chemical synthesis ability and their applications in the engineering, pharmaceutical, and biological fields. This review elaborates on the fabrication, construction, [...] Read more.
This study highlights the development of small-scale reactors, in the form of microstructures with microchannel networking. Microreactors have achieved an impressive reputation, regarding chemical synthesis ability and their applications in the engineering, pharmaceutical, and biological fields. This review elaborates on the fabrication, construction, and schematic fundamentals in the design of the microreactors and microchannels. The materials used in the fabrication or construction of the microreactors include silicon, polymer, and glass. A general review of the application of microreactors in medical, biological, and engineering fields is carried out and significant improvements in these areas are reported. Finally, we highlight the flow patterns, mixing, and scaling-up of multiphase microreactor developments, with emphasis on the more significant industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Chemistry: Synthesis Process in Micro Reactors)
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