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Processes
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Design, Control, Modeling and Simulation of Energy Converters
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Design, Control, Modeling and Simulation of Energy Converters

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 September 2026 | Viewed by 3409

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Leobardo Hernandez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Unidad Culhuacan, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Santa Ana No. 1000, Col. San Francisco Culhucan, Mexico City 04430, Mexico
Interests: power electronics; power converters; DC-DC converters; multilevel converters; DC-AC converters; semiconductor device modeling; wireless power transfer
Prof. Dr. Jazmin Ramirez-Hernandez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Unidad Culhuacan, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Santa Ana No. 1000, Col. San Francisco Culhucan, Mexico City 04430, Mexico
Interests: power electronics; power converters; DC-DC converters; multilevel converters; AC-DC converters; DC-AC converters; SVPWM controllers; model predictive control; artificial neural network controllers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the increasing development of energy conversion systems with diverse technological applications (such as electromobility, sustainable energy and highly energy-efficient systems, among others), the design, control, modelling and simulation of power converters are becoming additional interests in all energy conversion processes. Moreover, they allow us to achieve high energy efficiency and operational reliability.

Some of the characteristics of the modelling and simulation of power systems prior to their design is the ability to have a rigorous theoretical analysis and solid simulations. These enable us to foresee stress situations in components integrating the whole system in a laboratory and/or applications in industry.

This Special Issue on the “Design, Control, Modeling and Simulation of Energy Converters” aims to cover the recent advances in the development and application of power converters. Topics include, but are not limited to, methods and/or applications in the following areas:

  • Energy engineering;
  • Solar energy;
  • Photovoltaics;
  • Power converter;
  • Power generation;
  • Energy storage;
  • Fuel cell;
  • Renewable energy;
  • Solar energy.

Prof. Dr. Leobardo Hernandez
Prof. Dr. Jazmin Ramirez-Hernandez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • converter energy
  • modeling
  • converter simulation
  • design
  • power generation
  • renewable energy
  • device modeling

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3231 KB  
Article
An Analytical Model for DC-Link Capacitor Ripple Current in Multi-Phase H-Bridge Inverters
by Bo Wang and Huiying Tang
Processes 2026, 14(7), 1059; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14071059 - 26 Mar 2026
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Ripple currents on the direct current (DC) bus in variable frequency drive (VFD) systems originate from motor load current fluctuations and the high-frequency switching of power devices. The resulting Joule heating within the DC-link capacitors is a primary driver of lifespan degradation. To [...] Read more.
Ripple currents on the direct current (DC) bus in variable frequency drive (VFD) systems originate from motor load current fluctuations and the high-frequency switching of power devices. The resulting Joule heating within the DC-link capacitors is a primary driver of lifespan degradation. To address the lack of systematic models for multi-phase H-bridge inverters and the over-design caused by empirical methods, this paper proposes a novel analytical method that incorporates the 2kπ/N phase difference of parallel units for precise ripple current quantification. First, a dynamic DC-link capacitor model is established based on a single-phase H-bridge inverter, and the expressions for the instantaneous, average, and root mean square (RMS) input currents are derived. Furthermore, by introducing the 2kπ/N phase difference (where k = 0, 1, …, N − 1) among N parallel H-bridge units, a universal analytical expression for the RMS input current and its harmonic spectrum in a multi-phase system is obtained. The analysis reveals that ripple current harmonics concentrate at 2m × fsw (where m is a positive integer and fsw is switching frequency) and their sidebands (2m × fsw ± fo, fo is output fundamental frequency), and the coupling influence of modulation index and power factor angle on ripple amplitude is quantitatively characterized. A 12 × 160 kW twelve-phase H-bridge inverter is taken as a case study, and MATLAB (v2023b) simulations and hardware experiments demonstrate that the theoretical calculations are in close agreement with the simulated and measured results, with the errors of input current harmonic amplitudes all below 5%. Compared with traditional empirical design, the proposed method reduces the capacitor volume and cost by approximately 15–20% while ensuring system reliability. This method is directly extensible to other multi-phase inverter topologies, providing a theoretical foundation for the accurate selection of DC-link capacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Control, Modeling and Simulation of Energy Converters)
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20 pages, 24468 KB  
Article
Reduced-Switch Active Power Filter with Modified One-Cycle Control for Non-Ideal Voltage Conditions
by Honglan Pei, Wenna Zhang, Wenqiang Zhang, Lidong Wang and Lei Wang
Processes 2026, 14(5), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14050733 - 24 Feb 2026
Viewed by 293
Abstract
With the evolution of new power systems, harmonic sources in distribution networks have become increasingly dispersed, thus requiring lower-cost harmonic mitigation devices suitable for large-scale deployment. With its simple control architecture, the one-cycle controlled active power filter (APF) is better adapted to meet [...] Read more.
With the evolution of new power systems, harmonic sources in distribution networks have become increasingly dispersed, thus requiring lower-cost harmonic mitigation devices suitable for large-scale deployment. With its simple control architecture, the one-cycle controlled active power filter (APF) is better adapted to meet the aforementioned requirements. That said, under non-ideal voltage conditions like voltage distortion or unbalance, the compensating target current of the APF that relies on traditional one-cycle control (OCC) will undergo distortion as well, resulting in a substantial reduction in the compensation effect. This paper introduces a modified OCC method based on a positive-sequence filter, which allows for the control of a reduced-switch three-phase APF. This control method eliminates the negative sequence and harmonic components in the target current of the APF, and makes the compensated current maintain a good sinusoidal waveform. A one-cycle control equation applied to the reduced-switch APF was derived. The modified one-cycle control method allows the active filter to retain a favorable compensation effect when operating under non-ideal voltage conditions. Meanwhile, it preserves the inherent advantages of traditional one-cycle control, including the elimination of a phase-locked loop (PLL), a fixed switching frequency, and a straightforward control structure. Finally, an APF simulation model and a dSPACE-based APF experimental circuit were built to verify the proposed control method. In simulation, with the adoption of the modified OCC, the THD of the current was reduced from 8.25% before improvement to 3.79% after improvement. In experiments, according to the spectrum analysis function of the oscilloscope, the third-order current harmonic caused by voltage distortion was decreased from 500 mA to 100 mA, representing a reduction of 80%. Both simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed modified one-cycle control method can effectively solve the problem that control performance is susceptible to voltage quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Control, Modeling and Simulation of Energy Converters)
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27 pages, 9713 KB  
Article
Hybrid Droop-Enhanced Virtual Impedance Control for Circulating Current Mitigation and Power Balancing in Parallel SiC Three-Phase Inverters
by Chaoyang Zhang, Zhengcong Du, Yipu Xu, Yi Shi and Fuyuan You
Processes 2025, 13(12), 4066; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13124066 - 16 Dec 2025
Viewed by 539
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) three-phase converters are widely adopted in parallel power distribution systems for their high efficiency, yet their performance is challenged by high switching frequency and communication constraints. For the parallel inverter system, problems such as uneven power distribution and circulating current [...] Read more.
Silicon carbide (SiC) three-phase converters are widely adopted in parallel power distribution systems for their high efficiency, yet their performance is challenged by high switching frequency and communication constraints. For the parallel inverter system, problems such as uneven power distribution and circulating current may occur. Therefore, the droop control method was proposed. The droop control method is limited in precise power sharing and circulating current mitigation. To address these issues in the communication-free parallel inverter system, a hybrid droop-enhanced virtual impedance method is proposed. The methodology integrates droop characteristics with frequency-selective virtual impedance compensation, enabling concurrent optimization of power sharing and circulating current suppression. Through simulation, the droop control method and the improved droop control method were compared and analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved droop control method was verified through experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Control, Modeling and Simulation of Energy Converters)
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17 pages, 984 KB  
Article
Optimizing Wind Turbine Blade Manufacturing Using Single-Minute Exchange of Die and Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling
by Gonca Tuncel, Gokalp Yildiz, Nigar Akcal and Gulsen Korkmaz
Processes 2025, 13(7), 2208; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072208 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1700
Abstract
This paper aims to enhance operational efficiency in the labor-intensive production of composite wind turbine blades, which are critical components of renewable energy systems. The study was conducted at a wind energy facility in Türkiye, integrating the Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) methodology [...] Read more.
This paper aims to enhance operational efficiency in the labor-intensive production of composite wind turbine blades, which are critical components of renewable energy systems. The study was conducted at a wind energy facility in Türkiye, integrating the Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) methodology with a Multi-Mode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (MRCPSP) model to reduce production cycle time and optimize labor utilization. An operational time analysis was used to identify and classify non-value-adding activities. SMED principles were then adapted to the fixed-position manufacturing environment, enabling the conversion of internal setup activities into external ones and facilitating task parallelization. These improvements significantly increased productivity and labor efficiency. Subsequently, a scheduling model was developed to optimize the sequence of operations while accounting for activity precedence and resource constraints. As a result, the proposed approach reduced cycle time by 28.6% and increased average labor utilization from 68% to 87%. Scenario analyses confirmed the robustness of the model under varying levels of workforce availability. The findings demonstrate that integrating lean manufacturing techniques with optimization-based scheduling can yield substantial efficiency gains without requiring major capital investment. Moreover, the proposed approach offers practical insights into workforce planning and production scheduling in renewable energy manufacturing environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Control, Modeling and Simulation of Energy Converters)
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