Technologies for Production, Processing, and Extraction of Natural Products, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 772

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural bioactive compounds encompass a plethora of structures and functionalities, providing a reliable source of molecules for the production of nutraceuticals, functional foods, and food additives. Furthermore, they have demonstrated significant market potential for industrial applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. These compounds, which are produced and recovered from various biological sources (such as fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants, wastes, and byproducts), can be found in nature either at high concentration (i.e., polyphenols) or at very low levels, such that massive harvesting is needed to obtain sufficient amounts. In fact, the structural diversity and complexity of these substances make chemical synthesis unprofitable. The development of advanced technologies has been fundamental to overcoming the inherent difficulties in screening and producing these compounds. Traditionally, they are extracted using conventional liquid–liquid or solid–liquid extraction techniques; however, this approach is associated with negative thermal influences on extraction yield and quality, as well as a significant expenditure of organic solvents and energy. In addition, with the growing consumer demand for greener alternatives that do not involve toxic chemicals, as well as the industry’s concerns around sustainable, nontoxic extraction methods, the applications of novel extraction technologies (including, for instance, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction, as well as their combination) are becoming more and more widespread.

This Special Issue of the journal Processes, entitled “Technologies for Production, Processing, and Extraction of Natural Products, 3rd Edition” aims to group original research and review articles about the setting and optimization of production and processing strategies, as well as conventional and innovative extraction technologies of natural compounds.

Dr. Pasquale Crupi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • natural product chemistry
  • biological sources
  • leftovers
  • production methods
  • processing
  • non-conventional extractions
  • methods of analysis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1401 KB  
Article
Kinetics of Luteolin Extraction from Peanut Shells and Reseda luteola for Potential Applications as a Biofunctional Ingredient
by Efstratios Episkopou, Dimitrios Tsimogiannis, Maria Giannakourou and Petros Taoukis
Processes 2025, 13(9), 3009; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13093009 - 21 Sep 2025
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Abstract
This study investigates the extraction kinetics of luteolin, a bioactive flavonoid with recognized antioxidant and health-promoting properties, from the aerial parts of Reseda luteola (dyer’s weld), with emphasis on its industrial potential. A comparative analysis with peanut shells (Arachis hypogea) identified [...] Read more.
This study investigates the extraction kinetics of luteolin, a bioactive flavonoid with recognized antioxidant and health-promoting properties, from the aerial parts of Reseda luteola (dyer’s weld), with emphasis on its industrial potential. A comparative analysis with peanut shells (Arachis hypogea) identified R. luteola as a superior source, containing 14 ± 3 mg of LUT/g of material, approximately eight times higher than the amount in peanut shells. Luteolin occurred predominantly as luteolin-7-O-glycoside (57%) and the aglycone (35%). Methanolic semi-batch extraction at 25 °C yielded 9.6 mg LUT/g (70%) within 60 min at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:9, demonstrating significantly greater solvent efficiency than conventional Soxhlet or maceration techniques. Kinetic modeling, based on Fick’s second law, revealed a biphasic process with a low rate constant ratio (3:1) between the two stages, indicating the need for process optimization. These results establish R. luteola as a cost-effective and sustainable source of luteolin for dietary supplements and functional foods, while indicating the need to explore alternative solvents and advanced extraction methods to further optimize yield and efficiency. Full article
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21 pages, 1521 KB  
Article
Recovery of Carotenoids via Novel Extraction Technologies for the Valorization of Tomato By-Products
by Athina Ntzimani, Maria Tsevdou, Maria Katsouli, Ioanna Thanou, Dimitrios Tsimogiannis, Maria Giannakourou and Petros Taoukis
Processes 2025, 13(9), 2964; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092964 - 17 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Tomato processing residues—including peels, seeds, and pomace—are rich in bioactive compounds, such as lycopene, β-carotene, cutin, pectin, and antioxidants, yet are often underutilized. This study evaluates microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and high-pressure-assisted extraction (HPAE) for the recovery of carotenoids from TP, compared to [...] Read more.
Tomato processing residues—including peels, seeds, and pomace—are rich in bioactive compounds, such as lycopene, β-carotene, cutin, pectin, and antioxidants, yet are often underutilized. This study evaluates microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and high-pressure-assisted extraction (HPAE) for the recovery of carotenoids from TP, compared to conventional extraction (CE) using ethyl acetate. Optimal MAE conditions (150 W, 50 °C, 20 min, solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 g/mL) yielded 592.5 mg carotenoids/kg dry weight (dw), exceeding CE yields (505.3 mg/kg dw), while significantly reducing extraction time (20 min vs. 120 min). By contrast, direct HPAE (650 MPa, ambient temperature, solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 g/mL) resulted in lower carotenoid yields (ca. 84 mg/kg dw), but when used as a pre-treatment followed by stirring for 24 h, HPAE enhanced carotenoids extractability to 277.0 mg/kg dw, recovering 55% of carotenoids extracted by CE. Bioaccessibility studies showed low lycopene bioaccessibility across all methods (3.9% for HPAE, 3.4% for MAE, and 1.6% for CE). Incorporation into oils significantly improved bioaccessibility, with olive pomace oil (OPO) achieving 28.1%, compared to 8.1% in corn oil (CO). Overall, MAE and HPAE (as pre-treatment) present efficient strategies that reduce solvent usage and processing time, though they still rely on organic solvents, while strategies to enhance bioaccessibility should further be explored for effective functional ingredient development. Full article
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