Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Its Engineering Applications

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Particle Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 1475

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: granular flow; multiphase flow; heat/mass transfer; process intensification; discrete element method (DEM); computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Granular materials are ubiquitous in a variety of industries. Owing to the discrete nature of their component particles and the dissipative characteristics of particle interactions, granular materials can exhibit intricate flow and mechanical behaviors. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the complex macroscopic dynamic response characteristics and the underlying mechanisms is crucial for the optimal design and safe operation of devices that handle granular materials.

With the rapid advancement of computational capabilities and parallel algorithms, the discrete element method (DEM) has been extensively utilized across a range of industries to explore both fundamental and engineering issues related to granular materials. The strength of DEM lies in its capacity to elucidate the complex macroscopic response of granular assembles from a particle-scale perspective by directly incorporating particle properties. Despite its widespread adoption in both fundamental and engineering research communities, DEM simulations still face challenges, such as computational efficiency, contact force models, and the representation of real particle morphology.

This Special Issue aims to publish original scientific research and review articles devoted to the development of DEM and its application in simulating engineering processes. The list of topics given below provides a summary of this Issue. The list is illustrative, and the contributions are not restricted to these topics:

  • Models and algorithms;
  • Integration of DEM with other methodologies;
  • Rheology of Granular flows;
  • Mixing, packing, and transportation of granules.

Prof. Dr. Xiaoxing Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • discrete element method (DEM)
  • granular materials
  • particle-scale mechanics
  • contact force models
  • particle morphology
  • DEM development
  • engineering processes
  • multiscale modeling
  • granular rheology
  • particle mixing
  • particle packing
  • particle transportation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4281 KB  
Article
Effect of Front and Rear Walls on Granular Flow Characteristics During Silo Discharge
by Yiyang Hu, Yingyi Chen, Xiaodong Yang, Hui Guo, Yan Gao, Chang Su and Xiaoxing Liu
Processes 2026, 14(7), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14071062 - 26 Mar 2026
Viewed by 404
Abstract
This work investigated the influence of thickness-direction boundary conditions on the flow characteristics of granular material in a quasi-two-dimensional silo using the discrete element method (DEM). Two types of boundary conditions were considered in the thickness direction: wall conditions and periodic boundary conditions. [...] Read more.
This work investigated the influence of thickness-direction boundary conditions on the flow characteristics of granular material in a quasi-two-dimensional silo using the discrete element method (DEM). Two types of boundary conditions were considered in the thickness direction: wall conditions and periodic boundary conditions. The simulation results indicate that under wall conditions, velocity waves propagate upward, manifested by the formation of bubble-like sub-flow zones in the velocity field, and the particle motion in the upper bed region exhibits a clear stick–slip feature. In contrast, under periodic boundary conditions, particle motion displays a resonant mode. Further statistical analysis reveals that, despite the distinct macroscopic motion mode under the two boundary conditions, the probability distributions of particle vertical fluctuating velocities share similar characteristics: both exhibit fat-tailed and asymmetric features and deviate from Gaussian distribution. Additionally, under wall conditions, the horizontal distributions of particle vertical velocity conform to the kinematic model throughout the bed, whereas under periodic boundary conditions, the horizontal distributions in the upper bed region display plug flow characteristics. In summary, the results of this work demonstrate that thickness-direction boundary conditions play a crucial role in determining the flow characteristics of granular assembly in silos. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Its Engineering Applications)
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20 pages, 14815 KB  
Article
CFD-DEM Simulation of Erosion in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin Elbow
by Lei Xu, Yujie Shen, Xingchen Chen, Shiyi Bao, Xiaoteng Zheng, Xiyong Du and Yongzhi Zhao
Processes 2026, 14(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14010094 - 26 Dec 2025
Viewed by 621
Abstract
Erosion wear represents a significant issue in piping systems across energy and chemical industries, particularly in elbows. This study develops a prediction model for erosion wear based on tangential and normal impact energy for elbow tubes fabricated from zinc oxide-modified bidirectional E-glass fiber-reinforced [...] Read more.
Erosion wear represents a significant issue in piping systems across energy and chemical industries, particularly in elbows. This study develops a prediction model for erosion wear based on tangential and normal impact energy for elbow tubes fabricated from zinc oxide-modified bidirectional E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites (ZnO-BE-GFRP). Using a combined CFD-DEM approach, the wear characteristics under gas–solid two-phase flow conditions were systematically investigated. The model quantifies the contributions of tangential and normal impact energy to material removal through the specific energy for cutting wear (et) and the specific energy for deformation wear (en), with key parameters calibrated against experimental data from ZnO-BE-GFRP. This study shows that the increase in gas velocity significantly intensifies wear, and the wear area extends towards the middle of the elbow as the gas velocity increases. The 40–45° area of the elbow is a high-risk wear zone due to the concentration of particle kinetic energy and high-frequency collisions. The particle size distribution has a significant impact on wear: as the degree of particle dispersion increases, the wear on the elbow extrados decreases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Its Engineering Applications)
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