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Processes
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Product Design and the Optimization of Technologies for Manufacturing Processes
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Product Design and the Optimization of Technologies for Manufacturing Processes

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 5979

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bogdan Chirita

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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial System Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania
Interests: machining; manufacturing processes; surface quality; design of experiments (DOE)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rodica Sturza

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Guest Editor
Department of Oenology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Ștefan cel Mare Bd, MD-2004 Chișinău, Moldova
Interests: food chemistry; nutrition; organic chemistry
Dr. Mirela Panainte-Lehăduș

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacău, 157 Calea Mărășești, 600115 Bacău, Romania
Interests: environmental engineering; processes; technology; mechanical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to participate in the 20th International Conference of Constructive Design and Technological Optimization in Machine Building (OPROTEH 2025), organized by the Faculty of Engineering of “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau from May 21st to May 23rd 2025, in Bacau, Romania.

This international event is a worldwide gathering of academics, scientists, researchers, engineers, professionals, industry experts, decision makers, and students, all aiming to share and discuss the latest advancements in the field.

The conference topics are as follows:

  • The optimization of manufacturing processes and systems and computer-aided design and manufacturing;
  • The optimization of technologies and equipment for process industries;
  • Optimization in environmental engineering and environmental protection;
  • Mechatronics and robotics;
  • Economic engineering;
  • Chemical and food engineering;
  • Computer science and industrial power engineering.

Prof. Dr. Bogdan Chirita
Prof. Dr. Rodica Sturza
Dr. Mirela Panainte-Lehăduș
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • manufacturing optimization
  • product and process design
  • engineering processes
  • environmental engineering
  • sustainability and circular economy
  • mechatronics and robotics
  • chemical processes
  • food engineering
  • energy processes
  • information systems and technology

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 7026 KB  
Article
Effects of Thermal Cycling and Environmental Exposure on Mechanical Properties of 6061 and 7075 Aluminum Alloys
by Valentin Zichil, Cosmin Constantin Grigoras, Ana-Maria Rosu, Vlad Andrei Ciubotariu and Aurel Mihail Titu
Processes 2026, 14(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14010016 - 19 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1072
Abstract
This work quantifies the environmental sensitivity of tartaric–sulfuric acid (TSA) anodized and sealed 6061 and 7075 aluminum. Five alloy–temper states (6061-T4, 6061-T62, 7075-T0, 7075-T62, and 7075-T73) were TSA-treated, pore sealed and then exposed for eight weeks (56 days) to ambient air, 11 wt.% [...] Read more.
This work quantifies the environmental sensitivity of tartaric–sulfuric acid (TSA) anodized and sealed 6061 and 7075 aluminum. Five alloy–temper states (6061-T4, 6061-T62, 7075-T0, 7075-T62, and 7075-T73) were TSA-treated, pore sealed and then exposed for eight weeks (56 days) to ambient air, 11 wt.% NaCl brine, or a microbiological medium, with weekly +20 °C/−20 °C freeze–thaw cycles. Tensile tests assessing yield strength, ultimate strength, and elongation were conducted. Strength losses were modest in ambient conditions (<5%) but increased to ≈5–10% for yield and ≈2–9% for ultimate under saline and microbial conditions, particularly in the annealed 7075-T0 and peak-aged 7075-T62 states. Ductility was more sensitive, declining up to ≈30% for 6061-T4 and 6061-T62 in harsh media. Permutation-based inference within an additive screening model indicated that environmental exposure is strongly associated with the dominant share of the observed variability (R2env ≈ 0.91–0.93 for yield, ultimate strength, and elongation), within the limits of the present dataset. These results suggest that freeze–thaw cycling, chloride exposure, and microbiological activity are consistent with the observed degradation trends. Over-aged 7075-T73 retained properties better than T62, highlighting the roles of temper and pore sealing quality in cold, saline, and microbiologically active service. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Product Design and the Optimization of Technologies for Manufacturing Processes)
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16 pages, 1356 KB  
Article
Predictive Numerical Modeling of Inelastic Buckling for Process Optimization in Cold Forging of Aluminum, Stainless Steel, and Copper
by Dan Lagat, Huzeifa Munawar, Eliakim Akhusama, Alfayo Alugongo and Hilary Rutto
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3177; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103177 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1167
Abstract
The growing demand for precision and consistency in the forging industry has heightened the need for predictive simulation tools. While extensive research has focused on parameters such as flow stress, die wear, billet fracture, and residual stresses, the phenomenon of billet buckling, especially [...] Read more.
The growing demand for precision and consistency in the forging industry has heightened the need for predictive simulation tools. While extensive research has focused on parameters such as flow stress, die wear, billet fracture, and residual stresses, the phenomenon of billet buckling, especially during cold upset forging, remains underexplored. Most existing models address only elastic buckling for slender billets using classical approaches like Euler and Rankine-Gordon formulae, which are not suitable for inelastic deformation in shorter billets. This study presents a numerical model developed to analyze inelastic buckling during cold forging and to determine associated stresses and deflection characteristics. The model was validated through finite element simulations across a range of billet geometries (10–40 mm diameter, 120 mm length), materials (aluminum, stainless steel, and copper), and friction coefficients (µ = 0.12, 0.16, and 0.35). Stress distributions were evaluated against die stroke, with particular emphasis on the influence of strain hardening and geometry. The results showed that billet geometry and strain-hardening exponent significantly affect buckling behavior, whereas friction had a secondary effect, mainly altering overall stress levels. A nonlinear regression approach incorporating material properties, geometric parameters, and friction was used to formulate the numerical model. The developed model effectively estimated buckling stresses across various conditions but could not precisely predict buckling points based on stress differentials. This work contributes a novel framework for integrating material, geometric, and process variables into stress prediction during forging, advancing defect control strategies in industrial metal forming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Product Design and the Optimization of Technologies for Manufacturing Processes)
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22 pages, 2556 KB  
Article
The Elastic Vibration Behavior of a Springboard in Gymnastics
by Daniel-Mirel Dumitrescu, Gheorghe Voicu, Nicolaie Orasanu, Irina-Aura Istrate and Gabriel-Alexandru Constantin
Processes 2025, 13(8), 2573; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082573 - 14 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1152
Abstract
The paper presents aspects of the elastic behavior of a springboard in school gyms after contact with a basketball (0.500 kg) falling from a height of 1 m or a volunteer student jumping from 30 or 60 cm in three different areas at [...] Read more.
The paper presents aspects of the elastic behavior of a springboard in school gyms after contact with a basketball (0.500 kg) falling from a height of 1 m or a volunteer student jumping from 30 or 60 cm in three different areas at the end of the springboard. The results recorded obtained from three accelerometers mounted under the main plate of the springboard are presented, primarily focusing on the accelerations and vertical displacements after contact. The springboard has a special construction, the upper plate and the curved support plates being provided with two pairs of conical and cylindrical truncated helical springs, respectively. The accelerometers were placed at different points, centrally on the upper plate and on the support plates. It was found that in the dynamic process of a body falling on the springboard, the coefficient of elasticity/rigidity of the elastic system changes, presenting values of 22.14–71.12 kN/m. Normally, both accelerations and displacements are greater on the upper plate, but its vibratory motion also induces additional movements and vibrations on the two lower plates. The results may be useful both for manufacturers of such equipment and for coaches to give appropriate instructions to athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Product Design and the Optimization of Technologies for Manufacturing Processes)
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Review

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46 pages, 5142 KB  
Review
Optimization of the Effects of Electrodeposition Parameters on the Nickel-Based Composite Coatings’ Tribological Properties
by Yassine Abdesselam, Catalin Tampu, Abderrahim Belloufi, Imane Rezgui, Mourad Abdelkrim, Bogdan Chirita, Eugen Herghelegiu, Carol Schnakovszky and Raluca Tampu
Processes 2026, 14(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14010139 - 31 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1227
Abstract
Mechanical forces, chemical and electrochemical reactions, and environmental variables can all lead to surface degradation of parts. Composite coatings can be applied to these materials to enhance their surface characteristics. Recently, nickel-based composite coatings have gained greater attention because of their remarkable wear [...] Read more.
Mechanical forces, chemical and electrochemical reactions, and environmental variables can all lead to surface degradation of parts. Composite coatings can be applied to these materials to enhance their surface characteristics. Recently, nickel-based composite coatings have gained greater attention because of their remarkable wear resistance. The efficiency, precision, and affordability of this process make it a popular method. In addition, electroplating nickel-based composites offers a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional dangerous coatings such as hard chrome. Tribological and wear characteristics are highly dependent on several variables, such as particle parameters, deposition energy, fluid dynamics, and bath composition. Mass loss, coefficient of friction, hardness, and roughness are quantitative properties that provide useful information for coating optimization and selection. Under optimized electrodeposition conditions, the Ni-SiC-graphite coatings achieved a 57% reduction in surface roughness (Ra), a 38% increase in microhardness (HV), and a 25% reduction in wear rate (Ws) compared to pure Ni coatings, demonstrating significant improvements in tribological performance. Overall, the incorporation of SiC nanoparticles was found to consistently improve microhardness while graphite or MoS2 reduces friction. Differences in wear rate among studies appear to result from variations in current density, particle size, or test conditions. Furthermore, researchers run tribology studies and calculate the volume percentage using a variety of techniques, but they fall short in providing a sufficient description of the interface. This work primarily contributes to identifying gaps in tribological research. With this knowledge and a better understanding of electrodeposition parameters, researchers and engineers can improve the lifespan and performance of coatings by tailoring them to specific applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Product Design and the Optimization of Technologies for Manufacturing Processes)
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