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Polymers
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Bio-Nanocomposites: Modifications and Applications
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Bio-Nanocomposites: Modifications and Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2022) | Viewed by 17232

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alberto Frache

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
Interests: nanocomposites; biopolymers; polymer processing; recycling; 3D printing materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of sustainable materials requires more and more studies in this field. Bioplastics, both bio-based and biodegradable/compostable, are part of this field. Research has developed a lot in this field, but there is always a need for new developments. In particular, it is relevant to know more specifically the field of bio-nanocomposites in which nanofillers (natural or synthetic) are added to matrices to provide structural or functional improvements. This Special Issue is dedicated to this subject, with particular attention paid to the applications proposed for these materials. Among the aspects to be investigated are developments in the field of packaging materials, 3D printing FDM, medium- to long-term applications in the construction, automotive and household sectors. 

Dr. Alberto Frache
Guest Editor

Keywords

  • New development of bio-nanocomposites
  • New composites with natural fibers/fillers
  • Characterization methods of bio-nanocomposites
  • Biodegradation studies of bio-nanocomposites
  • 3D printing materials based on bio-nanocomposites
  • Recycling of bio-nanocomposites

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1371 KiB  
Article
The Properties of Poly(ester amide)s Based on Dimethyl 2,5-Furanedicarboxylate as a Function of Methylene Sequence Length in Polymer Backbone
by Konrad Walkowiak, Izabela Irska, Agata Zubkiewicz, Jerzy Dryzek and Sandra Paszkiewicz
Polymers 2022, 14(11), 2295; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112295 - 5 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2640
Abstract
A series of poly(ester amide)s based on dimethyl furan 2,5-dicarboxylate (DMFDC), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), 1,6-hexylene glycol (HDO), and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) were synthesized via two-step melt polycondensation. The phase transition temperatures and structure of the polymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The positron [...] Read more.
A series of poly(ester amide)s based on dimethyl furan 2,5-dicarboxylate (DMFDC), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), 1,6-hexylene glycol (HDO), and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) were synthesized via two-step melt polycondensation. The phase transition temperatures and structure of the polymers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurement was carried out to investigate the free volume. In addition, the mechanical properties of two series of poly(ester amide)s were analyzed. The increase in the number of methylene groups in the polymer backbone resulted in a decrease in the values of the transition temperatures. Depending on the number of methylene groups and the content of the poly(propylene furanamide) (PPAF), both semi-crystalline and amorphous copolymers were obtained. The free volume value increased with a greater number of methylene groups in the polymer backbone. Moreover, with a lower number of methylene groups, the value of the Young modulus and stress at break increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Nanocomposites: Modifications and Applications)
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15 pages, 3036 KiB  
Article
FDM Printability of PLA Based-Materials: The Key Role of the Rheological Behavior
by Rossella Arrigo and Alberto Frache
Polymers 2022, 14(9), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14091754 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 85 | Viewed by 5803
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most commonly used commercial technologies of materials extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM), used for obtaining 3D-printed parts using thermoplastic polymers. Notwithstanding the great variety of applications for FDM-printed objects, the choice of materials suitable for processing [...] Read more.
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most commonly used commercial technologies of materials extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM), used for obtaining 3D-printed parts using thermoplastic polymers. Notwithstanding the great variety of applications for FDM-printed objects, the choice of materials suitable for processing using AM technology is still limited, likely due to the lack of rapid screening procedures allowing for an efficient selection of processable polymer-based formulations. In this work, the rheological behavior of several 3D-printable, commercially available poly(lactic acid)-based filaments was accurately characterized. In particular, each step of a typical FDM process was addressed, from the melt flowability through the printing nozzle, to the interlayer adhesion in the post-deposition stage, evaluating the ability of the considered materials to fulfill the criteria for successful 3D printing using FDM technology. Furthermore, the rheological features of the investigated materials were related to their composition and microstructure. Although an exhaustive and accurate evaluation of the 3D printability of thermoplastics must also consider their thermal behavior, the methodology proposed in this work aimed to offer a useful tool for designing thermoplastic-based formulations that are able to ensure an appropriate rheological performance in obtaining 3D-printed parts with the desired geometry and final properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Nanocomposites: Modifications and Applications)
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13 pages, 11417 KiB  
Article
Cationic Peptide-Modified Gold Nanostars as Efficient Delivery Platform for RNA Interference Antitumor Therapy
by Si Chen, Jiguang Li, Xiaoyu Ma, Fan Liu and Guoping Yan
Polymers 2021, 13(21), 3764; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213764 - 30 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2166
Abstract
siRNA interference therapy can silence tumor cell target genes and specifically regulate tumor cell behavior and function, which is an effective antitumor therapy. However, in somatic circulation, naked siRNAs are not only susceptible to degrade, but it is also difficult to realize the [...] Read more.
siRNA interference therapy can silence tumor cell target genes and specifically regulate tumor cell behavior and function, which is an effective antitumor therapy. However, in somatic circulation, naked siRNAs are not only susceptible to degrade, but it is also difficult to realize the tumor cells’ internalization. Therefore, novel siRNA delivery vectors that could promote efficacy need to be developed urgently. Here, we designed high-surface gold nanostars (GNS-P) which are decorated with cationic tumor-targeting peptide as an efficient and functional siRNA delivery nanoplatform for tumor therapy. The positively charged amino acid sequence and huge surface area enabled the vector to load a large amount of siRNA, while the tumor-targeting peptide sequence and nano size enabled it to rapidly and precisely target the tumor regions for fast and effective siRNA delivery. This tumor-targeting nanoplatform, GNS-P, displayed good biocompatibility, low toxicity and an extraordinary tumor accumulation capability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Nanocomposites: Modifications and Applications)
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15 pages, 3307 KiB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis for Biodegradable Dissolving Microneedle Materials on Skin Puncture and Mechanical Performance Evaluation
by Qinying Yan, Jiaqi Weng, Shulin Shen, Yan Wang, Min Fang, Gensuo Zheng, Qingliang Yang and Gensheng Yang
Polymers 2021, 13(18), 3043; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13183043 - 9 Sep 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5704
Abstract
In this study, a micro-molding technology was used to prepare the microneedles (MNs), while a texture analyzer was used to measure its Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and compression breaking force, to evaluate whether the MNs can penetrate the skin. The effects of different [...] Read more.
In this study, a micro-molding technology was used to prepare the microneedles (MNs), while a texture analyzer was used to measure its Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and compression breaking force, to evaluate whether the MNs can penetrate the skin. The effects of different materials were characterized by their ability to withstand stresses using the Structural Mechanics Module of COMSOL Multiphysics. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was chosen as the needle formulation material with varying quantities of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to adjust the viscosity, brittleness, hardness and solubility of the material. The results of both the experimental tests and the predictions indicated that the hardest tip material had a solids content of 15% (w/w ) with a 1:2 (w/w) CMC: HA ratio. Furthermore, it was shown that a solid content of 10% (w/w) with a 1:5 (w/w) CMC: PVA ratio is suitable for making patches. The correlation between the mechanical properties and the different materials was found using the simulation analysis as well as the force required for different dissolving microneedles (DMNs) to penetrate the skin, which significantly promoted the research progress of microneedle transdermal drug delivery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Nanocomposites: Modifications and Applications)
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