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Abiotic Stress Signaling in Cereals, Especially Wheat
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Abiotic Stress Signaling in Cereals, Especially Wheat

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 10753

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sylvia Lindberg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dept. of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: calcium signaling; ion transport; oxygen deficiency; salt stress; stress tolerance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ongoing climate changes have serious impacts on plant growth and development at molecular, cellular and organism levels. During temporary flooding or persisting high seawater levels, oxygen deficiency often occurs in the soil. Global warming will give rise to higher evaporation, resulting in dry and saline soils. Together with low precipitation, these changes might create drought, osmotic and salt stresses, as well as temperature stress encountered by plants. For the cultivation of wheat and other crops, all these stresses have serious economic effects. Wheat is a globally important cereal crop, the second most produced for human consumption.

To make plants resistant to these types of stresses through the application of genetic engineering, it is important to improve our knowledge on how plants sense stress, and how they transmit signals related to stress and improve their tolerance by physiological and metabolic adaptations. Calcium is an important second messenger for all abiotic stresses, which induce a transient or sustained Ca2+ increase in the cytosol. The elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA), and leads to complex downstream reactions within the local target cell but also occurring as a result of calcium waves propagating to distal plant parts. Recent findings suggest that glutamate and other amino acids might be involved in this distal signaling, but the understanding on this matter is still scarce. Calcium signaling is also generated intracellularly in the apoplast, nucleus and other cell organelles. Knowledge on how the cytosolic and organellar signals are connected with the distal calcium fluxes is still insufficient, requiring further investigation.

Dr. Sylvia Lindberg
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • calcium
  • signaling
  • stress sensors
  • wheat

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 2058 KiB  
Article
Biostimulant Response of Foliar Application of Rare Earth Elements on Physiology, Growth, and Yield of Rice
by Cynthia de Oliveira, Silvio Junio Ramos, Guilherme Soares Dinali, Teotonio Soares de Carvalho, Fábio Aurélio Dias Martins, Valdemar Faquin, Evaristo Mauro de Castro, Jorge Eduardo Souza Sarkis, José Oswaldo Siqueira and Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme
Plants 2024, 13(11), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13111435 - 22 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1932
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have been intentionally used in Chinese agriculture since the 1980s to improve crop yields. Around the world, REEs are also involuntarily applied to soils through phosphate fertilizers. These elements are known to alleviate damage in plants under abiotic stresses, [...] Read more.
Rare earth elements (REEs) have been intentionally used in Chinese agriculture since the 1980s to improve crop yields. Around the world, REEs are also involuntarily applied to soils through phosphate fertilizers. These elements are known to alleviate damage in plants under abiotic stresses, yet there is no information on how these elements act in the physiology of plants. The REE mode of action falls within the scope of the hormesis effect, with low-dose stimulation and high-dose adverse reactions. This study aimed to verify how REEs affect rice plants’ physiology to test the threshold dose at which REEs could act as biostimulants in these plants. In experiment 1, 0.411 kg ha−1 (foliar application) of a mixture of REE (containing 41.38% Ce, 23.95% La, 13.58% Pr, and 4.32% Nd) was applied, as well as two products containing 41.38% Ce and 23.95% La separately. The characteristics of chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchanges, SPAD index, and biomass (pot conditions) were evaluated. For experiment 2, increasing rates of the REE mix (0, 0.1, 0.225, 0.5, and 1 kg ha−1) (field conditions) were used to study their effect on rice grain yield and nutrient concentration of rice leaves. Adding REEs to plants increased biomass production (23% with Ce, 31% with La, and 63% with REE Mix application) due to improved photosynthetic rate (8% with Ce, 15% with La, and 27% with REE mix), favored by the higher electronic flow (photosynthetic electron transport chain) (increase of 17%) and by the higher Fv/Fm (increase of 14%) and quantum yield of photosystem II (increase of 20% with Ce and La, and 29% with REE Mix), as well as by increased stomatal conductance (increase of 36%) and SPAD index (increase of 10% with Ce, 12% with La, and 15% with REE mix). Moreover, adding REEs potentiated the photosynthetic process by increasing rice leaves’ N, Mg, K, and Mn concentrations (24–46%). The dose for the higher rice grain yield (an increase of 113%) was estimated for the REE mix at 0.72 kg ha−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling in Cereals, Especially Wheat)
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18 pages, 4323 KiB  
Article
Transcriptional Regulation of Small Heat Shock Protein 17 (sHSP-17) by Triticum aestivum HSFA2h Transcription Factor Confers Tolerance in Arabidopsis under Heat Stress
by Ranjeet R. Kumar, Kavita Dubey, Suneha Goswami, Gyanendra K. Rai, Pradeep K. Rai, Romesh K. Salgotra, Suman Bakshi, Dwijesh Mishra, Gyan P. Mishra and Viswanathan Chinnusamy
Plants 2023, 12(20), 3598; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203598 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1797
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) contribute significantly to thermotolerance acclimation. Here, we identified and cloned a putative HSF gene (HSFA2h) of 1218 nucleotide (acc. no. KP257297.1) from wheat cv. HD2985 using a de novo transcriptomic approach and predicted sHSP as its [...] Read more.
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) contribute significantly to thermotolerance acclimation. Here, we identified and cloned a putative HSF gene (HSFA2h) of 1218 nucleotide (acc. no. KP257297.1) from wheat cv. HD2985 using a de novo transcriptomic approach and predicted sHSP as its potential target. The expression of HSFA2h and its target gene (HSP17) was observed at the maximum level in leaf tissue under heat stress (HS), as compared to the control. The HSFA2h-pRI101 binary construct was mobilized in Arabidopsis, and further screening of T3 transgenic lines showed improved tolerance at an HS of 38 °C compared with wild type (WT). The expression of HSFA2h was observed to be 2.9- to 3.7-fold higher in different Arabidopsis transgenic lines under HS. HSFA2h and its target gene transcripts (HSP18.2 in the case of Arabidopsis) were observed to be abundant in transgenic Arabidopsis plants under HS. We observed a positive correlation between the expression of HSFA2h and HSP18.2 under HS. Evaluation of transgenic lines using different physio-biochemical traits linked with thermotolerance showed better performance of HS-treated transgenic Arabidopsis plants compared with WT. There is a need to further characterize the gene regulatory network (GRN) of HSFA2h and sHSP in order to modulate the HS tolerance of wheat and other agriculturally important crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling in Cereals, Especially Wheat)
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24 pages, 3494 KiB  
Article
Effects of Single and Combined Drought and Salinity Stress on the Root Morphological Characteristics and Root Hydraulic Conductivity of Different Winter Wheat Varieties
by Yuanyuan Fu, Penghui Li, Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani, Sumei Wan, Yang Gao and Xingpeng Wang
Plants 2023, 12(14), 2694; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142694 - 19 Jul 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2850
Abstract
Water shortages and crop responses to drought and salt stress are related to the efficient use of water resources and are closely related to food security. In addition, PEG or NaCl stress alone affect the root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr). However, the effects of [...] Read more.
Water shortages and crop responses to drought and salt stress are related to the efficient use of water resources and are closely related to food security. In addition, PEG or NaCl stress alone affect the root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr). However, the effects of combined PEG and NaCl stress on Lpr and the differences among wheat varieties are unknown. We investigated the effects of combined PEG and NaCl stress on the root parameters, nitrogen (N) and carbon content, antioxidant enzymes, osmotic adjustment, changes in sodium and potassium, and root hydraulic conductivity of Yannong 1212, Heng 4399, and Xinmai 19. PEG and NaCl stress appreciably decreased the root length (RL), root surface area (RS), root volume (RV), K+ and N content in shoots and roots, and Lpr of the three wheat varieties, while the antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), osmotic adjustment, nonstructural carbon and Na+ content in shoots and roots, etc., remarkably remained increased. Furthermore, the root hydraulic conductivity had the greatest positive association with traits such as RL, RS, and N and K+ content in the shoots of the three wheat varieties. Moreover, the RL/RS directly and actively determined the Lpr, and it had an extremely positive effect on the N content in the shoots of wheat seedlings. Collectively, most of the root characteristics in the wheat seedlings decreased under stress conditions, resulting in a reduction in Lpr. As a result, the ability to transport nutrients—especially N—from the roots to the shoots was affected. Therefore, our study provides a novel insight into the physiological mechanisms of Lpr. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling in Cereals, Especially Wheat)
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Review

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42 pages, 3078 KiB  
Review
Ion Changes and Signaling under Salt Stress in Wheat and Other Important Crops
by Sylvia Lindberg and Albert Premkumar
Plants 2024, 13(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13010046 - 22 Dec 2023
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3454
Abstract
High concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), and sulphate (SO42−) are frequently found in saline soils. Crop plants cannot successfully develop and produce because salt stress impairs the uptake of Ca2+ [...] Read more.
High concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), and sulphate (SO42−) are frequently found in saline soils. Crop plants cannot successfully develop and produce because salt stress impairs the uptake of Ca2+, potassium (K+), and water into plant cells. Different intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations change with salinity, including those of Ca2+, K+, and protons. These cations serve as stress signaling molecules in addition to being essential for ionic homeostasis and nutrition. Maintaining an appropriate K+:Na+ ratio is one crucial plant mechanism for salt tolerance, which is a complicated trait. Another important mechanism is the ability for fast extrusion of Na+ from the cytosol. Ca2+ is established as a ubiquitous secondary messenger, which transmits various stress signals into metabolic alterations that cause adaptive responses. When plants are under stress, the cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration can rise to 10 times or more from its resting level of 50–100 nanomolar. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are linked to the Ca2+ alterations and are produced by stress. Depending on the type, frequency, and intensity of the stress, the cytosolic Ca2+ signals oscillate, are transient, or persist for a longer period and exhibit specific “signatures”. Both the influx and efflux of Ca2+ affect the length and amplitude of the signal. According to several reports, under stress Ca2+ alterations can occur not only in the cytoplasm of the cell but also in the cell walls, nucleus, and other cell organelles and the Ca2+ waves propagate through the whole plant. Here, we will focus on how wheat and other important crops absorb Na+, K+, and Cl− when plants are under salt stress, as well as how Ca2+, K+, and pH cause intracellular signaling and homeostasis. Similar mechanisms in the model plant Arabidopsis will also be considered. Knowledge of these processes is important for understanding how plants react to salinity stress and for the development of tolerant crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Signaling in Cereals, Especially Wheat)
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