Enhancing Plant Resistance to Heavy Metals Using Biochar, Nanoparticles, and Hormonal Control

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 March 2026 | Viewed by 508

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Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Interests: heavy metals stress; nanoparticle; plant stress tolerance; salinity; drought stress
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils poses a significant threat to global food security and ecosystem health. To address this challenge, innovative strategies are needed to improve plant resilience and reduce metal toxicity in crops. This Special Issue explores cutting-edge approaches, including the application of biochar for soil remediation, the use of nanoparticles for targeted metal detoxification, and the role of phytohormones in enhancing plant stress responses.

Biochar, a carbon-rich soil amendment, has shown promise in immobilizing heavy metals while improving soil fertility. Nanoparticles, due to their unique physicochemical properties, offer precise solutions for metal uptake regulation and oxidative stress mitigation. Additionally, phytohormones play a crucial role in modulating plant defense mechanisms, enabling better adaptation to metal-induced stress.

This Special Issue brings together multidisciplinary research on sustainable and scalable solutions for heavy metal stress in plants. We invite original research, reviews, and perspectives on biochar modification, nano-biotechnological interventions, hormonal crosstalk, and field-scale applications. By integrating these approaches, this Special Issue aims to advance our understanding of plant–metal interactions and contribute to safer, more resilient agricultural systems in contaminated environments.

We welcome contributions that bridge fundamental science with practical applications, fostering eco-friendly strategies for heavy metal mitigation in crops.

Dr. Abolghassem Emamverdian
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • heavy metal stress
  • phytoremediation
  • biochar amendment
  • nanobiotechnology
  • phytohormones
  • oxidative stress mitigation
  • soil remediation
  • plant stress tolerance
  • sustainable agriculture
  • metal detoxification

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 1549 KB  
Article
Mitigation of Cadmium and Copper Stress in Lettuce: The Role of Biochar on Metal Uptake, Oxidative Stress, and Yield
by Riccardo Fedeli, Zhanna Zhatkanbayeva, Rachele Marcelli, Yerlan Zhatkanbayev, Sara Desideri and Stefano Loppi
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2255; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152255 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 435
Abstract
Biochar has emerged as a promising soil amendment for mitigating heavy metal contamination in agricultural systems. This study investigates the effects of biochar on cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) uptake, plant growth, oxidative stress, and physiological responses in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) [...] Read more.
Biochar has emerged as a promising soil amendment for mitigating heavy metal contamination in agricultural systems. This study investigates the effects of biochar on cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) uptake, plant growth, oxidative stress, and physiological responses in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants exposed to different metal concentrations. Results indicate that biochar significantly influenced Cd bioavailability, reducing its accumulation in plant tissues by up to 31.9% and alleviating oxidative stress, with malondialdehyde and proline levels decreasing by up to 51.0% and 60.2%, particularly at higher application rates (5%). Cd-exposed plants treated with biochar exhibited an improved fresh weight (+22.6%), lower malondialdehyde and proline levels, and enhanced the chlorophyll content (+14.9% to 24.1%) compared to untreated plants. The bioaccumulation factor for Cd decreased (up to 31.8%) while the immobilization index (II) increased, confirming the role of biochar in limiting Cd mobility in soil. In contrast, Cu uptake remained consistently low across all treatments, with a significant reduction observed only at higher contamination levels (up to −34.2%). Biochar contributed to Cu immobilization, reflected in increased II values, and enhanced the plant biomass and chlorophyll content under Cu exposure (+15.4% and up to +24.1%, respectively), suggesting a partial alleviation of Cu toxicity. These findings highlight biochar’s potential in heavy metal remediation, particularly for Cd, by reducing bioavailability and improving plant resilience. However, its role in Cu-contaminated soils is mainly through immobilization rather than uptake reduction. Full article
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