Biological Activities of Plant Extracts, Secondary Metabolites, and Semi-Synthetic Derivatives

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1549

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, San Miguel 8900000, Chile
Interests: organic chemistry; organic synthesis; natural products research; biological activity of natural compounds and derivatives
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Guest Editor
Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
Interests: synthesis; organic synthesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant extracts, secondary metabolites, and semi-synthetic derivatives have gained significant attention due to their diverse biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. Plant extracts, rich in bioactive compounds, have long been utilized in traditional medicine and continue to be a source of novel drug leads. Secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides, play crucial roles in plant defense and have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. These bioactive compounds often act as natural pharmaceuticals or serve as templates for the development of synthetic drugs.

Semi-synthetic derivatives, which are modified versions of natural plant compounds, offer enhanced bioavailability, potency, and selectivity compared to their parent compounds. The process of semi-synthesis involves altering the chemical structure of natural metabolites to improve their pharmacological profiles, making them more effective in treating various diseases.

The biological activities of these compounds are largely attributed to their ability to interact with specific molecular targets, including enzymes, receptors, and ion channels. Recent advances in phytochemistry and biotechnology have led to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind these activities, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic agents derived from plant-based sources. This multidisciplinary approach continues to hold promise for addressing global health challenges.

Dr. Héctor Carrasco
Dr. Lautaro Taborga
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • plant extracts
  • secondary metabolites
  • semi-synthetic derivatives
  • biological activities
  • bioactive compounds

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2515 KB  
Article
Assessment of Phytochemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Micropropagated Drymis winteri Plants
by Julia Rubio, Christian Robles-Kelly, Evelyn Silva-Moreno, Héctor Carrasco and Andrés F. Olea
Plants 2025, 14(20), 3215; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14203215 - 20 Oct 2025
Abstract
The search for sustainable alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals has fueled a growing interest in plant-derived bioactive compounds. Drimys winteri (canelo), a native Chilean tree of significant ethnobotanical importance, is a promising source of antifungal sesquiterpenes, such as polygodial and drimenol. This study describes [...] Read more.
The search for sustainable alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals has fueled a growing interest in plant-derived bioactive compounds. Drimys winteri (canelo), a native Chilean tree of significant ethnobotanical importance, is a promising source of antifungal sesquiterpenes, such as polygodial and drimenol. This study describes the development of an in vitro clonal micropropagation platform for D. winteri that enables the production of plant material under controlled laboratory conditions, which is subsequently submitted to extraction to obtain these bioactive compounds. Four tailored culture media have been formulated for successful propagation, rooting of plantlets, and callus induction. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of meristemoids in the dedifferentiated calli. Furthermore, HPLC and GC-MS analyses indicate that phytochemical composition of extracts of in vitro-propagated D. winteri and those from mature, wild-grown trees is quite similar. This result is in line with the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea exhibited by these extracts; namely, both are comparable. This biotechnological approach offers a scalable method for producing plant-based antifungal agents, contributing to sustainable agriculture and the valorization of native genetic resources. Full article
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26 pages, 3951 KB  
Article
Exploring the Bioactive Potential and Chemical Profile of Schinus molle Essential Oil: An Integrated In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation
by Rómulo Oses, Matías Ferrando, Flavia Bruna, Patricio Retamales, Myriam Navarro, Katia Fernández, Waleska Vera, María José Larrazábal, Iván Neira, Adrián Paredes, Manuel Osorio, Osvaldo Yáñez, Martina Jacobs and Jessica Bravo
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2449; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152449 - 7 Aug 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1297
Abstract
Chilean Schinus molle has been used in traditional medicine for effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, antitumoral, antioxidant, antispasmodic, astringent, antipyretic, cicatrizant, cytotoxic, diuretic, among others. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological potential of Schinus molle seed essential oil extract [...] Read more.
Chilean Schinus molle has been used in traditional medicine for effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, antitumoral, antioxidant, antispasmodic, astringent, antipyretic, cicatrizant, cytotoxic, diuretic, among others. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological potential of Schinus molle seed essential oil extract (SM_EO) through in vitro and in silico approaches. In vitro, the antioxidant potential was analyzed, and antitumor activity was evaluated in non-tumor and human epithelial tumor cell lines. Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a model for evaluating toxicity, and the chemical composition of the SM_EO was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The oil contained four major monoterpenes: α-phellandrene (34%), β-myrcene (23%), limonene (13%), and β-phellandrene (7%). Based on quantum mechanical calculations, the reactivity of the molecules present in the SM_EO was estimated. The results indicated that α- phellandrene, β-phellandrene, and β-myrcene showed the highest nucleophilic activity. In addition, the compounds following these as candidates for antioxidant and antiproliferative activities were α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, ρ-cymene, sabinene, caryophyllene, l-limonene, and α-pinene, highlighting β-myrcene. Based on ADME-Tox properties, it is feasible to use these compounds as new drug candidates. Moreover, the antibacterial activity MIC value obtained for B. cereus was equivalent to 2 μg/mL, and for Y. enterocolitica, S. enteritidis, and S. typhimurium, the MIC value was 32.5 μg/μL. SM_EO could selectively inhibit the proliferation of human epithelial mammary tumor MCF7 cells treated with SM_EOs at 64 and 16 ug/mL—a significant increase in BCL-2 in a dose-dependent manner—and showed low toxicity against Caenorhabditis elegans (from 10 to 0.078 mg·mL−1). These findings suggest that SM_EO may be a potential source of bioactive compounds, encouraging further investigation for applications in veterinary medicine, cosmetics, and sanitation. Full article
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