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A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Interaction Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 10032

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Vitaly Dmitrievich Ovsiannikov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Theoretical Physics, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
Interests: atoms; ions; radiation transition rates; electromagnetic susceptibilities; Rydberg states; blackbody radiation

Dr. Vitaly Gennadievich Palchikov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Federal Unitary Enterprise «VNIIFTRI», 141570 Mendeleevo, Russia
Interests: atomic clocks; Rydberg states; blackbody radiation; laser radiation; light scattering on atoms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-precision spectroscopy of the simplest atomic particles (neutral atoms, ions, two-atom molecules) attracts significant attention from the international research community. Achievements of modern Laser Physics in cooling and trapping have already resulted in the rapid development of new trends in Atomic Physics dealing with high-precision studies of earlier inaccessible detailed properties of these quantum systems. There are various mechanisms, processes, and devices elaborated based on trapped atomic particles by numerous research groups in different institutions and laboratories worldwide. Such as the highest precision timekeeping on isolated ions in magneto–optical traps and on neutral atoms in optical lattices.

Series of highly excited Rydberg states have become precisely accessible due to the elimination of the Doppler effect on deeply cooled and trapped atoms. There are many ways to use Rydberg atoms based on their extremal sensitivity to external fields. For example, radiation transitions between Rydberg states for high-precision metrology of the radio and microwave electromagnetic fields.

This Special Issue aims to present original state-of-the-art research articles dealing with precision spectroscopy of the simplest atomic particles. We are pleased to invite you to submit your research papers to this Special Issue. In this Special Issue, original research articles, reviews, brief communications and letters are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

Precision spectroscopy of bound states;
Electromagnetic traps;
Laser cooling;
Rydberg-state spectroscopy;
Long-range interaction between atomic particles;
Rydberg blockade;
Electromagnetically induced transparency;
Optical lattice clocks;
Ion clocks.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Vitaly Dmitrievich Ovsiannikov
Dr. Vitaly Gennadievich Palchikov
Guest Editors

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Keywords

atomic particles
bound-state spectroscopy
non-linear atom–field interaction
Rydberg states
optical lattice

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3597 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Registration of a Quadrupole Transition in High-Energy ⁸⁸Sr⁺ Ions Obtained by Laser Ablation Method

by Evgeny Telnov, Petr Borisyuk, Dmitry Tregubov, Daniil Provorchenko, Konstantin Trichev and Pavel Cherepanov

Photonics 2024, 11(4), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11040337 - 6 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1268

Abstract

In this paper, we demonstrate the interaction of 674 nm laser radiation with a clock quadrupole transition in high-energy ⁸⁸Sr⁺ ions obtained by laser ablation. The results of the spectrometry of the clock and the pump transitions are presented. We describe the parameters of the experimental setup and the protocol of the clock transition spectroscopy and analyze various line broadening mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Atomic Spectroscopy)

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22 pages, 2051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parallel Implementation of CNOT^N and C₂NOT² Gates via Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Förster Interactions of Rydberg Atoms

by Ahmed M. Farouk, Ilya I. Beterov, Peng Xu , Silvia Bergamini and Igor I. Ryabtsev

Photonics 2023, 10(11), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10111280 - 19 Nov 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1985

Abstract

We analyze schemes of high-fidelity multi-qubit CNOT

^{N}

and C

_{2}

NOT

^{2}

gates for alkali metal neutral atoms used as qubits. These schemes are based on the electromagnetically induced transparency and Rydberg blockade. The fidelity of homonuclear multi-qubit CNOT

^{N}

gate based [...] Read more.

We analyze schemes of high-fidelity multi-qubit CNOT

^{N}

and C

_{2}

NOT

^{2}

gates for alkali metal neutral atoms used as qubits. These schemes are based on the electromagnetically induced transparency and Rydberg blockade. The fidelity of homonuclear multi-qubit CNOT

^{N}

gate based on Rydberg blockade was limited by the undesirable interaction between the target atoms and by the coupling laser intensity. We propose overcoming these limits by using strong heteronuclear dipole–dipole interactions via Förster resonances for control and target atoms, while the target atoms are coupled by a weaker van der Waals interaction. We optimized the gate performance in order to achieve higher fidelity, while keeping the coupling laser intensity as small as possible in order to improve the experimental feasibility of the gate schemes. We also considered the optimization of the schemes of the C

_{2}

NOT

^{2}

gates, where the fidelity is affected by the relation between the control–control, control–target and target–target interaction energies. Our numeric simulations confirm that the fidelity of the CNOT

^{4}

gate (single control and four target atoms) can be up to 99.3% and the fidelity of the C

_{2}

NOT

^{2}

(two control and two target atoms) is up to 99.7% for the conditions which are experimentally feasible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Atomic Spectroscopy)

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15 pages, 5458 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two-Photon Laser Excitation of Rb Rydberg Atoms in the Magneto-Optical Trap and Vapor Cell

by Denis B. Tretyakov, Vasily M. Entin, Ilya I. Beterov, Elena A. Yakshina, Yury Ya. Pechersky, Veniamin G. Gol’dort and Igor I. Ryabtsev

Photonics 2023, 10(11), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10111201 - 27 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2691

Abstract

We present our experimental results of two-photon laser excitation 5S_1/2→5P_3/2→nS_1/2 of Rb atoms to Rydberg nS_1/2 states with a homemade 480 nm laser in the second excitation step. In an experiment with cold Rb atoms, we excited the 42S_1/2 state and detected Rydberg atoms with a selective-field-ionization (SFI) detector that provides single-atom resolution. The resonance line shapes well agreed with numerical simulations in a three-level theoretical model. We also studied the multiatom spectra of Rydberg excitation of mesoscopic atom ensembles which are of interest to quantum information processing. In the experiment with hot Rb atoms, we first excited the 30S_1/2 state and observed a narrow Rydberg EIT resonance. Its line shape also agreed well with theory. Then, we performed a similar experiment with the higher 41S_1/2 state and observed the Autler–Townes splitting of the EIT resonance in the presence of a microwave field, which was in resonance with the microwave transition 41S→41P_3/2. This allowed us to measure the average strength of the microwave field and, thus, demonstrate the operation of a Rydberg microwave sensor. We may conclude that the developed homemade laser at 480 nm substantially extends our capabilities for further experiments on quantum information and quantum sensing with Rydberg atoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Atomic Spectroscopy)

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14 pages, 640 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Precision Spectroscopy of Radiation Transitions between Singlet Rydberg States of the Group IIb and Yb Atoms

by Igor L. Glukhov, Aleksandr A. Kamenski, Vitaly D. Ovsiannikov and Vitaly G. Palchikov

Photonics 2023, 10(10), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10101153 - 13 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1515

Abstract

The measurements of microwave (μw) and radio-frequency (RF) radiation quantitative parameters may be based on the quantum–optical approach to determine the spectral characteristics of radiation transitions between the Rydberg states of atoms. Frequencies and matrix elements are calculated for dipole transitions between opposite-parity [...] Read more.

n {L^{1}}_{L}

and

n^{'} {(L \pm 1)}^{1}_{L \pm 1}

(where

n^{'} =

n, n \pm 1, n \pm 2

) of the singlet series in the alkaline–earth–metal-like atoms of group IIb (Zn, Cd, Hg) and Yb. The matrix elements determine the shifts of Rydberg-state energy levels in the field of resonance μw or RF radiation, splitting the resonance of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for intensely absorbed probe radiation. Numerical computations based on the single-electron quantum defect method (QDM) and the Fues’ model potential (FMP) approach with the use of the most reliable data from the current literature on quantum defect values are performed for frequencies and matrix elements of transitions between singlet Rydberg states of ¹S₀-, ¹P₁-, ¹D₂-, and ¹F₃-series in Zn, Cd, Hg, and Yb atoms. The calculated data are approximated by polynomials in the powers of the principal quantum numbers. The polynomial coefficients are determined with the use of a standard curve-fitting interpolation polynomial procedure for numerically calculated functions. These approximation expressions provide new possibilities for accurately evaluating the frequencies and matrix elements of dipole transitions between Rydberg states over a wide range of quantum numbers n >> 1, accompanied by the emission and absorption of μw and RF photons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Atomic Spectroscopy)

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Review

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17 pages, 871 KiB

Open AccessReview

The 5P_3/2→6P_J(J=1/2,3/2) Electric Dipole Forbidden Transitions in Rubidium

by Francisco Ponciano-Ojeda, Cristian Mojica-Casique, Santiago Hernández-Gómez, Alberto Del Angel, Lina M. Hoyos-Campo, Jesús Flores-Mijangos, Fernando Ramírez-Martínez, Daniel Sahagún Sánchez, Rocío Jáuregui and José Jiménez-Mier

Photonics 2023, 10(12), 1335; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121335 - 1 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1825

Abstract

This paper presents a general review of the results of the experimental and theoretical work carried out by our research group to study the

5 P_{3 / 2} \to 6 P_{J}

electric quadrupole transition in atomic rubidium. The experiments were carried [...] Read more.

This paper presents a general review of the results of the experimental and theoretical work carried out by our research group to study the

5 P_{3 / 2} \to 6 P_{J}

electric quadrupole transition in atomic rubidium. The experiments were carried out with room-temperature atoms in an absorption cell. A steady-state population of atoms in the

5 P_{3 / 2}

excited state is produced by a a narrow-bandwidth preparation laser locked to the D2 transition. A second CW laser is used to produce the forbidden transition with resolution of the

6 P_{J}

hyperfine states of both rubidium isotopes. The process is detected by recording the 420(422) nm fluorescence that occurs when the atoms in the

6 P_{J}

state decay directly into the

5 S

ground state. The fluorescence spectra show a strong dependence on the relative polarization directions of the preparation laser and the beam producing the forbidden transition. This dependence is directly related to a strong anisotropy in the populations of the

5 P_{3 / 2}

intermediate magnetic substates, and also to the electric quadrupole selection rules over magnetic quantum numbers. A calculation based on the rate equations that includes velocity and detuning dependent transition rates is adequate to reproduce these results. The forbidden transition is also shown to be an ideal probe to measure the Autler–Townes splitting generated in the preparation of the

5 P_{3 / 2}

state. Examples of spectra obtained with cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) are also presented. These spectra show the expected Autler–Townes doublet structure with asymmetric line profiles that result as a consequence of the red-detuning of the trapping laser in the MOT. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Atomic Spectroscopy)

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