Integrated Optics and Devices

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2022) | Viewed by 17692

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Catalonia, Spain
Interests: plasmonics; polymer waveguide based sensor; fiber metasurface; raman spectroscopy; specialty fibers; OAM beam spectroscopy; optical communications; quantum optics; ENZ materials; bio and chemical sensors
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Guest Editor
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
Interests: nonlinear optics; ultra short pulse propagation in meta-materials and fibers; light-matter interaction; light matter interaction in two-level systems; structured light; optical angular momentum of optical beams and pulses; tailoring light in all its degrees of freedom; plasmonics; quantum plasmonics and plasmonic sensing

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Guest Editor
Electrical engineering department, École de technologie supérieure, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
Interests: the transmission of inhomogeneous optical beams; multi-material textile fibers
Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751013, India
Interests: interfrometry; plasmonics; nano-bio photonics
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
Interests: fiber optic sensors; novel photonic/microwave micro/nano materials; structures; devices and sensors; ultrafast laser machining; processing and characterization of micro/nano structures; materials and devices; sensors and instrumentation for applications in harsh environments; microwave-photonic sensing; imaging and spectroscopy; optical biomedical imaging and sensing
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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Louisiana State University , 3261 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Interests: spatial lipidomics; ferroptosis; Raman spectroscopy; cell death mechanism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This issue aims to highlight the continuous growth and advancement of the field of integrated optics, its applications, devices, materials and technologies, by soliciting papers that report progress in all branches of waveguide-based and fiber optics-based integrated optics (IO).

Recent advances in fabrication technologies, including novel and advanced material deposition methods of optical materials and high-resolution lithographic and replication techniques, have made unprecedented advances in the control of properties and geometry of waveguide (WG) structures and IO elements, down to the nanoscale level. This has enabled a broad range of new functionalities in light generation and amplification, frequency conversion, spectral filtering and analysis, routing, splitting, multiplexing, optical interconnections and laser locking, as well as advanced integration techniques for diverse applications. Continuing innovations in waveguide optics provide supporting platforms for integrated sensors, bio-applications, signal processing, optical communications, microwave photonics, deep learning, artificial intelligence and optofluidics, to name a few.

This Special Issue aims to provide an interdisciplinary update in this fast-evolving field and encourages the exchange of ideas related to diverse topics, ranging from waveguide materials down to the nanoscale structures, to active and passive devices and applications, manufacturing technologies and theoretical and experimental supporting tools. The topics include, but are not limited to:

  • WG optics of conventional and novel materials (polymers, hybrid sol-gel materials, semiconductors, dielectrics, ceramics, glasses, ferroelectrics, hybrid and photorefractive materials, chalcogenides, and subwavelength engineered metamaterials);
  • nonlinear (NL) WG optics (parametric conversion in WG devices, periodically-poled materials and poling techniques, NL materials for waveguide optics, applications of three- and four-wave mixing, stimulated scattering, self- and cross-phase modulation in WG devices, supercontinuum generation and applications involving propagation instabilities, filamentation and optical solitons in WG devices);
  • light-sound integrated circuits (forward and backward Brillouin scattering, waveguide structures for light and sound, applications of acousto-optic integrated devices, acoustic bandgap devices, coupling of light and sound in silicon, chalcogenides and other material platforms, surface acoustic wave devices, analysis and simulations of acousto-optic integrated devices);
  • integrated devices for quantum information processing and communications, for entanglement, squeezed states and other nonclassical states of light, quantum metrology, integrated devices for quantum sources and single photons emitters and detectors;
  • integrated magneto-optics and integration of magneto-optical materials on platforms (non-reciprocal devices, modulators, sensors);
  • integrated devices for deep learning and artificial intelligence;
  • bio photonics and waveguide sensors (evanescent-field based devices, grating and mirroring resonators, WG spectrometers, bio-applications, lab-on-a-chip);
  • rare-earth-doped integrated devices (optical amplifiers, CW and pulsed lasers, use of nano crystals as rare-earth sensitizers) for telecom, sensing and other applications.

Dr. Satyendra Kumar Mishra
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar Mishra
Prof. Dr. Bora Ung
Dr. Rajan Jha
Prof. Dr. Jie Huang
Prof. Dr. Manas Ranjan Gartia
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 10331 KiB  
Article
Development of High Refractive Index Polydimethylsiloxane Waveguides Doped with Benzophenone via Solvent-Free Fabrication for Biomedical Pressure Sensing
by Koffi Novignon Amouzou, Alberto Alonso Romero, Dipankar Sengupta, Satyendra Kumar Mishra, Andréane Richard-Denis, Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong, Yvan Petit, Jean-Marc Lina and Bora Ung
Photonics 2022, 9(8), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080557 - 9 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2562
Abstract
We present the fabrication and characterization of elastomeric optical waveguides, to be used for the manufacture of a conformable, water-resistant, and cost-effective pressure sensor that is amenable to the development of smart wearable health monitoring devices. To achieve this goal, high-sensitivity polydimethylsiloxane waveguides [...] Read more.
We present the fabrication and characterization of elastomeric optical waveguides, to be used for the manufacture of a conformable, water-resistant, and cost-effective pressure sensor that is amenable to the development of smart wearable health monitoring devices. To achieve this goal, high-sensitivity polydimethylsiloxane waveguides with a rectangular cross-section were fabricated. A new up-doping procedure, to tailor the refractive index of the ensuing waveguides, was experimentally developed using benzophenone additives. With this method we demonstrated a high refractive index change (up to +0.05) as a linear function of the benzophenone doping concentration. Propagation losses of about 0.37 dB/cm in the visible range and a high sensitivity to transverse compression of 0.10%/dB optical power loss were measured. It was also shown that one can further control the refractive index of the waveguide core and cladding regions through proper selection of the polydimethylsiloxane base to curing agent mixing ratio. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Optics and Devices)
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10 pages, 3937 KiB  
Communication
Bound States in the Continuum Empower Subwavelength Gratings for Refractometers in Visible
by Gunjan Yadav, Subrat Sahu, Ritesh Kumar and Rajan Jha
Photonics 2022, 9(5), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050292 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3766
Abstract
This paper describes a compact refractometer in visible with optical bounds states in the continuum (BICs) using silicon nitride (Si3N4) based sub-wavelength medium contrast gratings (MCGs). The proposed device is highly sensitive to different polarization states of light and [...] Read more.
This paper describes a compact refractometer in visible with optical bounds states in the continuum (BICs) using silicon nitride (Si3N4) based sub-wavelength medium contrast gratings (MCGs). The proposed device is highly sensitive to different polarization states of light and allows a wide dynamic range from 1.330 (aqueous environment) to 1.420 (biomolecules) monitoring, apart from its being thermally stable. The proposed sensor has a sensitivity of 363 nm/RIU for X polarized light and 137 nm/RIU for Y polarized light. The spectral characteristics have been obtained with a high angular resolution for the smaller angle of incidence, which confirms the BIC hybrid modes with good quality factors and enhanced field confinement. The device is based on a normal-to-the-surface optical launching strategy to achieve exceptional interrogation stability and alignment-free performance. This system can also be used in the CMOS photodetectors for on-chip label-free biosensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Optics and Devices)
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10 pages, 2183 KiB  
Communication
Versatile Sensing Structure: GaP/Au/Graphene/Silicon
by Satyendra Kumar Mishra, Rajneesh Kumar Verma and Akhilesh Kumar Mishra
Photonics 2021, 8(12), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120547 - 2 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2276
Abstract
A versatile sensing scheme for gas and biomolecule detection has been proposed theoretically using optimized GaP/Au/Graphene/Silicon structures. A Gallium Phosphide (GaP) prism is used as a substrate in the proposed surface plasmon resonance based sensing scheme, which is designed to be in Kretschmann [...] Read more.
A versatile sensing scheme for gas and biomolecule detection has been proposed theoretically using optimized GaP/Au/Graphene/Silicon structures. A Gallium Phosphide (GaP) prism is used as a substrate in the proposed surface plasmon resonance based sensing scheme, which is designed to be in Kretschmann configuration. The thicknesses of different constituent layers have been optimized for the maximum values of the sensitivities of the gas and bio-sensing probes. To delineate the role of the silicon layer, sensing probes without a silicon layer have also been numerically modelled and compared. The present GaP/Au/Graphene/Silicon probes possess higher values of sensitivity for the detection of gas and biomolecules compared to the conventional SPR sensing probes reported in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Optics and Devices)
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13 pages, 2988 KiB  
Article
Controlled Excitation of Supermodes in a Multicore Fiber with a 5 × 5 Square Array of Strongly Coupled Cores
by Nikolay A. Kalinin, Elena A. Anashkina, Olga N. Egorova, Sergey G. Zhuravlev, Sergei L. Semjonov, Arkady V. Kim, Alexander G. Litvak and Alexey V. Andrianov
Photonics 2021, 8(8), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080314 - 4 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2643
Abstract
Coherent propagation of supermodes in a multicore fiber is promising for power scaling of fiber laser systems, eliminating the need for the active feedback system to maintain the phases between the channels. We studied the propagation of broadband pulsed radiation at a central [...] Read more.
Coherent propagation of supermodes in a multicore fiber is promising for power scaling of fiber laser systems, eliminating the need for the active feedback system to maintain the phases between the channels. We studied the propagation of broadband pulsed radiation at a central wavelength of 1030 nm in a multicore fiber with coupled cores arranged in a square array. We designed and fabricated a silica multicore fiber with a 5 × 5 array of cores. For controllable excitation of a desired supermode, we developed a beam-forming system based on a spatial light modulator. We experimentally measured intensity and phase distributions of the supermodes, in particular, the in-phase and out-of-phase supermodes, which matched well the numerically calculated profiles. We obtained selective excitation and coherent propagation of broadband radiation with the content of the out-of-phase supermode of up to 90% maintained without active feedback. Using three-dimensional numerical modeling with allowance for a refractive index profile similar to those of the developed fiber, we demonstrated stable propagation of the out-of-phase supermode and collapse of the in-phase supermode at a high signal power. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Optics and Devices)
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Review

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24 pages, 4300 KiB  
Review
Roadmap on Universal Photonic Biosensors for Real-Time Detection of Emerging Pathogens
by Morgan G. Blevins, Alvaro Fernandez-Galiana, Milo J. Hooper and Svetlana V. Boriskina
Photonics 2021, 8(8), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080342 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5119
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it abundantly clear that the state-of-the-art biosensors may not be adequate for providing a tool for rapid mass testing and population screening in response to newly emerging pathogens. The main limitations of the conventional techniques are their dependency [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it abundantly clear that the state-of-the-art biosensors may not be adequate for providing a tool for rapid mass testing and population screening in response to newly emerging pathogens. The main limitations of the conventional techniques are their dependency on virus-specific receptors and reagents that need to be custom-developed for each recently-emerged pathogen, the time required for this development as well as for sample preparation and detection, the need for biological amplification, which can increase false positive outcomes, and the cost and size of the necessary equipment. Thus, new platform technologies that can be readily modified as soon as new pathogens are detected, sequenced, and characterized are needed to enable rapid deployment and mass distribution of biosensors. This need can be addressed by the development of adaptive, multiplexed, and affordable sensing technologies that can avoid the conventional biological amplification step, make use of the optical and/or electrical signal amplification, and shorten both the preliminary development and the point-of-care testing time frames. We provide a comparative review of the existing and emergent photonic biosensing techniques by matching them to the above criteria and capabilities of preventing the spread of the next global pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Optics and Devices)
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