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Photonics
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On-Chip Photonics
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On-Chip Photonics

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 9653

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Swillam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
Interests: nanophotonics; nanophysics; silicon photonics; solar energy; computational electromagn
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to announce a Special Issue on "On-Chip Photonics" In recent years, photonic devices have been widely utilized in many daily applications, including on-chip sensors, laser scanners, telecommunications, and data center communications. Furthermore, on-chip photonics have demonstrated great potential for novel applications such as metalenses for virtual and augmented reality and integrated circuits for quantum computing and communications.

The on-chip photonics industry has been growing rapidly thanks to the maturity level that chip foundries have reached in fabricating such chips with industrial-level accuracy and mass production.

In this Special Issue, we invite authors from various fields to present their recent findings in the area of on-chip photonics applications. Areas of interest may include but are not limited to:

  1. Co Packaged Optics for telecommunications and optical transceivers;
  2. Design of novel photonic devices and systems for telecommunication applications;
  3. Novel software and modeling tools for photonic devices and systems;
  4. Latest industrial applications and challenges;
  5. Applications of metasurfaces in industrial applications;
  6. Recent advances in materials for photonic devices;
  7. Novel characterization and fabrication methodologies, techniques, and industrial systems;
  8. Novel devices and systems for sensing applications;
  9. Machine learning and artificial intelligence applications for photonic devices.

We look forward to receiving your submissions and publishing a high-quality Special Issue that showcases the latest advances in on-chip photonics.

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Swillam
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 28796 KiB  
Article
Enhancing a Display’s Sunlight Readability with Tone Mapping
by Yizhou Qian, Sung-Chun Chen, En-Lin Hsiang, Hajime Akimoto, Chih-Lung Lin and Shin-Tson Wu
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060578 - 20 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1430
Abstract
The sunlight readability of display devices, such as notebook computers, transparent displays, vehicle displays, and augmented reality, is a significant technical challenge due to degraded image quality. To mitigate this problem, by fitting the human eye function, we propose a tone mapping method [...] Read more.
The sunlight readability of display devices, such as notebook computers, transparent displays, vehicle displays, and augmented reality, is a significant technical challenge due to degraded image quality. To mitigate this problem, by fitting the human eye function, we propose a tone mapping method on a mobile phone display panel to enhance low grayscale image readability under bright ambient light. Additionally, we adapt a mini-LED backlight model to simulate real images under different ambient lighting conditions. Both experimental and simulated results indicate that high luminance displays with an optimized gamma value significantly enhance sunlight readability and image quality. Moreover, global color rendering can alleviate color shift. Such a method is also valid for the optimization of optical see-through devices under diverse environmental conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue On-Chip Photonics)
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15 pages, 1147 KiB  
Article
Impact of Grating Duty-Cycle Randomness on DFB Laser Performance
by Manpo Yang, Xiangpeng Kong and Xun Li
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060574 - 19 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1094
Abstract
The duty-cycle randomness (DCR) of the Bragg grating of the distributed feedback (DFB) lasers introduced by the fabrication process is inevitable, even with state-of-the-art technologies such as electron beam lithography and dry or wet etching.This work investigates the impact of grating DCR on [...] Read more.
The duty-cycle randomness (DCR) of the Bragg grating of the distributed feedback (DFB) lasers introduced by the fabrication process is inevitable, even with state-of-the-art technologies such as electron beam lithography and dry or wet etching.This work investigates the impact of grating DCR on DFB laser performance through numerical simulations. The result reveals that such randomness causes a reduction in the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR), and deteriorates the noise characteristics, i.e., broadens the linewidth and increases the relative intensity noise (RIN). With the grating DCR, the effective grating coupling coefficient decreases as evidenced by the reduced Bragg stopband width. However, the longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) effect in the DFB lasers can somewhat be diminished by the grating DCR. The seriousness of these effects depends on different grating structures and their coupling strengths. Our simulation shows that a degradation of 17 dB can be brought to the SMSR of the uniform grating DFB lasers with their duty cycles taking a deviation of ±25% in a uniformly distributed random fashion. It also broadens the linewidth of the quarter-wavelength phase-shifted DFB lasers by more than 2.5 folds. The impact of this effect on the RIN is moderate—less than 2%. All the performance deteriorations can partially be attributed to the effective reduction in the grating coupling coefficient of around 20% by such a DCR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue On-Chip Photonics)
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14 pages, 4431 KiB  
Article
Highly Sensitive On-Chip Grating-Based Optical Sensor on Glass Substrate: Cost-Effective Design
by Hesham A. Attia, Mulan E. Ahmed, Adel Shaaban Awad Elsharkawi and Mohamed A. Swillam
Photonics 2024, 11(3), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030194 - 22 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1866
Abstract
This paper presents a novel on-chip optical sensing system using ion exchange technology and phase-shifted Bragg grating design. The sensor geometry has been optimized using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) solver to achieve maximum sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM). The proposed [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel on-chip optical sensing system using ion exchange technology and phase-shifted Bragg grating design. The sensor geometry has been optimized using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) solver to achieve maximum sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM). The proposed design offers high sensitivity to changes in refractive index and low fabrication costs. The ion exchange process used to create the sensor allows for precise refractive index control, optimizing the sensor’s sensitivity and FOM. A graded-index waveguide and a phase-shifted Bragg grating structure also contribute to the sensor’s high sensitivity. The proposed sensor design was tested for water-based sensing applications, achieving a FOM of 227.63 and a 343.1 nm/RIU sensitivity. These values are significantly higher than those reported for other Bragg grating sensors, highlighting the potential of the proposed design for high-performance sensing applications. The sensor’s high sensitivity and low fabrication costs make it a promising technology for future sensing and monitoring applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue On-Chip Photonics)
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17 pages, 7012 KiB  
Article
Foundry-Processed Compact and Broadband Adiabatic Optical Power Splitters with Strong Fabrication Tolerance
by Can Ozcan, J. Stewart Aitchison and Mo Mojahedi
Photonics 2023, 10(12), 1310; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121310 - 27 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1594
Abstract
Optical power splitters play a crucial role as the fundamental building blocks for many integrated optical devices. They should have low losses, a broad bandwidth, and a high tolerance to fabrication errors. Adiabatic optical power splitters inherently possess these qualities while being compatible [...] Read more.
Optical power splitters play a crucial role as the fundamental building blocks for many integrated optical devices. They should have low losses, a broad bandwidth, and a high tolerance to fabrication errors. Adiabatic optical power splitters inherently possess these qualities while being compatible with foundry processes well suited for mass production. The long device lengths of adiabatic power splitters, however, are a limiting factor to achieve compact device sizes, which must be reduced. Here, we used a polynomial taper profile optimization algorithm to design 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 adiabatic power splitters with significantly shorter lengths than their adiabatic counterparts. The best-performing 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 power splitters had 20 μm and 16 μm coupling lengths, respectively. Our designs had minimum feature sizes ranging from 140 nm to 200 nm, and our measurements averaged across nine different chips showed excellent consistency in performance for devices with 180 nm and 200 nm minimum features. Both the 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 adiabatic optical power splitters had excess losses less than 0.7 dB over a 100 nm bandwidth, with a standard deviation lower than 0.3 dB. Furthermore, our measurements showed splitting ratios within 50 ± 3% over a 130 nm bandwidth. We also demonstrated the design of 1 × 2 power splitters with arbitrary splitting ratios, where splitting ratios ranging from 50:50 to 94:6 were achieved with standard deviations between 2% and 6%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue On-Chip Photonics)
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Review

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14 pages, 2278 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Graphene-Enabled Silicon-Based High-Speed Optoelectronic Devices—A Review
by Yadvendra Singh and Harish Subbaraman
Photonics 2023, 10(12), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121292 - 23 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2763
Abstract
Silicon (Si) photonics has emerged as a prominent technology for meeting the escalating requirements of high-speed data transmission in optical communication systems. These systems need to be compact, energy-efficient, and capable of handling large amounts of data, driven by the advent of next-generation [...] Read more.
Silicon (Si) photonics has emerged as a prominent technology for meeting the escalating requirements of high-speed data transmission in optical communication systems. These systems need to be compact, energy-efficient, and capable of handling large amounts of data, driven by the advent of next-generation communication devices. Recently, there have been significant activities in exploring graphene within silicon-based components to enhance the overall performance metrics of optoelectronic subsystems. Graphene’s high mobility of charge carriers makes it appealing for the next generation of high-performance devices, especially in high-speed optoelectronics. However, due to its zero bandgap, graphene is unlikely to replace silicon entirely, but it exhibits potential as a catalyst for silicon-based devices, namely in high-speed electronics and optical modulators, where its distinctive characteristics can facilitate progress in silicon photonics and other fields. This paper aims to provide an objective review of the advances made within the realm of graphene-integrated Si photonics for high-speed light modulation and detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue On-Chip Photonics)
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