Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacy Practice II

A special issue of Pharmacy (ISSN 2226-4787). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacy Practice and Practice-Based Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2024) | Viewed by 7442

Special Issue Editors

Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: pharmaceutical care; medication management; pharmacy services
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: medication management; health care; pharmaceutical care; pharmacy services
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Medicines are among the most common medical interventions for the treatment, prevention, and therapy of chronic diseases. Additionally, a continuous increase in the prevalence of chronic medical conditions is expected alongside the accompanying polypharmacy. This scenario renders chronic patients at an increased risk of experiencing drug therapy problems, hence adding substantial costs to the health care system and exceeding the amount spent on the medications themselves. Thus, to ensure patients’ optimal medication use and improve their clinical outcomes, comprehensive and systematic management of medications is deemed crucial. In the last few decades, pharmacists have played a crucial role in the medication management through provision of various pharmaceutical services. Pharmacy services provided by trained pharmacists can bridge this gap by increasing rational drug use, improving the prescribing of medicines, and reducing the unnecessary and often harmful use of medications and the resulting complications. In the era of aging populations, polypharmacy, multiple chronic conditions, complex and decreasingly manageable therapy regimens, pharmaceutical services (e.g., Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM) services) are especially important for chronic elderly patients taking five or more medicines, often potentially inappropriate ones, who are at an increased risk of experiencing medication errors, ADEs, duplications of therapy and detrimental interactions, and who often fail to reach therapy goals.

We invite you to share your research in relation to the role of pharmaceutical care practitioner providing medication management in various clinical environments (community pharmacy, hospital, primary care-based CMM services). Manuscripts in the form of articles, reviews, meta-analyses, commentaries, and opinion pieces will be considered and accepted for publication. We invite research papers that are both qualitative and quantitative in nature. We hope this Special Issue will inspire pharmacists and researchers to share their own practices and adopt new approaches and innovate to make improvements in health care provision.

Dr. Iva Mucalo
Dr. Andrea Brajkovic
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • pharmaceutical care
  • medication management
  • comprehensive medication management services
  • pharmacy services
  • primary care
  • drug therapy problems
  • potentially inappropriate medicines
  • polypharmacy
  • clinical outcomes

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1504 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Operational Efficiency and Service Delivery through a Robotic Dispensing System: A Case Study from a Retail Pharmacy in Brazil
by Karen Basile, Monserrat Martínez, Julia D. Lucaci, Claudia Goldblatt and Idal Beer
Pharmacy 2024, 12(5), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12050130 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1360
Abstract
Drug dispensing in retail pharmacies typically involves several manual tasks that often lead to inefficiencies and errors. This is the first published quality improvement study in Latin America, specifically in Brazil, investigating the operational impacts of implementing a robotic dispensing system in a [...] Read more.
Drug dispensing in retail pharmacies typically involves several manual tasks that often lead to inefficiencies and errors. This is the first published quality improvement study in Latin America, specifically in Brazil, investigating the operational impacts of implementing a robotic dispensing system in a retail pharmacy. Through observational techniques, we measured the time required for the following pharmacy workflows before and after implementing the robotic dispensing system: customer service, receiving stock, stocking inventory, separation, invoicing, and packaging of online orders for delivery. Time savings were observed across all workflows within the pharmacy, notably in receiving stock and online order separation, which experienced 70% and 75% reductions in total time, respectively. Furthermore, customer service, stocking, invoicing, and packaging of online orders, also saw total time reductions from 36% to 53% after implementation of the robotic dispensing system. This study demonstrates an improvement in the pharmacy’s operational efficiency post-implementation of the robotic dispensing system. These findings highlight the potential for such automated systems to streamline pharmacy operations, improve staff time efficiency, and enhance service delivery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacy Practice II)
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26 pages, 20368 KiB  
Article
Developing Medication Reviews to Improve the Aruban Healthcare System: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study
by Minke L. Copinga, Ellen A. Kok, Anke J. J. van Dam, Anoeska Wever, Adrienne Tromp and Herman J. Woerdenbag
Pharmacy 2024, 12(4), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12040108 - 12 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1348
Abstract
This study investigated whether and how medication reviews (MRs) conducted by pharmacists and general practitioners (GPs) with patient involvement can be performed on the island of Aruba (Dutch Caribbean). In this mixed-methods pilot study (both qualitative and quantitative), constructive and observational methodologies were [...] Read more.
This study investigated whether and how medication reviews (MRs) conducted by pharmacists and general practitioners (GPs) with patient involvement can be performed on the island of Aruba (Dutch Caribbean). In this mixed-methods pilot study (both qualitative and quantitative), constructive and observational methodologies were combined. Healthcare providers’ and patients’ views on MRs and aspects of Aruban healthcare and culture relevant to MRs were examined. These insights were used to develop a protocol for conducting and implementing MRs in Aruba. Surveys were distributed and semi-structured interviews were held among Aruban community pharmacists and GPs, and a pilot program was created in which MRs were carried out with four Aruban patients and their GPs. According to the included healthcare providers, the main purpose of MRs is to optimize the patient experience and achieve concordance. Even though pharmacists and GPs consider their partnership equal, they have different views as to who should bear which responsibility in the MR process in matters regarding patient selection and follow-up. Common Aruban themes that were mentioned by the healthcare providers and deemed relevant for conducting MRs included behaviour/culture, healthcare, lifestyle, and therapy compliance. Anamnesis should be concise during the MR, and questions about medication storage, concerns, beliefs, and practical problems, as well as checks for limited health literacy, were considered important. In the pilot, at least three to, maximally, eight pharmacotherapy-related problems (PRPs) were detected per MR consultation, such as an incorrect dosage of acetylsalicylic acid, an inappropriate combination tablet for blood pressure regulation, and the absence of important laboratory values. All patients considered their consultation to be positive and of added value. In addition, it was observed that an MR can potentially generate cost savings. The information obtained from the healthcare providers and patients, together with the basic principles for MRs, as applied in the Netherlands, led to a definitive and promising MR format with practical recommendations for community pharmacists in Aruba: in comparison with the Dutch MR approach, GPs and pharmacists in Aruba could collaborate more on patient selection for MRs and their follow-up, because of their specific knowledge regarding the medications patients are taking chronically (pharmacists), and possible low levels of health literacy (GPs). Taking into account the Aruban culture, pharmacists could ask extra questions during MRs, referring to lifestyle (high prevalence of obesity), readability of medication labels (limited literacy), and herbal product use (Latin American culture). GPs and medical specialists sometimes experience miscommunication regarding the prescription of medication, which means that pharmacists must carefully take into account possible duplicate medications or interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacy Practice II)
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17 pages, 800 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Determinants of Self-Medication Practices among Cardiovascular Patients from Béja, North West Tunisia: A Community-Pharmacy-Based Survey
by Maria Suciu, Lavinia Vlaia, Eya Boujneh, Liana Suciu, Valentina Oana Buda, Narcisa Jianu, Vicențiu Vlaia and Carmen Cristescu
Pharmacy 2024, 12(2), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12020068 - 12 Apr 2024
Viewed by 2621
Abstract
In Tunisia, self-medication is a common practice, and there is a continual rise in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Given the lack of data on the self-medication practices (SMPs) among cardiovascular patients in this area, the present study aimed to identify the prevalence [...] Read more.
In Tunisia, self-medication is a common practice, and there is a continual rise in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Given the lack of data on the self-medication practices (SMPs) among cardiovascular patients in this area, the present study aimed to identify the prevalence and determinants of SMPs among cardiovascular patients in the city of Béja. A community-pharmacy-based survey was conducted among selected cardiovascular patients in Béja, Tunisia, from May 2021 to June 2021. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire provided by pharmacists during in-person surveys with patients. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. The frequency of self-medication among the 150 respondents was 96%; 70.14% of participants reported that the primary reason why people engage in self-medication is the existence of an old prescription. The most prevalent conditions leading patients to self-medicate were headaches (100%), fever (83.33%), toothache (65.97%), and dry cough (47.92%). The most frequently self-administered drugs were paracetamol (100%), antibiotics (56.94%), and antitussives (47.92%). The results of our study indicate that SMPs among Tunisian cardiovascular patients have a high prevalence. With this in mind, healthcare practitioners should ask their patients about their self-medication practices and advise cardiovascular patients about the risks and benefits associated with this practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacy Practice II)
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12 pages, 463 KiB  
Article
Recognition of Community Pharmacists’ Behaviors Related to Information Sharing: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Ryota Kumaki, Chika Kiyozuka, Mika Naganuma, Satoshi Yuge, Ryota Tsukioka, Hidehiko Sakurai and Keiko Kishimoto
Pharmacy 2024, 12(2), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12020063 - 6 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1634
Abstract
With the recent shift in community pharmacist services toward in-person services and the growing need for centralized and continuous medication management/monitoring, pharmacist–patient information sharing is crucial. This study investigated the pharmacist–patient gap in the recognition of pharmacists’ behaviors regarding information sharing and assessed [...] Read more.
With the recent shift in community pharmacist services toward in-person services and the growing need for centralized and continuous medication management/monitoring, pharmacist–patient information sharing is crucial. This study investigated the pharmacist–patient gap in the recognition of pharmacists’ behaviors regarding information sharing and assessed the potential impact of such recognition on patient trust and willingness to self-disclose. This cross-sectional study included 600 patients (aged 21–85 years) using pharmacy services (surveyed online in December 2020) and 591 community pharmacists with ≥1 year of experience (surveyed from September to November 2021). Both groups responded to items on the recognition of pharmacists’ behaviors regarding information sharing. There were patient-specific items on trust in community pharmacists and willingness to self-disclose. For all items on the recognition of pharmacists’ behaviors, patients’ scores were significantly lower (4–5) than pharmacists’ own scores (≥5), revealing a notable perception gap. Patients’ recognition had a positive, direct effect on trust and willingness, and trust had a positive, direct effect on willingness. Patients’ recognition and trust positively influenced their willingness to self-disclose. Pharmacist communication with clear intent is important to bridge the gaps in pharmacist–patient recognition and foster effective patient–pharmacist relationships. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacy Practice II)
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