Advanced Nanosystems and Emerging Therapies: Innovations in Tuberculosis Treatment and Drug Resistance

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmaceutical Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 24 April 2026 | Viewed by 1622

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Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-Jaú Road, Araraquara 148000-903, SP, Brazil
Interests: mycobacterium tuberculosis; new drugs; biological assays; antibiotics; antibiotics resistance
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Guest Editor
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800903, Brazil
Interests: peptide discovery; peptide conjugates; antimicrobial peptides; nanodrugs; infectious diseases; tuberculosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in the fight against tuberculosis (TB), a disease that continues to challenge global health, particularly with the rise of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Conventional therapies often suffer from limitations such as poor bioavailability, long treatment durations, and adverse side effects. Nanosystems, through their capacity for targeted drug delivery, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced toxicity, offer promising solutions to overcome these barriers. Recent advancements in nanosystems have shown potential not only in delivering existing anti-TB drugs more effectively but also in the development of new therapeutic strategies and vaccines.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue which focuses on the potential of nanosystems in antituberculosis therapy. This collection of papers will highlight the latest scientific developments in the use of nanotechnology to improve TB treatment outcomes, especially in addressing drug resistance and minimizing side effects, aligning with the journal’s commitment to publishing cutting-edge research in the field of tuberculosis therapy.

This Special Issue aims to gather innovative research on the application of nanosystems in the treatment of TB. The goal is to present a collection of original research articles and reviews that contribute to advancing nanotechnology-based therapies and their translation into clinical settings. This topic fits within the journal’s scope by exploring novel approaches to TB treatment through interdisciplinary collaboration in pharmaceutical sciences, nanomedicine, and microbiology.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following themes:

  • Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis;
  • The development of liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles for TB therapy;
  • Nanocarriers designed to enhance intracellular delivery of anti-TB drugs;
  • Overcoming drug resistance through nanotechnology-enhanced therapeutics;
  • The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of nanomedicines for TB;
  • The safety, toxicity, and immune responses related to nanosystems in TB treatment;
  • Preclinical and clinical studies on nanotechnology in TB therapy;
  • Nanotechnology-enhanced vaccines for tuberculosis;
  • In silico studies of new anti-TB agents.

We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions.

Dr. Fernando Rogério Pavan
Dr. Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nanosystems
  • tuberculosis therapy
  • drug delivery
  • multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
  • nanotechnology-based therapeutics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3061 KB  
Article
Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of 4-(Arylchalcogenyl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl-menadione: Exploring Their Potential Against Tuberculosis
by Nathália L. B. Santos, Luana S. Gomes, Ruan C. B. Ribeiro, Alcione S. de Carvalho, Maria Cristina S. Lourenço, Laís Machado Marins, Sandy Polycarpo Valle, Thiago H. Doring, Adriano D. Andricopulo, Aldo S. de Oliveira, Vitor F. Ferreira, Fernando de C. da Silva, Luana da Silva Magalhães Forezi and Vanessa Nascimento
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(6), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18060797 - 26 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 970
Abstract
Background/Objectives: In this study, a novel series of 4-(arylchalcogenyl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl-menadione derivatives were synthesized to explore their potential as new antituberculosis (anti-TB) agents. Selenium-containing compounds are known for their significant antimycobacterial activity, which motivated their inclusion in the design. Methods: The target compounds were synthesized [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: In this study, a novel series of 4-(arylchalcogenyl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl-menadione derivatives were synthesized to explore their potential as new antituberculosis (anti-TB) agents. Selenium-containing compounds are known for their significant antimycobacterial activity, which motivated their inclusion in the design. Methods: The target compounds were synthesized via a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, affording yields ranging from 34% to 93%. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for anti-TB activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294), as well as a drug-resistant strain (T113/09). Results: Several selenium-containing derivatives exhibited promising activity. Compounds 9b and 9g were equipotent to the first-line anti-TB drug, and one compound surpassed its activity. Notably, compounds 9a, 9b, 9g, and 9h also showed efficacy against the INH- and RIF-resistant Mtb strain T113/09. Conclusions: The efficacy of selenium-containing triazole-menadione hybrids against both sensitive and resistant Mtb strains highlight their potential as candidates for addressing antimicrobial resistance in TB treatment. Further investigations are required to understand their mechanisms of action and assess their in vivo therapeutic potential.. Full article
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Review

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39 pages, 1400 KB  
Review
Peptide-Based Strategies Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Covering Immunomodulation, Vaccines, Synergistic Therapy, and Nanodelivery
by Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda, Subham Kumar Vishwakarma, Oswaldo Julio Ramirez Delgado, Heitor Leocadio de Souza Rodrigues, Laura M. D. Primo, Isabella Cardeal Campos, Tulio Spina de Lima, João Perdigão and Fernando Rogério Pavan
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(10), 1440; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18101440 - 25 Sep 2025
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide, with rising multidrug resistance limiting the effectiveness of conventional treatments. Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to complement or replace existing regimens. Among emerging candidates, antimicrobial peptides [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide, with rising multidrug resistance limiting the effectiveness of conventional treatments. Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to complement or replace existing regimens. Among emerging candidates, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) stand out as versatile molecules capable of exerting direct antimycobacterial effects while also modulating the host immune response. This review explores peptide-based strategies against TB, with a focus on four major axes of innovation. First, we examine host-directed pathways, including the vitamin D–cathelicidin axis and other immunomodulatory mechanisms and their regulatory role in the induction of endogenous AMPs such as cathelicidin LL-37, which contributes to host-directed defense. Second, we discuss peptide-based vaccines designed to elicit robust and durable protective immunity, representing a complementary alternative to classical vaccine approaches. Third, we highlight the synergistic potential of AMPs in combination with first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs, aiming to restore or enhance bactericidal activity against resistant strains. Finally, we analyze technological platforms, including nanocarriers and inhalable formulations, that enable targeted pulmonary delivery, improve peptide stability, and enhance bioavailability. By integrating molecular design, immune modulation, and advanced delivery systems, peptide-based strategies provide a multifaceted approach to overcoming the limitations of current TB therapy. Collectively, these advances position AMPs not only as promising standalone agents but also as key components in combination and host-directed therapies, with strong potential to reshape the future clinical management of tuberculosis. Full article
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