Effects of Drug Abuse and Its Consequences on Health

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 532

Special Issue Editors


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LAQV/REQUIMTE, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
Interests: psychoactives; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; pharmacology; clinical toxicology; analytical toxicology; forensic toxicology; drug discovery; toxicogenetics
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Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
Interests: neurotoxicity; hepatotoxicity; cardiotoxicity; pesticides; drugs of abuse

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Substance abuse remains a major public health challenge, with both illicit and prescription drugs exerting complex and often severe toxicological effects on multiple biological systems. The consequences of drug misuse extend beyond acute intoxication, contributing to long-term physiological, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Advances in toxicology, neuroscience, and public health research have deepened our understanding of the multifaceted impact of substance abuse, yet critical knowledge gaps persist in assessing its full spectrum of consequences.

Cutting-edge analytical and experimental approaches, including high-resolution mass spectrometry, neuroimaging, and multi-omics methodologies, have significantly improved our ability to detect and characterize drug-induced damage at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. Moreover, new therapeutic interventions, such as psychedelic-assisted therapy and pharmacological modulation of addiction pathways, are opening new perspectives for harm reduction and treatment.

This Special Issue will bring together innovative research exploring the toxicological, pharmacological, and health-related effects of drug abuse. We encourage submissions that investigate novel biomarkers of drug-induced toxicity, emerging psychoactive substances, and therapeutic strategies. Original research, systematic reviews, and interdisciplinary studies integrating forensic toxicology are particularly welcome.

Dr. Diana Dias Da Silva
Dr. Marcelo Dutra Arbo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • psychoactive substances
  • drug abuse
  • toxicological effects
  • neurotoxicity
  • substance use disorder
  • biomarkers of toxicity
  • public health impact
  • addiction mechanisms
  • harm reduction strategies
  • novel psychoactive substance (NPS)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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19 pages, 1651 KB  
Systematic Review
Poisoning with Thyroid Hormones Used Illegally—Systematic Review
by Monika Skrzypiec-Spring, Krzysztof Kujawa, Anna Wietrzyk, Paulina Matuła, Magdalena Materna, Wiktoria Michalska, Dorota Szumny and Adam Szeląg
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(12), 1808; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18121808 - 27 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Thyroid hormones, considered safe in therapeutic doses, are used to treat hypothyroidism, a common condition. Due to a combination of factors, including their mechanism of action, availability, and low price, these drugs are used illegally, mainly to improve performance, to assist [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Thyroid hormones, considered safe in therapeutic doses, are used to treat hypothyroidism, a common condition. Due to a combination of factors, including their mechanism of action, availability, and low price, these drugs are used illegally, mainly to improve performance, to assist in weight loss, or for attempting suicide. Their overuse can lead to serious health consequences, including death. Although thyroid hormones are abused, there are no studies assessing the scale, characteristics, and consequences of their illegal use. The aim of this study was to evaluate case reports of thyroid hormone poisoning from the last 30 years, assessing their dynamics and characteristics. Methods: Full-text clinical case studies were obtained by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for the following terms: “thyroid hormones”, “thyroxine”, “levothyroxine”, “triiodothyronine”, and “liothyronine”, as well as “intoxication”, “overdose”, and “poisoning”. This study adhered to Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews. Results: Thyroid hormones are abused particularly by athletes, persons trying to lose weight, or those attempting suicide. There has been an upward trend in thyroid hormone poisoning over the past 30 years, particularly since 2015. The same trend has been observed in cases of thyroid hormone use for doping, among other performance-enhancing drugs. Thyroid hormone use for doping was the most common cause of poisoning with these drugs, with other clinical manifestations from poisonings due to other causes. No upward trend has been observed in the use of thyroid hormones in suicide attempts since 2017, as this number remains stable. Conclusions: Although exploratory in nature, our work indicates that thyroid hormone poisoning, associated mostly with the illegal use of anabolic–androgenic steroids, exhibits an increasing tendency. Moreover, thyroid hormone abuse is an important issue in suicidology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Drug Abuse and Its Consequences on Health)
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