Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells as Pharmacological Targets for Acute Oxidative Stress

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2024) | Viewed by 1146

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Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
Interests: pulmonary hypertension; apoptosis; microcirculation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in physiological cell signaling. However, excessive levels of ROS damage cells. Acute oxidative stress results from ischemia reperfusion injuries such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular occlusion during surgery in addition to acute injuries such as traumatic brain injury. While great attention has been devoted to limiting damage from acute oxidative stress on the surrounding tissue, the development of strategies to limit smooth muscle and endothelial cell damage to maintain perfusion to the effected tissue is emerging as a promising therapeutic focus.

Damage to smooth muscle and endothelial cells can impair vasomotor control and result in cell death. Recent efforts have begun to evaluate how to ameliorate this damage. In this Special Issue, we seek to bring together research from experts in the field to highlight pharmacological targets to limit vascular cell damage in response to acute oxidative stress. I look forward to receiving your valuable contributions.

Dr. Charles E. Norton
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • reactive oxygen species
  • oxidative stress
  • smooth muscle cells
  • endothelium
  • ischemia/reperfusion
  • stroke
  • myocardial infarction
  • traumatic brain injury

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 4324 KiB  
Article
Plasminogen Activation Inhibitor-1 Promotes Resilience to Acute Oxidative Stress in Cerebral Arteries from Females
by Safa and Charles E. Norton
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(9), 1210; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091210 - 14 Sep 2024
Viewed by 681
Abstract
Plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays a central role in thrombus formation leading to stroke; however, the contributions of PAI-1 to cellular damage in response to reactive oxygen species which are elevated during reperfusion are unknown. Given that PAI-1 can limit apoptosis, we hypothesized [...] Read more.
Plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays a central role in thrombus formation leading to stroke; however, the contributions of PAI-1 to cellular damage in response to reactive oxygen species which are elevated during reperfusion are unknown. Given that PAI-1 can limit apoptosis, we hypothesized that PAI increases the resilience of cerebral arteries to H2O2 (200 µM). Cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial ROS production were evaluated in pressurized mouse posterior cerebral arteries from males and females. The effects of pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PAI-1 signaling were evaluated with the inhibitor PAI-039 (10 µM) and PAI-1 knockout mice, respectively. During exposure to H2O2, PCAs from male mice lacking PAI-1 had reduced mitochondrial depolarization and smooth muscle cell death, and PAI-039 increased EC death. In contrast, mitochondrial depolarization and cell death were augmented in female PCAs. With no effect of PAI-1 inhibition on resting mitochondrial ROS production, vessels from female PAI-1 knockout mice had increased mitochondrial ROS generation during H2O2 exposure. During acute exposure to oxidative stress, protein ablation of PAI-1 enhances cell death in posterior cerebral arteries from females while limiting cell death in males. These findings provide important considerations for blood flow restoration during stroke treatment. Full article
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