Pharmacotherapy and Molecular Biomarkers of Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2026) | Viewed by 1067

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
Interests: pharmacogenetics; molecular biomarkers; cardiovascular diseases; metabolic diseases; precision medicine; transcriptomics; inflammation; gene–environment interaction

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
Interests: pharmacogenetics; cardiovascular diseases; precision medicine; molecular biomarkers; translational medicine; pharmacotherapy; microbiota and cardiovascular diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and heart failure, remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These conditions often share overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms and frequently coexist, increasing clinical complexity and risk. Despite advances in pharmacological treatments, significant interindividual variability in drug responses and disease progression persists, highlighting the need for more personalized approaches.

This Special Issue aims to present original research at the intersection of pharmacotherapy and molecular biomarker discovery, with the goal of improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We invite contributions from clinical and experimental studies, including those addressing genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic biomarkers, as well as research on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic variability, and precision medicine strategies.

Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Biomarkers for treatment response, risk stratification, or disease monitoring.
  • New therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of action.
  • Pharmacogenomic and pharmacometabolic studies.
  • Translational models linking omics data with clinical outcomes.
  • Integration of molecular data into therapeutic decision-making.

We cordially invite researchers, clinicians, and interdisciplinary teams working in pharmacology, molecular biology, cardiometabolic medicine, and interdisciplinary research to contribute to this Special Issue. Whether your research is laboratory-based, clinical, or translational, we look forward to your contributions and promoting scientific exchange that supports the development of more effective and personalized therapies for cardiometabolic diseases.

Dr. Kathleen F. Saavedra Peña
Dr. Nicolás R. Saavedra Cuevas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • molecular biomarkers
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • metabolic diseases
  • precision medicine
  • pharmacogenomics
  • translational research
  • omics technologies
  • drug response variability
  • personalized medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

30 pages, 804 KB  
Review
Multidimensional Predictors of Tirzepatide Efficacy: Clinical, Genetic, and Molecular Biomarkers for Glycemic, Weight, and Organ Protection
by Min Hyeok Shin, Jin Woo Jeong, Se Eun Ha, Rajan Singh, Moon Young Lee, Seungil Ro and Tae Yang Yu
Pharmaceuticals 2026, 19(5), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph19050791 - 19 May 2026
Viewed by 682
Abstract
Tirzepatide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist, demonstrates robust efficacy in glycemic control and weight reduction. However, substantial interindividual variability in treatment response is observed in clinical practice. In this narrative review, we summarize current evidence on [...] Read more.
Tirzepatide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist, demonstrates robust efficacy in glycemic control and weight reduction. However, substantial interindividual variability in treatment response is observed in clinical practice. In this narrative review, we summarize current evidence on clinical, genetic, and molecular predictors of tirzepatide response and discuss their implications for a precision medicine framework. Data from pivotal clinical trials, post hoc analyses, and relevant preclinical and clinical studies were evaluated to identify determinants of glycemic and weight loss responses, as well as hepatic and renal protective effects. Key clinical predictors include tirzepatide dose, duration of diabetes, β-cell function, baseline glycated hemoglobin, sex, age, race, concomitant therapies, and early treatment response. Genetic factors implicated in treatment variability include variants in GLP-1 receptor, GIP receptor, β-arrestin 1, transcription factor 7-like 2, fat mass and obesity-associated protein, and melanocortin 4 receptor, although tirzepatide-specific validation remains limited. Molecular biomarkers such as branched-chain amino acids, insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-1 and -2, the adiponectin-to-leptin ratio, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 show potential as pharmacodynamic indicators of metabolic response. For organ-specific outcomes, procollagen type III N-terminal peptide and magnetic resonance imaging–proton density fat fraction are supported for assessing hepatoprotective effects, while cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio are validated markers of renoprotection. Additional candidates—including tumor necrosis factor receptor 1/2, kidney injury molecule-1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin—are promising but require prospective validation. Overall, predicting response to tirzepatide’s multifaceted therapeutic effects necessitates an integrated, multidimensional approach that incorporates clinical characteristics, genetic variation, and molecular profiling. Ongoing validation and harmonization of these predictors may help establish a precision medicine framework for optimizing tirzepatide therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacotherapy and Molecular Biomarkers of Metabolic Diseases)
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