Pharmacology and Toxicology of Opioids, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 November 2025 | Viewed by 1459

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
2. UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
Interests: opioid pharmacology; prescription opioids; toxicity assays; toxicity mechanisms; in vivo models; in vitro models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
2. UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
Interests: toxicology; opioid pharmacology; opioid pharmacokinetics; opioid pharmacodynamics; toxicity biomarkers; adverse outcome pathways; toxicity screening; in vitro assays; in vivo assays
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail
Guest Editor
1. Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
2. UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
3. Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
4. FOREN—Forensic Science Experts, Dr. Mário Moutinho Avenue, No. 33-A, 1400-136 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: toxicology; psychoactive substances; forensic sciences; drugs; opioids; biomedical research; scientometrics; scientific medical writing; pedagogical innovation; real-world evidence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Opioids are a broad group of drugs that include both illegal drugs and medicines. In pharmacological contexts, opioids are currently used as a gold standard for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Pain is a complex and subjective experience and a symptom associated with several pathologies, many of which are extremely frequent, leading to the widespread consumption of opioids. Despite their high analgesic efficiency, the incidence of side effects and adverse reactions; poisoning cases, including fatal intoxications; and cases of addiction are growing, along with the increase in their use and misuse. In fact, rising opioid consumption is leading to an opioid epidemic and a public health crisis.  

In this context, it is important to broaden our knowledge of opioids’ pharmacology and toxicity mechanisms to improve their therapeutic efficacy and lower the rate of adverse effects, which will ultimately improve the quality of life of many patients. Furthermore, it is also important to understand and decrease the potential for opioid dependence in addition to searching for new analgesic opioids. Therefore, in this Special Issue, authors are invited to submit original papers, (mini-)reviews, communications, perspectives, and opinion articles on all relevant aspects of opioid pharmacology and toxicology.  

Their research areas may include the following:

  • In vitro and in vivo studies on opioid toxicity;
  • In vitro and in vivo studies on opioid structure–activity relationships;
  • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies;
  • Behavioral studies;
  • New advancements in opioid pharmacology, including (but not limited to) new opioid drug candidates;
  • New opioid quantification methodologies.

Dr. Juliana Faria
Dr. Joana Barbosa
Prof. Dr. Ricardo Dinis-Oliveira
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • opioid toxicity
  • opioid pharmacodynamics
  • opioid pharmacokinetics
  • opioid pharmacogenetics
  • prescription opioids
  • toxicity assays
  • in vivo
  • in vitro
  • abuse
  • dependence

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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14 pages, 744 KB  
Systematic Review
Harmful Effects of Prescribed Opioids in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review
by Luíza Siqueira Lima, Nayara de S. da Costa, Maria Eduarda A. Galiciolli, Quelen I. Garlet, João José Joaquim, Cláudia S. Oliveira and Cristiano Matos
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(10), 1429; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18101429 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 174
Abstract
Background: Opioids are commonly used to manage both acute and chronic pain by acting on opioid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, concerns about their increasing prescription and misuse have emerged due to adverse effects, toxicity, and the global impact [...] Read more.
Background: Opioids are commonly used to manage both acute and chronic pain by acting on opioid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, concerns about their increasing prescription and misuse have emerged due to adverse effects, toxicity, and the global impact of opioid-related harm. Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate the harmful (adverse and toxic) effects of prescribed opioids on the pediatric and the general population. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted for data from January 2011 to December 2024 across selected electronic databases (PubMed®, SciELO®, Web of Science®, and EMBASE®) using a specific search strategy with Boolean operators. Cross-sectional, cohort, and case–control designs published in English, analyzing and identifying the harmful effects of prescribed opioids in children and the general population, were eligible for inclusion. Three reviewers independently assessed titles and abstracts for eligibility, followed by a full-text review. A referee reviewer resolved discrepancies. Data extraction was performed for qualifying studies. The risk of bias was assessed by the ROBINS-I tool. Results: A total of 3984 papers were collected, with 1697 duplicates and 2062 non-eligible papers removed; resulting in 25 papers (112.825 patients) selected for qualitative analysis. The pediatric group experienced more harmful effects across multiple body systems (nausea and vomiting, hypotension, agitation, drowsiness/lethargy, lethargy, respiratory depression, aspiration pneumonia) compared to the general population (dominant S wave, long QTc interval, right axis deviation, seizure). Conclusions: Despite the data heterogeneity, this study highlights the importance of evaluating the harmful effects of opioids, particularly in pediatric patients, to assess the risk–benefit balance and health risks associated with their use. The lower number of effects in the general population may be attributed to increased pharmacological tolerance and tolerability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacology and Toxicology of Opioids, 2nd Edition)
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