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The Effect of Vitamin D on Metabolic Bone Disease and...
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The Effect of Vitamin D on Metabolic Bone Disease and Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2024 | Viewed by 16041

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Daniela Merlotti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Researcher, Department of Medicine Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Interests: metabolic bone disorders; osteoporosis; Paget’s disease of bone; rare bone diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Salvatore Minisola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" Rome University, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: osteoporosis; bone research; bone biology; bone

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bone formation and bone remodeling are complicated processes, regulated by systemic hormones and paracrine factors, which regulate calcium and phosphate fluxes and cellular differentiation. The various actions performed by vitamin D reinforces its importance in the processes of growth, maturation and bone aging. An understanding of these important regulators of bone metabolism is vital to understanding clinical disorders, as they are related to alterations in vitamin D metabolism and metabolic bone disease. Specific disorders of vitamin D metabolism can be related to the clinical disease states of aging, altered lifestyles, and gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic disease. Epidemiologic evidence and prospective studies have linked vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk of many chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, deadly cancers, type II diabetes and infectious diseases.

The aim of this Special Issue is to update, with new findings, the role of vitamin D in bone metabolism, with a focus not only on common bone disorders, such as osteoporosis and Paget’s disease of bone, but also in the various forms of renal osteodystrophy of chronic kidney disease—mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD)—and in rare bone disease.

We are soliciting original papers, review articles, as well as case reports.

Dr. Daniela Merlotti
Prof. Dr. Salvatore Minisola
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vitamin D
  • bone metabolism
  • osteoporosis
  • bone fragility
  • chronic diseases

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

4 pages, 194 KiB  
Editorial
The Effect of Vitamin D on Metabolic Bone Disease and Chronic Diseases
by Salvatore Minisola and Daniela Merlotti
Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4775; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224775 - 14 Nov 2023
Viewed by 907
Abstract
The history of vitamin D begins more than 100 years ago, with the initial documentation of rickets in industrialized cities of England [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Metabolic Bone Disease and Chronic Diseases)

Research

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9 pages, 504 KiB  
Article
Establishing the Prevalence of Osteomalacia in Arab Adolescents Using Biochemical Markers of Bone Health
by Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Sobhy Yakout, Shaun Sabico, Kaiser Wani, Syed Danish Hussain, Naji Aljohani, Suma Uday and Wolfgang Högler
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5354; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245354 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2449
Abstract
Nutrition-acquired osteomalacia is a bone mineralization disorder associated with dietary calcium and/or solar vitamin D deficiency, risk factors considered common in the Middle Eastern region. Establishing less invasive, cheap, and widely available diagnostic markers for this underdiagnosed entity is essential, in particular for [...] Read more.
Nutrition-acquired osteomalacia is a bone mineralization disorder associated with dietary calcium and/or solar vitamin D deficiency, risk factors considered common in the Middle Eastern region. Establishing less invasive, cheap, and widely available diagnostic markers for this underdiagnosed entity is essential, in particular for screening in high-risk groups. This study assessed the prevalence of biochemical osteomalacia in Arab adolescents. In this cross-sectional study performed between September 2019 and March 2021, adolescents aged 12–17 years from 60 different secondary and preparatory year schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were included. Anthropometrics and fasting blood samples were collected. Biochemical osteomalacia was defined as any two of the following four serum markers of hypomineralization, namely low 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD < 30 nmol/L), high alkaline phosphatase (ALP), low calcium (Ca), and/or inorganic phosphorous (Pi). A total of 2938 Arab adolescents [1697 girls; mean age (years) 14.8 ± 1.8; 1241 boys; mean age 15.1 ± 1.6] were recruited. Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 56.2% (n = 953) of girls and 27.1% (n = 336) of boys (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of biochemical osteomalacia was 10.0% (n = 295/2938) and was higher in girls than boys (14.7% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of low serum Ca and/or Pi was also higher in girls than in boys (24.2% vs. 12.5%, respectively, p < 0.001), as well as elevated ALP (5.1% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001). Overall, girls were 4.6 times (95% CI 3.3–6.4) more likely to have biochemical osteomalacia than boys. Screening of apparently healthy Arab adolescents revealed a high prevalence of deranged mineralization markers suggestive of biochemical osteomalacia, which was significantly more common in girls than boys and was likely associated with Arab traditional clothing and diet. The proposed combination of typically altered mineralization markers for the diagnosis of osteomalacia is, at best, suggestive until further comparisons with established diagnostic tools (histological analysis of bone biopsies) are conducted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Metabolic Bone Disease and Chronic Diseases)
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Review

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14 pages, 1730 KiB  
Review
Calcifediol: Mechanisms of Action
by Simone Donati, Gaia Palmini, Cinzia Aurilia, Irene Falsetti, Francesca Marini, Francesca Giusti, Teresa Iantomasi and Maria Luisa Brandi
Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4409; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204409 - 17 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1830
Abstract
Due to its essential role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, the secosteroid hormone calcitriol has received growing attention over the last few years. Calcitriol, like other steroid hormones, may function through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. In the traditional function, the interaction between [...] Read more.
Due to its essential role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, the secosteroid hormone calcitriol has received growing attention over the last few years. Calcitriol, like other steroid hormones, may function through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. In the traditional function, the interaction between the biologically active form of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) affects the transcription of thousands of genes by binding to repeated sequences present in their promoter region, named vitamin D-responsive elements (VDREs). Non-transcriptional effects, on the other hand, occur quickly and are unaffected by inhibitors of transcription and protein synthesis. Recently, calcifediol, the immediate precursor metabolite of calcitriol, has also been shown to bind to the VDR with weaker affinity than calcitriol, thus exerting gene-regulatory properties. Moreover, calcifediol may also trigger rapid non-genomic responses through its interaction with specific membrane vitamin D receptors. Membrane-associated VDR (mVDR) and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (Pdia3) are the best-studied candidates for mediating these rapid responses to vitamin D metabolites. This paper provides an overview of the calcifediol-related mechanisms of action, which may help to better understand the vitamin D endocrine system and to identify new therapeutic targets that could be important for treating diseases closely associated with vitamin D deficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Metabolic Bone Disease and Chronic Diseases)
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24 pages, 428 KiB  
Review
Definition, Assessment, and Management of Vitamin D Inadequacy: Suggestions, Recommendations, and Warnings from the Italian Society for Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Bone Diseases (SIOMMMS)
by Francesco Bertoldo, Luisella Cianferotti, Marco Di Monaco, Alberto Falchetti, Angelo Fassio, Davide Gatti, Luigi Gennari, Sandro Giannini, Giuseppe Girasole, Stefano Gonnelli, Nazzarena Malavolta, Salvatore Minisola, Mario Pedrazzoni, Domenico Rendina, Maurizio Rossini and Iacopo Chiodini
Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4148; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194148 - 06 Oct 2022
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6436
Abstract
In the recent years, both the prescriptions of serum 25(OH)D levels assay, and vitamin D supplementation are constantly increasing, as well as the costs to be incurred relating to these specific aspects. As in many other countries, the risk of vitamin D deficiency [...] Read more.
In the recent years, both the prescriptions of serum 25(OH)D levels assay, and vitamin D supplementation are constantly increasing, as well as the costs to be incurred relating to these specific aspects. As in many other countries, the risk of vitamin D deficiency is particularly high in Italy, as recently confirmed by cohort studies in the general population as well as in patients with metabolic bone disorder. Results confirmed the North-South gradient of vitamin D levels described among European countries, despite the wide use of supplements. Although vitamin D supplementation is also recommended by the Italian Medicine Agency for patients at risk for fragility fracture or for initiating osteoporotic medication, the therapeutic gap for osteoporosis in Italy is very high. There is a consistent proportion of osteoporotic patients not receiving specific therapy for osteoporosis following a fragility fracture, with a poor adherence to the recommendations provided by national guidelines and position paper documents. The failure or inadequate supplementation with vitamin D in patients on antiresorptive or anabolic treatment for osteoporosis is thought to further amplify the problem and exposes patients to a high risk of re-fracture and mortality. Therefore, it is important that attention to its possible clinical consequences must be given. Thus, in light of new evidence from the literature, the SIOMMMS board felt the need to revise and update, by a GRADE/PICO system approach, its previous original recommendations about the definition, prevention, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in adults, released in 2011. Several key points have been here addressed, such as the definition of the vitamin D status: normality values and optimal values; who are the subjects considered at risk of hypovitaminosis D; opportunity or not of performing the biochemical assessment of serum 25(OH)D levels in general population and in subjects at risk of hypovitaminosis D; the need or not to evaluate baseline serum 25(OH)D in candidate subjects for pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis; how and whether to supplement vitamin D subjects with hypovitaminosis D or candidates for pharmacological treatment with bone active agents, and the general population; how and whether to supplement vitamin D in chronic kidney disease and/or chronic liver diseases or under treatment with drugs interfering with hepatic metabolism; and finally, if vitamin D may have toxic effects in the subject in need of supplementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Metabolic Bone Disease and Chronic Diseases)

Other

2 pages, 181 KiB  
Reply
Reply to Wimalawansa, S.J. Comment on “Bertoldo et al. Definition, Assessment, and Management of Vitamin D Inadequacy: Suggestions, Recommendations, and Warnings from the Italian Society for Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Bone Diseases (SIOMMMS). Nutrients 2022, 14, 4148”
by Francesco Bertoldo, Luisella Cianferotti, Marco Di Monaco, Alberto Falchetti, Angelo Fassio, Davide Gatti, Luigi Gennari, Sandro Giannini, Giuseppe Girasole, Stefano Gonnelli, Nazzarena Malavolta, Salvatore Minisola, Mario Pedrazzoni, Domenico Rendina, Maurizio Rossini and Iacopo Chiodini
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030499 - 18 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1424
Abstract
With regard to Dr. Wimalawansa’s comment [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Metabolic Bone Disease and Chronic Diseases)
3 pages, 204 KiB  
Comment
Comment on Bertoldo et al. Definition, Assessment, and Management of Vitamin D Inadequacy: Suggestions, Recommendations, and Warnings from the Italian Society for Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Bone Diseases (SIOMMMS). Nutrients 2022, 14, 4148
by Sunil J. Wimalawansa
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030498 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1596
Abstract
We are responding to a report by Bertoldo et al. in October 2022 in Nutrients [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Vitamin D on Metabolic Bone Disease and Chronic Diseases)
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