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Nutritional Management for Chronic Liver Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 19020

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Takashi Himoto

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Guest Editor

Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Japan
Interests: hepatocellular carcinoma; diagnosis; treatment; precision medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are very pleased to announce our proposal for a Special Issue on “Nutritional Management for Chronic Liver Disease”. Numerous studies have indicated that the assessment of a patient’s nutritional status is essential for the management of chronic liver disease (CLD), including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cirrhosis. Nutritional factors such as macro- and micronutrients have also been shown to be involved in the development of CLD or CLD-related metabolic abnormalities, including impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, sarcopenia, and hepatic encephalopathy. Novel molecular targets and the genetic background that regulates the nutritional status in CLD have been established. Dietary intake imbalance has been demonstrated to be associated with the development of hepatocarcinogenesis. Several types of nutritional intervention have exerted favorable effects on the prevention of CLD or CLD-related metabolic abnormalities.

This Special Issue will highlight the current insights regarding nutritional assessments for CLD, including NAFLD, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancers, and CLD-related metabolic abnormalities. These insights include novel target molecules or genes and genetic polymorphisms that may be involved in nutritional status in CLD or CLD-related metabolic abnormalities. Studies of novel therapeutic nutritional strategies for patients with a CLD or CLD-related metabolic abnormality are also welcome to this Special Issue.

We look forward to the submission of many interesting and attractive manuscripts, including original articles and review articles, to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Takashi Himoto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

macronutrient
micronutrient
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
liver cirrhosis
liver cancer
nutritional assessment
nutritional intervention

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1301 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lower Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Prognostic Nutritional Index Predict Postoperative Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

by Mariko Tsukagoshi, Kenichiro Araki, Takamichi Igarashi, Norihiro Ishii, Shunsuke Kawai, Kei Hagiwara, Kouki Hoshino, Takaomi Seki, Takayuki Okuyama, Ryosuke Fukushima, Norifumi Harimoto and Ken Shirabe

Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070940 - 25 Mar 2024

Viewed by 738

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that nutritional indices, including the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), are predictors of poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, this study aimed to explore the value of the GNRI and PNI in evaluating postoperative prognosis in patients with HCC, particularly regarding its recurrence patterns. We performed a retrospective analysis of 203 patients with HCC who underwent initial hepatic resection. Patients were divided into two groups according to the GNRI (cutoff: 98) and PNI (cutoff: 45). The GNRI and PNI were significantly associated with body composition (body mass index and skeletal muscle mass index), hepatic function (Child-Pugh Score), tumor factors (tumor size and microvascular invasion), and perioperative factors (blood loss and postoperative hospitalization). Patients with a low PNI or low GNRI had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival. Patients with early recurrence had lower PNI and GNRI scores than those without early recurrence. Patients with extrahepatic recurrence had lower PNI and GNRI scores than those without extrahepatic recurrence. The PNI and GNRI might be useful in predicting the prognosis and recurrence patterns of patients with HCC after hepatic resection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Management for Chronic Liver Disease)

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13 pages, 710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Nutrient Intake in Biopsy-Confirmed NAFLD Patients

by Yoshihiro Kamada, Hirokazu Takahashi, Yuji Ogawa, Hideyuki Hyogo, Kyoko Nakamura, Tomomi Yada, Norihiko Asada, Tomomi Bando, Hanako Sawano, Mika Hatanaka, Takako Tosa, Mika Ando, Etsuko Hikita, Kaori Yoshida, Masahiro Koseki, Yoshio Sumida, Kazuhisa Maeda, Makoto Fujii, Shinichi Aishima, Mariko Hayakawa and Atsushi Nakajima Show full author list Hide full author list

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3453; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173453 - 23 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2294

Abstract

Objectives: Weight loss improves the liver pathophysiological status of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. However, there are few studies that investigate the accurate relationships between nutritional intake and disease progression in NAFLD patients. Methods: A total of 37 biopsy-confirmed NAFLD patients were enrolled in this study. Clinical and nutritional control data of 5074 persons were obtained from the National Institute of Health and Nutrition. Each NAFLD subject recorded dietary intake for seven consecutive days using a dietary questionnaire and photographs of each meal. A dietitian analyzed and quantified the nutritional data in each patient. We further analyzed the nutritional intake of NAFLD patients in three groups according to the following criteria: (1) liver fibrosis degree (advanced, early), (2) gender (male, female), and (3) body mass index (BMI) (high, low). Results: Excesses or deficiencies of multiple nutrients were found in NAFLD patients compared with control subjects. In addition, there were variations in nutritional intake. (1) The intake of vitamins A, B₆, and E, pantothenic acid, soluble dietary fiber, and salt was lower in the advanced fibrosis group than in the early fibrosis group. (2) Fat intake was higher in male patients, and dietary fiber intake was lower in both male and female patients compared with control subjects. (3) Saturated fatty acid intake was higher, and copper and vitamin E intakes were lower in patients with high BMI than with low BMI. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that differences were found in some nutrient intake of NAFLD patients and controls and according to the severity of the conditions (liver fibrosis degree, BMI). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Management for Chronic Liver Disease)

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Review

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40 pages, 925 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exploring the Impact of Nutrition on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management: Unveiling the Roles of Various Foods, Food Components, and Compounds

by Marcin Kosmalski, Rafał Frankowski, Kacper Deska, Monika Różycka-Kosmalska and Tadeusz Pietras

Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2838; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132838 - 22 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4066

Abstract

There is a need to introduce standardized treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its global prevalence and the complications of this disease. Many studies have revealed that food-derived substances may be beneficial in dealing with this disease. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the recently published studies on the food-derived treatment options for NAFLD. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as “NAFLD”, “nutrition”, “food”, “derived”, “therapy”, and “guidelines” yielded 219 relevant papers for our analysis, published from 2004 to 2023. The results show the significant benefits of food-derived treatment in NAFLD therapy, including improvements in liver histology, hepatic fat amounts, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, and other metabolic measures. The availability of the substances discussed makes them a significant adjuvant in the treatment of this disease. The usefulness of Viusid as additional therapy to diet and physical activity should be emphasized due to improvements in liver histology; however, many other substances lead to a decrease in liver fat amounts including, e.g., berberine or omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, the synbiotic Protexin seems to be useful in terms of NAFLD treatment, especially because it is effective in both obese and lean subjects. Based on the latest research results, we suggest revising the therapeutic recommendations for patients suffering from NAFLD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Management for Chronic Liver Disease)

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12 pages, 1367 KiB

Open AccessReview

Citrin Deficiency: Clinical and Nutritional Features

by Michiharu Komatsu, Naoki Tanaka, Takefumi Kimura and Masahide Yazaki

Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2284; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102284 - 12 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2768

Abstract

SLC25A13 gene mutations are responsible for diseases related to citrin deficiency (CD), such as neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency and adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). From childhood to adulthood, CD patients are apparently healthy due to metabolic compensation with peculiar dietary habits—disliking high-carbohydrate foods and liking fat and protein-rich foods. Carbohydrate overload and alcohol consumption may trigger the sudden onset of CTLN2, inducing hyperammonemia and consciousness disturbance. Well-compensated asymptomatic CD patients are sometimes diagnosed as having non-obese (lean) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis, which have the risk of developing into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. CD-induced fatty liver demonstrates significant suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and its downstream enzymes/proteins involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation and triglyceride secretion as a very low-density lipoprotein. Nutritional therapy is an essential and important treatment of CD, and medium-chain triglycerides oil and sodium pyruvate are useful for preventing hyperammonemia. We need to avoid the use of glycerol for treating brain edema by hyperammonemia. This review summarizes the clinical and nutritional features of CD-associated fatty liver disease and promising nutritional interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Management for Chronic Liver Disease)

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20 pages, 780 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nutritional Support for Alcoholic Liver Disease

by Tomoko Tadokoro, Asahiro Morishita, Takashi Himoto and Tsutomu Masaki

Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1360; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061360 - 10 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 8322

Abstract

Malnutrition is a common finding in alcohol use disorders and is associated with the prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). These patients also frequently show deficiencies in vitamins and trace elements, increasing the likelihood of anemia and altered cognitive status. The etiology of malnutrition in ALD patients is multifactorial and complex and includes inadequate dietary intake, abnormal absorption and digestion, increased skeletal and visceral protein catabolism, and abnormal interactions between ethanol and lipid metabolism. Most nutritional measures derive from general chronic liver disease recommendations. Recently, many patients with ALD have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, which requires individualized treatment via nutritional therapy to avoid overnutrition. As ALD progresses to cirrhosis, it is frequently complicated by protein–energy malnutrition and sarcopenia. Nutritional therapy is also important in the management of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy as liver failure progresses. The purpose of the review is to summarize important nutritional therapies for the treatment of ALD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Management for Chronic Liver Disease)

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