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The Impact of Dietary Interventions in Microbiome Function and Host...
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The Impact of Dietary Interventions in Microbiome Function and Host Clinical Biomarkers

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2021) | Viewed by 13067

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gloria Solano-Aguilar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
Interests: microbiome; dietary patterns; probiotic; transcriptome; translational animal models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Persistent health problems from excess weight and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers continue to adversely affect public health despite recommended dietary guidelines. Dietary patterns that allow flexibility in food choice and support health-related benefits should be identified and rigorously evaluated to understand their mechanism of action for health promotion. The intestinal microbiota has a symbiotic relationship with its host by contributing with available nutrients, an additional source of metabolites and energy after metabolizing dietary components. Several studies have shown the diet’s modulatory effect on gut microbiome composition and function, suggesting targeted dietary interventions can prevent development of diet-associated diseases. However, studies that determine the role and associated molecular mechanisms by which dietary intervention impacts the pathogenesis of chronic diseases are missing.

In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we invite the research community to contribute with controlled studies that characterize responsive health biomarkers within the host immunome, microbiome, and metabolome that can be modulated by dietary interventions. New knowledge on a mechanism of action will improve our understanding of how dietary patterns can be modified to support human health by reducing expression of disease risk biomarkers.

Dr. Gloria Solano-Aguilar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Microbiome
  • Diet
  • Metabolome
  • Biomarkers

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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18 pages, 3875 KiB  
Article
Fruit and Vegetable Supplemented Diet Modulates the Pig Transcriptome and Microbiome after a Two-Week Feeding Intervention
by Gloria I. Solano-Aguilar, Sukla Lakshman, Jonathan Shao, Celine Chen, Ethiopia Beshah, Harry D. Dawson, Bryan Vinyard, Steven G. Schroeder, Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin and Joseph F. Urban, Jr.
Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4350; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124350 - 2 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3689 | Correction
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effects of a diet supplemented with fruits and vegetables (FV) on the host whole blood cell (WBC) transcriptome and the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome. Nine six-week-old pigs were fed a pig grower diet [...] Read more.
A study was conducted to determine the effects of a diet supplemented with fruits and vegetables (FV) on the host whole blood cell (WBC) transcriptome and the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome. Nine six-week-old pigs were fed a pig grower diet alone or supplemented with lyophilized FV equivalent to half the daily recommended amount prescribed for humans by the Dietary Guideline for Americans (DGA) for two weeks. Host transcriptome changes in the WBC were evaluated by RNA sequencing. Isolated DNA from the fecal microbiome was used for 16S rDNA taxonomic analysis and prediction of metabolomic function. Feeding an FV-supplemented diet to pigs induced differential expression of several genes associated with an increase in B-cell development and differentiation and the regulation of cellular movement, inflammatory response, and cell-to-cell signaling. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) in fecal microbiome samples showed differential increases in genera from Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families within the order Clostridiales and Erysipelotrichaceae family with a predicted reduction in rgpE-glucosyltransferase protein associated with lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in pigs fed the FV-supplemented diet. These results suggest that feeding an FV-supplemented diet for two weeks modulated markers of cellular inflammatory and immune function in the WBC transcriptome and the composition of the intestinal microbiome by increasing the abundance of bacterial taxa that have been associated with improved intestinal health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Dietary Interventions in Microbiome Function and Host Clinical Biomarkers)
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19 pages, 2360 KiB  
Article
A Six-Day, Lifestyle-Based Immersion Program Mitigates Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Induces Shifts in Gut Microbiota, Specifically Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: A Pilot Study
by Angelica P. Ahrens, Tyler Culpepper, Brittany Saldivar, Stephen Anton, Scott Stoll, Eileen M. Handberg, Ke Xu, Carl Pepine, Eric W. Triplett and Monica Aggarwal
Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3459; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103459 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 7255
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence remains elevated globally. We have previously shown that a one-week lifestyle “immersion program” leads to clinical improvements and sustained improvements in quality of life in moderate to high atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk individuals. In a subsequent year of this [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence remains elevated globally. We have previously shown that a one-week lifestyle “immersion program” leads to clinical improvements and sustained improvements in quality of life in moderate to high atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk individuals. In a subsequent year of this similarly modeled immersion program, we again collected markers of cardiovascular health and, additionally, evaluated intestinal microbiome composition. ASCVD risk volunteers (n = 73) completed the one-week “immersion program” involving nutrition (100% plant-based foods), stress management education, and exercise. Anthropometric measurements and CVD risk factors were compared at baseline and post intervention. A subgroup (n = 22) provided stool, which we analyzed with 16S rRNA sequencing. We assessed abundance changes within-person, correlated the abundance shifts with clinical changes, and inferred functional pathways using PICRUSt. Reductions in blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, were observed without reduction in weight. Significant increases in butyrate producers were detected, including Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospirales. Within-person, significant shifts in relative abundance (RA) occurred, e.g., increased Lachnospiraceae (+58.8% RA, p = 0.0002), Ruminococcaceae (+82.1%, p = 0.0003), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (+54.5%, p = 0.002), and diversification and richness. Microbiota changes significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), glucose, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) changes. Pairwise decreases were inferred in microbial genes corresponding to cancer, metabolic disease, and amino acid metabolism. This brief lifestyle-based intervention improved lipids and BP and enhanced known butyrate producers, without significant weight loss. These results demonstrate a promising non-pharmacological preventative strategy for improving cardiovascular health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Dietary Interventions in Microbiome Function and Host Clinical Biomarkers)
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1 pages, 172 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Solano-Aguilar et al. Fruit and Vegetable Supplemented Diet Modulates the Pig Transcriptome and Microbiome after a Two-Week Feeding Intervention. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4350
by Gloria I. Solano-Aguilar, Sukla Lakshman, Jonathan Shao, Celine Chen, Ethiopia Beshah, Harry D. Dawson, Bryan Vinyard, Steven G. Schroeder, Saebyeol Jang, Aleksey Molokin and Joseph F. Urban, Jr.
Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4513; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214513 - 27 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1249
Abstract
There was an error in the original publication [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Dietary Interventions in Microbiome Function and Host Clinical Biomarkers)
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