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Current Aspects of Nutritional Supplementation, Physical Exercise, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 9773

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Robert A. Olek

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Guest Editor

Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
Interests: supplementation in physical exercise and oxidative stress; biomarkers; inflammatory

Dr. Jan Jacek Kaczor

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Guest Editor

Animal and Human Physiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Interests: metabolic in physical exercise and training; nutrition supplements; reactive oxygen

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

People consume supplements to get essential nutrients and maintain or improve their health. Supplements are especially popular among physically active individuals, both in training professionally and recreationally. Skeletal muscles, during contractions, generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which may cause fatigue or oxidative damage. On the other hand, RONS may lead to a variety of adaptations at the cellular and systemic levels. These adaptations are differentially affected by training volume, training intensity, and training status. Furthermore, nutritional choices may enhance or impair the response to training.

In this Special Issue, we would like to bring readers closer to the state-of-the-art in the field by gathering papers describing the interplay between nutritional supplementation (not only antioxidants) in the relation to the redox regulation of muscle fatigue and oxidative damage, the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in regulation of skeletal muscle adaptations. Original research articles and reviews (systematic reviews and meta-analyses) are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions

Dr. Robert A. Olek
Dr. Jan Jacek Kaczor
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

supplements
physical activity
exercise training
skeletal muscle
mitochondria
antioxidants
reactive oxygen species
reactive nitrogen species
cellular signaling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 294 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Oxidative Stress Indices and Total Phenolics Concentrations in Obese Adult Women—The Effect of Training with Supplemental Oxygen: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Katarzyna Domaszewska, Agnieszka Zawada, Radosław Palutka, Tomasz Podgórski and Aldona Juchacz

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010241 - 3 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1999

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using an oxygen-enriched breathing mixture during controlled physical training on blood oxidative stress parameters and total phenolics (TP) concentrations in obese adult women. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial study included 60 women aged 19–68 with BMIs greater than 30 kg/m². Patients were randomly assigned to the study group (n = 30), which received additional intervention in supplementing the breathing mixture with oxygen at the flow of 6 L/min during training sessions, and the control group (n = 30). At the beginning and at the end of the study, anthropometric assessments (height and weight and BMI) and blood tests (CRP, FRAP, TBARS, TP, BAC, and La) were performed. For each patient, an individual endurance training plan was established on a cycloergometer, including 12 training units, based on a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Results: A decrease in blood TBARS concentration was observed in each study group. For the control group, the change was more remarkable, and the difference between the groups was significant at (p < 0.05; ES: 0.583). Training with the oxygen breathing mixture increased blood concentrations of TP, while a decrease in TP in blood was observed in the group without oxygen supplementation during physical training. The difference in the responses between the groups was significant at (p < 0.05; ES: 0.657) Conclusions: Increasing the concentration of oxygen in the respiratory mixture under conditions of increased exercise was shown to be safe because it did not exacerbate oxidative stress in the obese group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Aspects of Nutritional Supplementation, Physical Exercise, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers)

13 pages, 1776 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum on Iron Homeostasis, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Female Athletes: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

by Mirosława Cieślicka, Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk, Harpal S. Buttar, Hanna Dziewiecka, Anna Kasperska and Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010186 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3350

Abstract

Bovine colostrum supplementation has been suggested as a potential factor in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of six months of bovine colostrum supplement intake (3.2 g; four capsules/day) in highly trained female athletes on changes in oxidative stress level, inflammation, and iron metabolism biomarkers after intense exercise. In this study, 20 trained female athletes were recruited. Participants were divided into two groups: 11 in the bovine colostrum (6-month supplementation) and 9 in the placebo group (6-month placebo supplementation). All participants completed an intense exercise test at the beginning of the experiment and after six months post-treatment. Blood samples were taken before, following exercise, and after 3 h recovery. Compared to the placebo group, the colostrum group showed a significant decrease in TBARS level (p< 0.01) at all time points, whereas a marked increase was observed in IL-6 (p < 0.01; pre-exercise) and SOD activity (p < 0.01), and transferrin (p < 0.01; rest period) and lactoferrin (p < 0.05; post-exercise) levels. The results suggested that 6-months of bovine colostrum supplementation is beneficial in the reduction of the harmful effects produced by free radicals (ROS), oxidative stress, and inflammation. In consequence, alleviation of the inflammatory response by bovine colostrum supplementation may also cause positive action on iron homeostasis in female athletes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Aspects of Nutritional Supplementation, Physical Exercise, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers)

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12 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Response by Different Polyphenol Supplements in Five-a-Side Football Players

by Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar, Lorena Funes, María Herranz-López, Néstor Vicente-Salar, Raul Bonet-García, Carles Blasco-Peris, Vicente Micol, Antoni Pons and Enrique Roche

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010177 - 30 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1927

Abstract

Oxidative stress is associated with playing soccer. The objective of the present report was to study the influence of different polyphenolic antioxidant-rich beverages in five-a-side/futsal players. The study was performed with a no supplemented control group (CG) and two supplemented groups with an almond-based beverage (AB) and the same beverage fortified with Lippia citriodora extract (AB + LE). At day 22, participants played a friendly futsal game. Blood extractions were performed at the beginning of intervention (day 1), before and after match (day 22) to determine oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma, neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Malondialdehyde increased significantly in controls after the match in neutrophils, PBMCs and plasma compared to pre-match. Protein carbonyls also increased after the match in plasma in CG. In addition, malondialdehyde levels in neutrophils were significantly lower in the supplemented groups compared to controls. Post-match samples showed significant increases in neutrophil antioxidant activities in CG. Supplemented groups displayed variable results regarding neutrophil antioxidant activities, with superoxide dismutase activity significantly lower than in controls. Finally, post-match myeloperoxidase activity increased significantly in controls compared to pre-match and supplemented groups. In conclusion, polyphenolic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplements could be instrumental for optimal recovery after high intensity futsal games. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Aspects of Nutritional Supplementation, Physical Exercise, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers)

11 pages, 1249 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dipeptide Extract Modulates the Oxi-Antioxidant Response to Intense Physical Exercise

by Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny, Edyta Wawrzyniak-Gramacka, Anna Książek, Aleksandra Zagrodna, Wiesław Kopeć and Małgorzata Słowińska-Lisowska

Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2402; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122402 - 9 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1709

Abstract

Exposure to intense physical exercise increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. The process can be modulated by dipeptide bioavailability with antioxidant scavenger properties. The effects of dipeptide intake in combination with physical exercise on the oxi-antioxidant response were examined in a randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Blood samples were collected from 20 males aged 21.2 ± 1.8 years before and after 14-day intake of chicken breast extract (4 g/day), which is a good source of bioactive dipeptides. A significant increase in the NO/H₂O₂ ratio was observed in the 1st and 30th minute after intense incremental exercise in dipeptides compared to the placebo group. Total antioxidant and thiol redox status were significantly higher in the dipeptide group both before and after exercise; η² ≥ 0.64 showed a large effect of dipeptides on antioxidant and glutathione status. The level of 8-isoprostanes, markers of oxidative damage, did not change under the influence of dipeptides. By contrast, reduced C-reactive protein levels were found during the post-exercise period in the dipeptide group, which indicates the anti-inflammatory properties of dipeptides. High pre-exercise dipeptide intake enhances antioxidant status and thus reduces the oxi-inflammatory response to intense exercise. Therefore, the application of dipeptides seems to have favourable potential for modulating oxidative stress and inflammation in physically active individuals following a strenuous exercise schedule. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Aspects of Nutritional Supplementation, Physical Exercise, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers)

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