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The Effect of Nutrient Regulation on Metabolic Flexibility in the...
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The Effect of Nutrient Regulation on Metabolic Flexibility in the Presence of Obesity and Related Complications

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 8021

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Michael W. Greene

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Interests: obesity-linked conditions; liver disease; cancer; insulin resistance; signal transduction; animal models of cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ability of an organism to efficiently adapt its fuel oxidation to fuel availability is termed metabolic flexibility. The capacity to maintain energy homeostasis in times of caloric excess or restriction is dependent on metabolic flexibility. Disruption of this physiological adaptability is associated with many chronic pathologies, including the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, metabolic fatty liver disease, and cancer.

The metabolic inflexibility of obesity is part of the insulin-resistant state that has been implicated in the development of chronic pathologies. Dietary composition with or without changes in feeding frequency or duration are some factors which influence metabolic flexibility.

In this Special Issue, we invite research papers focusing on the dietary approaches, food composition, and/or patterns of food intake that influence metabolic flexibility in the context of increased adiposity. Articles that shed light on how these factors can modulate obesity-linked chronic diseases and their associated pathologies are welcome

Dr. Michael W. Greene
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolism
  • macronutrient composition
  • obesity
  • insulin resistance
  • chronic disease
  • dietary patterns
  • mediterranean diet
  • diabetes
  • fatty liver disease
  • complications
  • adipose tissue
  • metabolic syndrome

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2835 KiB  
Article
Marine Chitosan-Oligosaccharide Ameliorated Plasma Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters by Modifying the Gut Microflora, Bile Acids, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids
by Abdullah Abdo, Chengnan Zhang, Sam Al-Dalali, Yakun Hou, Jie Gao, Mohammed Abdo Yahya, Ali Saleh, Hamzah Aleryani, Zakarya Al-Zamani and Yaxin Sang
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2923; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132923 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1582
Abstract
This study evaluated the cholesterol-alleviating effect and underlying mechanisms of chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Male hamsters (n = 24) were divided into three groups in a random fashion, and each group was fed one particular diet, namely a non-cholesterol diet (NCD), [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the cholesterol-alleviating effect and underlying mechanisms of chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Male hamsters (n = 24) were divided into three groups in a random fashion, and each group was fed one particular diet, namely a non-cholesterol diet (NCD), a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), and an HCD diet substituting 5% of the COS diet for six weeks. Subsequently, alterations in fecal bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microflora (GM) were investigated. COS intervention significantly reduced and increased the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in hypercholesteremic hamsters. Furthermore, Non-HDL-C and total triacylglycerols (TG) levels were also reduced by COS supplementation. Additionally, COS could reduce and increase food intake and fecal SCFAs (acetate), respectively. Moreover, COS had beneficial effects on levels of BAs and GM related to cholesterol metabolism. This study provides novel evidence for the cholesterol-lowering activity of COS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Nutrient Regulation on Metabolic Flexibility in the Presence of Obesity and Related Complications)
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16 pages, 3239 KiB  
Article
A Novel Symbiotic Formulation Reduces Obesity and Concomitant Metabolic Syndrome in Rats by Raising the Relative Abundance of Blautia
by Xiu-Rong Wu, Zhen-Zhen Chen, Xi-Lan Dong, Qiu-Ping Zhao and Jun Cai
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040956 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1965
Abstract
Obesity is regarded as an abnormal or excessive buildup of fat that may be bad for health and is influenced by a combination of intestinal flora, genetic background, physical activity level and environment. Symbiotic supplementation may be a realistic and easy therapy for [...] Read more.
Obesity is regarded as an abnormal or excessive buildup of fat that may be bad for health and is influenced by a combination of intestinal flora, genetic background, physical activity level and environment. Symbiotic supplementation may be a realistic and easy therapy for the reversal of obesity and associated metabolic problems. In this study, we chose two Bifidobacterium species, three Lactobacilli species and four prebiotics to make a new symbiotic formulation. High or low doses of the symbiotic were administered to rats, and biochemical indicators were recorded to assess the biological effects in a high-fat-diet-induced rat model. The underlying mechanisms were explored by integrating 16S rRNA sequencing with an extensively targeted metabolome. High-dose symbiotic supplementation was effective in reducing obesity and concomitant metabolic syndrome. The high-dose symbiotic also significantly increased the abundance of Blautia, which was negatively correlated with taurocholic acid and the main differential metabolites involved in amino acid and bile acid metabolism. While the low-dose symbiotic had some therapeutic effects, they were not as strong as those at the high dose, demonstrating that the effects were dose-dependent. Overall, our novel symbiotic combination improved plasma glucose and lipid levels, shrunk adipocyte size, restored liver function, increased the abundance of Blautia and adjusted bile acid and amino acid metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Nutrient Regulation on Metabolic Flexibility in the Presence of Obesity and Related Complications)
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Review

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14 pages, 1198 KiB  
Review
The Circadian Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disease
by Lauren N. Woodie, Kaan T. Oral, Brianna M. Krusen and Mitchell A. Lazar
Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3136; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153136 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3611
Abstract
Obesity and other metabolic diseases are major public health issues that are particularly prevalent in industrialized societies where circadian rhythmicity is disturbed by shift work, jet lag, and/or social obligations. In mammals, daylight entrains the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to a ≈24 h [...] Read more.
Obesity and other metabolic diseases are major public health issues that are particularly prevalent in industrialized societies where circadian rhythmicity is disturbed by shift work, jet lag, and/or social obligations. In mammals, daylight entrains the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to a ≈24 h cycle by initiating a transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) of molecular clock genes. The downstream impacts of the TTFL on clock-controlled genes allow the SCN to set the rhythm for the majority of physiological, metabolic, and behavioral processes. The TTFL, however, is ubiquitous and oscillates in tissues throughout the body. Tissues outside of the SCN are entrained to other signals, such as fed/fasting state, rather than light input. This system requires a considerable amount of biological flexibility as it functions to maintain homeostasis across varying conditions contained within a 24 h day. In the face of either circadian disruption (e.g., jet lag and shift work) or an obesity-induced decrease in metabolic flexibility, this finely tuned mechanism breaks down. Indeed, both human and rodent studies have found that obesity and metabolic disease develop when endogenous circadian pacing is at odds with the external cues. In the following review, we will delve into what is known on the circadian rhythmicity of nutrient metabolism and discuss obesity as a circadian disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Nutrient Regulation on Metabolic Flexibility in the Presence of Obesity and Related Complications)
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