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Nutrients
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Dietary Recommendations for Hypertension
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Dietary Recommendations for Hypertension

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2023) | Viewed by 4930

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Iñaki Robles-Vera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: immune system; gut microbiota; trained immunity; cardiovascular disease; probiotics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hypertension is one of the most powerful risk factors for cardiovascular events, including stroke and myocardial infarction. Around one-quarter of the world’s population is considered hypertensive, and this condition is responsible for about 41% of cardiovascular disease-related deaths. Treatment using antihypertensive drugs is able to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events. Currently, it is estimated that 10–30% of the general hypertensive population presents with resistant hypertension, which is defined as high BP that cannot be adequately controlled using three different classes of antihypertensive agents, one of which is a diuretic. These data support the need for the development of novel therapeutic targets for hypertension.

Recently, an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition relative to its healthy state, termed dysbiosis, has been associated with hypertension; however, the mechanisms involved in BP regulation that are controlled by the microbiota have not yet been fully elucidated. It is essential to maintain the delicate balance in the gut microbiota to achieve the intestinal immunity and whole-body homeostasis. Therefore, manipulating the gut microbiota through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, or postbiotics may lead to the development of novel antihypertensive therapies.

This Special Issue will focus on both basic and translational research as well as on clinical evidence in order to achieve complete comprehension of how modulating the gut microbiota is involved in hypertension. Research will also consider the role of the immune system and sympathetic nervous system.

Dr. Iñaki Robles-Vera
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • hypertension
  • immune system
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • postbiotics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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12 pages, 900 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Marcela P. Rodrigues, Carolina B. Ferreira, Kauane Aline M. Dos Santos, Paula N. Merello, Sinara L. Rossato, Sandra C. Fuchs and Leila B. Moreira
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2159; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092159 - 30 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1890
Abstract
There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence to sodium [...] Read more.
There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence to sodium restriction. In this randomized parallel-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention using the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) scores. A follow-up period of 6 months was conducted. Participants were randomized into (1) an educational intervention provided by a registered dietitian on individual visits and dietary planning; (2) a control group with the usual care and dietary recommendations. Patients underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, 12-h fasting blood tests, spot urine collection, and assessment using DSRQ. We randomized 120 participants (67.5% women and 68.3% Caucasians), and 25 participants were lost to follow-up. The 24-h sodium urinary excretion changed in the control (Δ −1610 mg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1800 to −1410) and intervention groups (Δ −1670 mg/day; 95% CI −1800 to −1450) over time. There was no significant difference in the 24-h estimated sodium between groups. In hypertensive patients, DSRQ-based educational intervention is effective for improving the ability to detect and overcome obstacles to a low-sodium restriction diet but is as effective as dietary recommendations for lowering sodium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Recommendations for Hypertension)
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15 pages, 1829 KiB  
Systematic Review
Acute Intake of Fructose Increases Arterial Pressure in Humans: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
by Sharif Hasan Siddiqui and Noreen F. Rossi
Nutrients 2024, 16(2), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020219 - 10 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1600
Abstract
Hypertension is a major cardiac risk factor. Higher blood pressures are becoming more prevalent due to changing dietary habits. Here, we evaluated the impact on blood pressure in human subjects after acutely ingesting fructose using meta-analysis. A total of 89 studies were collected [...] Read more.
Hypertension is a major cardiac risk factor. Higher blood pressures are becoming more prevalent due to changing dietary habits. Here, we evaluated the impact on blood pressure in human subjects after acutely ingesting fructose using meta-analysis. A total of 89 studies were collected from four different electronic databases from 1 January 2008 to 1 August 2023. Of these studies, 10 were selected that fulfilled all the criteria for this meta-analysis. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and blood glucose level were analyzed using the Cohen’s d analysis or standardized mean difference at a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The SBP, DBP, and MAP showed medium effect size; HR and glucose level displayed small effect size. The standardized mean difference of normal diet groups and fructose diet groups showed a significant increase in SBP (p = 0.04, REM = 2.30), and DBP (p = 0.03, REM = 1.48) with heterogeneity of 57% and 62%, respectively. Acute fructose ingestion contributes to an increase in arterial pressure in humans. The different parameters of arterial pressure in humans correlated with each other. These findings support further rigorous investigation, retrospective of necessity, into the effect of chronic dietary of fructose in humans in order to better understand the impact on long term arterial pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Recommendations for Hypertension)
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8 pages, 268 KiB  
Commentary
Reducing Dietary Sodium Intake among Young Adults in Ghana: A Call to Action
by Emmanuel Peprah, Prince Amegbor, Amos Laar, Bismark Akasoe and Yvonne Commodore-Mensah
Nutrients 2023, 15(16), 3562; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15163562 - 12 Aug 2023
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Abstract
The positive association between excessive dietary sodium intake, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been widely investigated in observational studies and clinical trials. Reducing sodium intake is a proven strategy to prevent hypertension and the onset of CVD, a major cause of morbidity [...] Read more.
The positive association between excessive dietary sodium intake, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been widely investigated in observational studies and clinical trials. Reducing sodium intake is a proven strategy to prevent hypertension and the onset of CVD, a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Africa has the youngest population globally, which is key to the continent’s sustainable development. However, in Africa, the epidemics of hypertension and CVD negatively impact life expectancy and economic growth. Ghana, like other African countries, is no exception. The factors contributing to the increasing burden of CVD and excessive sodium consumption are multi-faceted and multi-level, including individual lifestyle, neighborhood and built environments, and socio-economic and health policies. Thus, the implementation of evidence-based interventions such as the World Health Organization Best Buys that target the multi-level determinants of sodium consumption is urgently needed in Ghana and other African countries. The aim of this commentary is to highlight factors that contribute to excessive sodium consumption. Second, the commentary will showcase lessons of successful implementation of sodium reduction interventions in other countries. Such lessons may help avert CVD in young adults in Ghana and Africa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Recommendations for Hypertension)
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