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Understanding the Metabolic Disease Landscape — Diet or Genes or Both?

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2026 | Viewed by 831

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
2. Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
Interests: metabolic diseases; diabetes; obesity; osteoporosis; metabolic syndrome; genetic risk factor; molecular diagnostics; genotyping; nutrigenomics
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Guest Editor
Department of Internal Diseases Propaedeutics and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 44-902 Bytom, Poland
Interests: metabolic syndrome; oxidative stress; nutritional pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants; next generating sequence; autopgahy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our bodies undergo a myriad of changes that influence not only our physical health, but also our metabolic processes. One of the most significant factors of this is the interaction between genetics, diet, and environmental influences, which collectively shape the metabolic landscape and can predispose individuals to a variety of metabolic diseases. These include conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolaemia, as well as osteoporosis, which are commonly observed in certain populations. Despite these widespread trends, some individuals live without experiencing major health issues, raising a critical question: why do some people maintain good health while others develop diseases earlier in life?

This Special Issue seeks to explore the intricate relationship between diet, genetics, the metabolome, and the microbiome, as well as metabolic diseases, particularly as they relate to different sexes and ages. We encourage contributions from researchers across multiple disciplines, ranging from basic science to clinical studies, that examine the metabolic pathways and mechanisms involved in different sexes and ages. Particular attention will be given to the role of environmental (external and internal, such as microbiome) and nutritional factors in modulating these pathways, as well as the impact of inflammation and oxidative stress in age-related metabolic disorders.

Key Topics of Interest for This Special Issue

  • The genetic basis of metabolic diseases and their interactions with diet and lifestyle factors.
  • The impact of genetic variants and nutritional factors on the development and progression of metabolic diseases.
  • Evaluations of both genetic and nutritional factors in modulating treatment strategies for metabolic diseases.
  • Designing personalized treatment plans based on genetic predispositions and nutritional factors.
  • Metabolic pathways involved in aging, obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance.
  • The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in age-related metabolic dysfunction.
  • The effects of nutritional status and environmental exposures on metabolic health during aging.
  • Novel therapeutic approaches targeting metabolic pathways to promote healthy aging.

We invite researchers to contribute original articles, reviews, and clinical studies that examine the interplay between genetics, diet, and metabolic diseases in the context of aging. The goal of this Special Issue is to foster a comprehensive understanding of how these factors converge to influence metabolic health, aging processes, and the development of related diseases, with the ultimate aim of promoting healthy, successful aging.

We look forward to your valuable contributions to this important area of research.

Dr. Sylwia Górczyńska-Kosiorz
Dr. Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • metabolic bone disease
  • diet-related diseases
  • genetic risk
  • genotyping
  • autophagy
  • nutrigenomics
  • next-generation sequencing
  • oxidative stress
  • microbiome
  • nutrients
  • personalized treatment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 613 KB  
Article
Interaction Between CTLA-4, FOXO-3, and PTPN-22 Variants and Environmental Factors in Type 1 Diabetes—Observational Association Study
by Edyta Cichocka, Anna Maj-Podsiadło, Sylwia Barbara Górczyńska-Kosiorz, Nikola Szweda-Gandor and Janusz Gumprecht
Nutrients 2025, 17(24), 3886; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243886 - 12 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 438
Abstract
Background: Immune-regulatory genes such as CTLA-4, FOXO-3, and PTPN-22 influence immune tolerance and metabolic adaptation, but their interaction with environmental factors in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) remains unclear. Methods: In this observational associated study, we analyzed CTLA-4 (rs3087243, rs231775), [...] Read more.
Background: Immune-regulatory genes such as CTLA-4, FOXO-3, and PTPN-22 influence immune tolerance and metabolic adaptation, but their interaction with environmental factors in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) remains unclear. Methods: In this observational associated study, we analyzed CTLA-4 (rs3087243, rs231775), FOXO-3 (rs2802292, rs9400239), and PTPN-22 (rs12730735) polymorphisms in 277 adults with T1DM, assessing associations with probiotic and vitamin D use, self-reported dietary patterns, metabolic control, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Results: Across the cohort, CTLA-4 rs3087243 G and FOXO-3 rs2802292 T alleles were associated with higher AITD risk (p = 0.016–0.03), significant in both dominant and additive models. The effect persisted by sex: CTLA-4 in women and FOXO-3 in men. Stratified analyses revealed metabolic advantages for CTLA-4 G and FOXO-3 T carriers (vegetarian diet, lower HbA1c, stress adaptation). FOXO-3 rs9400239 T was linked to MASLD (p ≈ 0.037–0.041), with similar trends for CTLA-4 rs231775, stronger in men. Vitamin D supplementation showed protective trends, particularly in FOXO-3 rs2802292 GG and CTLA-4 GG/AG carriers. Conversely, probiotic use was associated with higher AITD in FOXO-3 rs2802292 GT and CTLA-4 rs3087243 GG genotypes. Conclusions: CTLA-4, FOXO-3, and PTPN-22 variants may modulate the metabolic and autoimmune response to environmental factors including nutrients in T1DM. Full article
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