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Nutrients
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Diet, Gut Health, and Clinical Nutrition
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Diet, Gut Health, and Clinical Nutrition

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2025 | Viewed by 3995

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Fiona McCullough

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK
Interests: clinical nutrition; food choice; dietary behavior; health promotion and intervention; gut health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition in the case of gut health supports clinical therapy and for some conditions is the main therapy.

Gut health is an area of intense interest, being the most populated area with microorganisms within the human body. Functions include digesting food, regulating energy use, providing support to the immune system and hormonal regulation including for hunger and the gut:brain axis. Key nutrients to nourish the gut microbiome include probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids and fibre.

The range of affected conditions include Crohn’s disease, Coeliac disease, constipation, cancer, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Barret’s oesophagus. Nutritional deficiencies include iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium as well as vitamin A, D, B12 and folate, as well as weight loss, all requiring dietetic intervention.

In addition, altered gut microbiota are usually found in inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, depression, Parkinsons disease, Type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, as well as skin conditions such as dermatitis.

Therefore, the aim of this special edition is to showcase emerging knowledge in this topical area and discuss various dietary intervention solutions for patients with gut health conditions affecting their nutritional status.

Prof. Dr. Fiona McCullough
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut
  • diet
  • minerals
  • vitamins
  • Crohn’s disease
  • coeliac
  • irritable bowel syndrome
  • constipation
  • microbiome

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1067 KiB  
Article
Should We Treat SIBO Patients? Impact on Quality of Life and Response to Comprehensive Treatment: A Real-World Clinical Practice Study
by Ana Reyes Liébana-Castillo, Lucía Redondo-Cuevas, Ángela Nicolás, Vanessa Martín-Carbonell, Laura Sanchis, Aroa Olivares, Francisco Grau, Marina Ynfante, Michel Colmenares, María Leonor Molina, José Ramón Lorente, Héctor Tomás, Nadia Moreno, Ana Garayoa, Mercedes Jaén, María Mora, José Gonzalvo, José Ramón Molés, Samuel Díaz, Noelia Sancho, Eva Sánchez, Juan Ortiz, Vicente Gil-Guillén, Ernesto Cortés-Castell and Xavier Cortés-Rizoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1251; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071251 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 939
Abstract
Background: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a dysbiosis marked by an excessive proliferation of bacteria in the small intestine, resulting in abdominal symptoms that significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of a [...] Read more.
Background: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a dysbiosis marked by an excessive proliferation of bacteria in the small intestine, resulting in abdominal symptoms that significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive therapeutic approach in improving the quality of life of patients with SIBO. Methods: For this purpose, standardized questionnaires were used at baseline, 30 days and 90 days, including the IBS-QOL (Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life Questionnaire), the GSRS (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale), the EuroQOL-5D, and the Bristol Scale. Results: The results show that a comprehensive approach, combining pharmacological treatment, appropriate dietary intervention, and strategies aimed at improving gut microbiota and intestinal permeability, produces a sustained improvement in the quality of life of a significant proportion of patients who participated in the study. Furthermore, the results suggest that, although gas normalization is a relevant indicator, clinical improvement and quality of life depend considerably on patients’ subjective perception of their health. Conclusions: This finding underscores the importance of recognizing SIBO as a prevalent condition that requires accurate diagnoses and individualized treatments to improve patients’ well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Gut Health, and Clinical Nutrition)
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21 pages, 1396 KiB  
Article
Dietary Patterns and Fibre Intake Are Associated with Disease Activity in Australian Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Exploratory Dietary Pattern Analysis
by Denelle Cosier, Kelly Lambert, Karen Charlton, Marijka Batterham, Robert D. Little, Nan Wu, Paris Tavakoli, Simon Ghaly, Joseph L. Pipicella, Susan Connor, Steven Leach, Daniel A. Lemberg, Yashar Houshyar, Thisun Jayawardana, Sabrina Koentgen, on behalf of the Australian IBD Microbiome Study Consortium and Georgina L. Hold
Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4349; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244349 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1592
Abstract
Background: Few studies have explored the relationship between habitual dietary patterns and disease activity in people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This cross-sectional study explored the association between dietary patterns and clinical and objective markers of inflammation in adults from the Australian IBD [...] Read more.
Background: Few studies have explored the relationship between habitual dietary patterns and disease activity in people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This cross-sectional study explored the association between dietary patterns and clinical and objective markers of inflammation in adults from the Australian IBD Microbiome Study. Methods: Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA) of baseline food frequency questionnaire data. Food intake was quantified using 3-day food record data. Associations between dietary intake and both clinical disease activity index (CDAI) and faecal calprotectin (FCP) were analysed. Results: Participants included 412 adults (IBD = 223, Healthy controls (HC) = 189). Both cohorts consumed poor-quality diets with inadequate servings of most food groups compared to Australian reference standards. IBD participants without FCP inflammation had significantly higher fibre intake than those with moderate FCP. In the Crohn’s Disease group, high adherence to ‘High plant diversity’ and ‘Meat eaters’ dietary patterns were associated with increased CDAI and FCP, respectively. In the combined IBD cohort, high adherence to a ‘Vegan-style’ dietary pattern was associated with increased FCP. Conclusions: There is a need for dietary modifications among Australian adults, both with and without IBD, to improve dietary fibre intake and adherence to dietary guidelines. Dietary patterns characterised by a high intake of plant foods or meat products were both positively associated with indicators of active IBD. It is possible that some participants with active IBD were modifying their diet to try to manage their disease and reduce symptoms, contributing to the association between healthier dietary patterns and active disease. Further clinical and longitudinal studies are needed to expand upon the findings. This study offers a unique contribution by utilising FCP as an objective marker of intestinal inflammation and applying dietary pattern analysis to investigate the relationship between diet and inflammatory markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Gut Health, and Clinical Nutrition)
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Review

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30 pages, 3212 KiB  
Review
Modulating Gut Microbiota with Dietary Components: A Novel Strategy for Cancer–Depression Comorbidity Management
by Haochen Dai, Haiyi Yang, Rui Wang, Xuanpeng Wang and Xin Zhang
Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1505; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091505 - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota play a critical role in mediating the bidirectional association between cancer and depression. Emerging evidence indicates that adjusting the dietary component intake can significantly alter gut microbiota composition, thereby influencing the host’s metabolism and immune function. Changes in gut [...] Read more.
Background: Gut microbiota play a critical role in mediating the bidirectional association between cancer and depression. Emerging evidence indicates that adjusting the dietary component intake can significantly alter gut microbiota composition, thereby influencing the host’s metabolism and immune function. Changes in gut microbiota and their metabolites may represent key factors in preventing cancer–depression comorbidity. Methods: English publications were searched in databases including the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed using a series of keywords: “cancer”, “depression”, “gut microbiota”, “dietary components”, and related terms, individually or in combination. The search focused on preclinical and clinical studies describing the regulatory effects of dietary component interventions. Results: This narrative review summarizes the associations among gut microbiota, cancer, and depression, and synthesizes current evidence on the modulatory effects and mechanisms of specific dietary component interventions, including dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, and diet-derived phytochemicals, on gut microbiota. On the one hand, these interventions inhibit abnormal proliferation signals in the tumor microenvironment and enhance anticancer immune responses; on the other hand, they modulate neurotransmitter homeostasis, suppress neuroinflammation, and improve mood behaviors through the gut–brain axis interactions mediated by microbial metabolites. Conclusions: The complex associations among cancer, depression, and gut microbiota require further clarification. Modulating gut microbiota composition through dietary components represents a novel therapeutic strategy for improving cancer–depression comorbidity. Regulated gut microbiota enhance immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier function, while their metabolites bidirectionally modulate one another via systemic circulation and the gut–brain axis, thereby improving both the tumor microenvironment and depressive-like behaviors in cancer patients while reducing the adverse effects of cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Gut Health, and Clinical Nutrition)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

24 pages, 1570 KiB  
Systematic Review
Strain-Specific Therapeutic Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: A Systematic Scoping Review
by Oranut Chatsirisakul, Natasha Leenabanchong, Yada Siripaopradit, Chun-Wei Chang, Patsakorn Buhngamongkol and Krit Pongpirul
Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071165 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1426
Abstract
Objectives: This systematically scoping review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential and clinical benefits of specific Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) strains in human health, identifying their strain-specific effects across various medical conditions. Methods: Following the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines [...] Read more.
Objectives: This systematically scoping review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential and clinical benefits of specific Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) strains in human health, identifying their strain-specific effects across various medical conditions. Methods: Following the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and employing the PICO framework, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase databases to identify relevant studies published up to December 2023. Inclusion criteria were rigorously applied to ensure the selection of high-quality studies focusing on the clinical application of distinct L. plantarum stains. Results: This review analyzed several unique strains of L. plantarum across 69 studies, identifying several therapeutic benefits. L. plantarum 299v effectively improved gastrointestinal symptoms, enhanced oral health, and reduced systemic inflammation. L. plantarum IS-10506 exhibited notable immunomodulatory effects, especially in managing atopic dermatitis. L. plantarum LB931 showed promise in decreasing pathogenic colonization, supporting women’s vaginal health. Additionally, L. plantarum CCFM8724 demonstrated potential in reducing early childhood caries, highlighting its promise in pediatric oral care. Conclusions: The therapeutic potential of L. plantarum is extensive, with certain strains exhibiting promising clinical benefits for specific health concerns. The findings of this review advocate for the integration of L. plantarum strains into clinical practice, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate their mechanisms of action, optimal dosages, and long-term safety profiles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Gut Health, and Clinical Nutrition)
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