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Effects of Diet on Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Health in...
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Effects of Diet on Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Health in Humans

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2022) | Viewed by 9027

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Peter J. Joris

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
Interests: diet; vascular function; cardiometabolic health; brain health; cognitive performance; human intervention studies
Prof. Dr. Ronald P. Mensink

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Interests: lipids; bioactive nutrients; cardiometabolic health; metabolic syndrome; dietary intervention studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Improving diet is instrumental for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is already for many decades a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the number of large randomized controlled trials with appropriate follow-up periods and with cardiovascular events as endpoints is limited, as they require inclusion of thousands of participants with very long follow-up periods. As an alternative approach, the effects of dietary interventions on vascular function and cardiometabolic risk markers as surrogate risk markers of CVD can be investigated. These markers are associated with future cardiovascular events and can also be used to demonstrate CVD benefits.

This Special Issue now welcomes original research and reviews that focus on the effects of bioactive ingredients - or specific foods or dietary patterns - on vascular function and cardiometabolic risk in humans. Increasing our knowledge in this area will be helpful for the development of evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of CVD.

Dr. Peter J. Joris
Prof. Dr. Ronald P. Mensink
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • bioactive ingredients
  • dietary patterns
  • human studies
  • trials
  • risk markers
  • vascular function
  • cardiometabolic health
  • cardiovascular disease

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 683 KiB  
Article
Acute Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Intake on Brachial and Femoral Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, and on Carotid Artery Reactivity Responses: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Abdominally Obese Men
by Ellen T. H. C. Smeets, Ronald P. Mensink, Jordi P. D. Kleinloog and Peter J. Joris
Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3560; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173560 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1851
Abstract
Most trials on the effects of inorganic nitrate intake have focused on only one specific aspect of the endothelial cell response to a stimulus, thereby possibly missing other important effects. The aim of the present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study was therefore to [...] Read more.
Most trials on the effects of inorganic nitrate intake have focused on only one specific aspect of the endothelial cell response to a stimulus, thereby possibly missing other important effects. The aim of the present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study was therefore to investigate in eighteen healthy abdominally obese men (18–60 years, waist circumference ≥ 102 cm) acute effects of potassium nitrate on brachial and femoral flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and on carotid artery reactivity (CAR) to a cold pressure test. Participants received in random order a drink providing 10 mmol potassium nitrate (i.e., 625 mg of nitrate) or an iso-molar placebo drink with potassium chloride. Fasted and 4 h post-drink FMD and blood pressure measurements were performed. CAR responses were assessed at 4 h. Circulating nitrate plus nitrite concentration increased following nitrate intake (p = 0.003). Compared with placebo, potassium nitrate did not affect brachial (mean [95% confidence interval]: −0.2% [−2.5, 2.1], p = 0.86) and femoral FMD responses (−0.6% [−3.0; 1.7], p = 0.54). CAR responses were also not different (−0.8% [−2.5, 0.9], p = 0.32). Finally, changes in blood pressure and heart rate did not differ. No adverse events were observed. In conclusion, this trial did not provide evidence for effects of a single dose of inorganic nitrate on 4 h vascular endothelial function in abdominally obese men. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Diet on Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Health in Humans)
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21 pages, 1538 KiB  
Article
Daily Inclusion of Resistant Starch-Containing Potatoes in a Dietary Guidelines for Americans Dietary Pattern Does Not Adversely Affect Cardiometabolic Risk or Intestinal Permeability in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Sisi Cao, Emily L. Shaw, William R. Quarles, Geoffrey Y. Sasaki, Priyankar Dey, Joanna K. Hodges, Avinash Pokala, Min Zeng and Richard S. Bruno
Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1545; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081545 - 08 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3334
Abstract
Poor diet quality influences cardiometabolic risk. Although potatoes are suggested to adversely affect cardiometabolic health, controlled trials that can establish causality are limited. Consistent with potatoes being rich in micronutrients and resistant starch, we hypothesized that their inclusion in a Dietary Guidelines for [...] Read more.
Poor diet quality influences cardiometabolic risk. Although potatoes are suggested to adversely affect cardiometabolic health, controlled trials that can establish causality are limited. Consistent with potatoes being rich in micronutrients and resistant starch, we hypothesized that their inclusion in a Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)-based dietary pattern would improve cardiometabolic and gut health in metabolic syndrome (MetS) persons. In a randomized cross-over trial, MetS persons (n = 27; 32.5 ± 1.3 year) consumed a DGA-based diet for 2 weeks containing potatoes (DGA + POTATO; 17.5 g/day resistant starch) or bagels (DGA + BAGEL; 0 g/day resistant starch) prior to completing oral glucose and gut permeability tests. Blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, and insulin resistance decreased (p < 0.05) from baseline regardless of treatment without any change in body mass. Oral glucose-induced changes in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, nitric oxide homeostasis, and lipid peroxidation did not differ between treatment arms. Serum endotoxin AUC0–120 min and urinary lactulose/mannitol, but not urinary sucralose/erythritol, were lower in DGA + POTATO. Fecal microbiome showed limited between-treatment differences, but the proportion of acetate was higher in DGA + POTATO. Thus, short-term consumption of a DGA-based diet decreases cardiometabolic risk, and the incorporation of resistant starch-containing potatoes into a healthy diet reduces small intestinal permeability and postprandial endotoxemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Diet on Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Health in Humans)
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Review

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24 pages, 1616 KiB  
Review
Plant-Based Foods and Vascular Function: A Systematic Review of Dietary Intervention Trials in Older Subjects and Hypothesized Mechanisms of Action
by Massimiliano Tucci, Mirko Marino, Daniela Martini, Marisa Porrini, Patrizia Riso and Cristian Del Bo’
Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2615; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132615 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3167
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, still the leading cause of mortality in the world, are closely related to vascular function. Older subjects are more susceptible to endothelial dysfunction and therefore it is important to define possible preventive or support strategies, such as consumption of foods with [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases, still the leading cause of mortality in the world, are closely related to vascular function. Older subjects are more susceptible to endothelial dysfunction and therefore it is important to define possible preventive or support strategies, such as consumption of foods with health-promoting effects. This systematic review aims to summarize the currently available evidence on acute or chronic trials testing the effect of selected plant-based foods on vascular function parameters in older subjects, and consider plausible mechanisms that may support the main findings. A total of 15 trials were included and analyzed, testing the effects of beetroot, plum, blueberry, and vegetable oils. We found some interesting results regarding markers of vascular reactivity, in particular for beetroot, while no effects were found for markers of arterial stiffness. The amelioration of vascular function seems to be more related to the restoration of a condition of nitric oxide impairment, exacerbated by diseases or hypoxic condition, rather than the enhancement of a physiological situation, as indicated by the limited effects on healthy older subjects or in control groups with young subjects. However, the overall set of selected studies is, in any case, rather limited and heterogeneous in terms of characteristics of the studies, indicating the need for additional high-quality intervention trials to better clarify the role of vegetable foods in restoring and/or improving vascular function in order to better elucidate the mechanisms through which these foods may exert their vascular health benefits in older subjects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Diet on Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Health in Humans)
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