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The Importance of Carotenoids in Age-Related Disease—Current Data

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 March 2026 | Viewed by 3736

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
Interests: carotenoids; depression; endoplasmic reticulum stress; inflammation; oxidative stress; periodontitis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carotenoids are a highly diverse group of plant-derived compounds. Carotenoids are divided into two groups: carotenes and xanthophylls. Carotenes, such as α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene, are lipophilic hydrocarbons. Xanthophylls are hydrophilic carotenoids containing oxygen atoms; they include compounds such as β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, and peridinin. Approximately 850 types of natural carotenoids had been reported by 2018.

The beneficial effects of carotenoids are partly due to their role as antioxidants, compounds with antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory effects. Beta-carotene may have additional benefits due to the fact that it can be converted into vitamin A. In addition, lutein and zeaxanthin may have a protective effect in eye diseases because they absorb harmful blue light that enters the eye.

Therefore, they are especially importance in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases such as AMD (age-related macular degeneration), neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and even periodontitis.

Our aim in launching this Special Issue, "The Importance of Carotenoids in Age-Related Disease—Current Data", is to present new carotenoids and their role in therapy by exploring their mechanisms of action and significance in various diseases, as well as uncovering the side effects that may accompany their use, in order to enhance their safety.

In this Special Issue, we will present new possible applications for carotenoids in human health.

Dr. Anna Wiktorowska-Owczarek
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • carotenes
  • xanthophylls
  • antioxidants
  • antiapoptotic agents
  • anti-inflammatory agents
  • therapeutic uses of carotenoids
  • safety of carotenoids
  • AMD
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • periodontitis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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23 pages, 2553 KB  
Review
Anti-DNA Damage Mechanisms and the Role of Carotenoids, Vitamin A, and Its Derivatives
by Agnieszka Maria Kołodziejczyk and Bolesław Karwowski
Nutrients 2025, 17(17), 2721; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17172721 - 22 Aug 2025
Viewed by 880
Abstract
All forms of vitamin A have a similar structure and physiological functions in the body. These compounds can be classified as retinoids, including moieties with a common structure of four isoprenoid units of natural or synthetic origin. Vitamin A is generally uptake from [...] Read more.
All forms of vitamin A have a similar structure and physiological functions in the body. These compounds can be classified as retinoids, including moieties with a common structure of four isoprenoid units of natural or synthetic origin. Vitamin A is generally uptake from products of animal origin (retinol and its derivatives) or from plants as provitamin A (carotenoids). Vitamin A is fat-soluble, so it is easily absorbed and transported in the body. The main storage sites are the liver and adipose tissue. Excessive amounts of the vitamin may lead to the development of different abnormal processes in the human body. Apart from being crucial for retina conditions and functions and the immune system, vitamin A is also deeply involved in DNA repair mechanisms. Its antioxidant nature helps to reduce the oxidative damage to DNA by neutralizing free radicals and thus decreasing the oxidative stress. On the other hand, vitamin A deficiency leads to lower antioxidant enzyme activity, which results in the weakening of the defense system against free radicals. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of DNA repair and determine the role of carotenoids, vitamin A, and its derivatives as contributing factors in this process. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on the dual role of vitamin A in DNA integrity by examining the conditions under which it acts as a genotoxic agent versus a facilitator of DNA repair. This article also discusses the role of vitamin A in inhibiting oxidative stress and its anti- and pro-cancer impact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Importance of Carotenoids in Age-Related Disease—Current Data)
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32 pages, 1821 KB  
Systematic Review
Skin Aging and Carotenoids: A Systematic Review of Their Multifaceted Protective Mechanisms
by Cristina Stanescu, Iulia Chiscop, Daniela Mihalache, Florina Popa, Camelia Tamas and Gabriela Stoleriu
Nutrients 2025, 17(16), 2596; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17162596 - 9 Aug 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2550
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by intrinsic factorssuch as genetic predispositions and hormonal changes as well as extrinsic factors including ultraviolet radiation, environmental pollution, and lifestyle habits. This process culminates in a progressive decline in the structural and functional integrity [...] Read more.
Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by intrinsic factorssuch as genetic predispositions and hormonal changes as well as extrinsic factors including ultraviolet radiation, environmental pollution, and lifestyle habits. This process culminates in a progressive decline in the structural and functional integrity of the skin. This review delves into the protective roles of carotenoids, highlighting their significant anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and photoprotective properties. We included studies that investigated the effects of dietary or topical carotenoids on skin aging markers in human and animal models. Eligible studies were identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to March 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool for randomized trials and animal studies. A total of 176 studies were included, and data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes. The findings indicate that carotenoids mitigate oxidative stress-induced cellular damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), attenuating chronic inflammation, and enhancing dermal matrix integrity via collagen biosynthesis and modulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, they support skin hydration and elasticity by indirectly regulating aquaporins and promoting hyaluronic acid synthesis. This review further explores emerging strategies that incorporate carotenoid supplementation in lifestyle medicine and preventive dermatology. By elucidating the cellular pathways through which carotenoids exert their effects and modulate mitochondrial function, this review highlights their translational potential in anti-aging skincare. Ongoing research is essential to comprehend the complex connections between carotenoids, skin physiology, and overall health. This understanding will ultimately facilitate the creation of personalized nutritional and dermocosmetic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Importance of Carotenoids in Age-Related Disease—Current Data)
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