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Dietary Interventions and Usefulness of Biomarkers in Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 1565

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Interests: type 2 diabetes; obesity; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular risk in metabolic diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemias and metabolic syndrome, are long-duration conditions with a complex determinism. Despite a better understanding of the mechanistic background, they continue to display pandemic prevalences worldwide, with many cases occurring at relatively young ages and generating life-threatening complications. Even though it is currently common knowledge that unhealthy nutrition is often a central predisposing factor leading to the development of metabolic diseases, we are still far away from an efficient solution to their problem. Given the discrepancy between the high number of cases and insufficient healthcare resources, an energetic yet simple approach would seem to be the key. First, we need suitable yet cheap methods for an early diagnosis, ideally identifying the predisposition for a metabolic condition or at least before the disease becomes overt. In recent years, biomarker discovery has experienced exponential development, even establishing the entirely new field of metabolomics. Therefore, identifying molecules that may predict the evolution of or towards metabolic diseases is a reasonable and worthwhile perspective. Second, we need low-cost interventions, available even in low- and middle-income countries, which can offer a high preventive value. For these, humankind has also returned to simplicity in recent decades, when the real health potential of balanced eating patterns has been rediscovered. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses precisely on these two essential poles of nutritional intervention and early diagnosis by biomarkers suitable for metabolic diseases and aims to depict them from the broadest perspective, starting with the molecular, preclinical approach and extending to clinical viewpoints that centre on this connection.

Dr. Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătuşu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nutritional intervention
  • dietary patterns
  • eating habits
  • dietary intervention
  • healthy eating plan
  • biomarkers
  • metabolites
  • metabolomics
  • metabolic profiling
  • metabolic remodelling
  • metabolic reprogramming
  • diabetes mellitus
  • obesity
  • dyslipidemias
  • metabolic syndrome
  • insulin resistance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 3144 KiB  
Article
Peanut Shell Extract Improves Markers of Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Mice by Modulating Gut Dysbiosis and Suppressing Inflammatory Immune Response
by Matthew Bender, Julianna M. Santos, Jannette M. Dufour, Hemalata Deshmukh, Scott Trasti, Moamen M. Elmassry and Chwan-Li Shen
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4158; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234158 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1310
Abstract
Background/Objective: There is strong evidence that the tripartite interaction between glucose homeostasis, gut microbiota, and the host immune system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We reported previously that peanut shell extract (PSE) improves mitochondrial function [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: There is strong evidence that the tripartite interaction between glucose homeostasis, gut microbiota, and the host immune system plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We reported previously that peanut shell extract (PSE) improves mitochondrial function in db/db mice by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, brain, and white adipose tissue. This study evaluated the impacts of PSE supplementation on glucose homeostasis, liver histology, intestinal microbiome composition, and the innate immune response in diabetic mice. Methods: Fourteen db/db mice were randomly assigned to a diabetic group (DM, AIN-93G diet) and a PSE group (1% wt/wt PSE in the AIN-93G diet) for 5 weeks. Six C57BL/6J mice received the AIN-93G diet for 5 weeks (control group). Parameters of glucose homeostasis included serum insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, and the analysis of pancreatic tissues for insulin and glucagon. We assessed the innate immune response in the colon and liver using a microarray. Gut microbiome composition of cecal contents was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results: PSE supplementation improved glucose homeostasis (decreased serum insulin concentration, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B) and reduced hepatic lipidosis in diabetic mice. PSE supplementation reversed DM-induced shifts in the relative abundance of amplicon sequence variants of Enterorhabdus, Staphylococcus, Anaerotruncus, and Akkermansia. Relative to the DM mice, the PSE group had suppressed gene expression levels of Cd8α, Csf2, and Irf23 and increased expression levels of Tyk2, Myd88, and Gusb in the liver. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PSE supplementation improves T2DM-associated disorders of diabetic mice, in part due to the suppression of innate immune inflammation. Full article
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