Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacological Innovations and Related Therapeutic Benefits

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 798

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
Interests: type 2 diabetes; obesity; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular risk in metabolic diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern medical care for people with diabetes mellitus has some distinctive features. First, despite all preventive measures, we have witnessed an accelerated increase in the prevalence of diabetes worldwide; the most recent global estimates suggest that approximately 537 million people have diabetes and that there were 6.7 million diabetes-related deaths in 2021, with this number projected to increase to 783 million in adults by 2045 and 1.31 billion all-age people by 2050. Secondly, there have been extraordinary advancements in diabetes-targeting therapies in recent years, with multiple new therapeutic classes and novel technologies being developed to modify the clinical outcomes of people with diabetes. These innovations have fundamentally changed clinical guidelines, and the pace of development is so swift that medical thinking today has almost completely changed compared to only fifteen or twenty years ago. The fundamentals of diabetes care currently extend well beyond glucose control to weight control, encompass a multifactorial approach to cardiovascular risk, and promote the use of antihyperglycemic medications that also offer cardiorenal benefits. Together with the ever-present need to empower patients to successfully self-manage their disease, all these approaches will hopefully change the quality of life and disease duration for millions of people worldwide. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on these significant advancements, starting from the first phases of pharmacological research on diabetes and extending to the various benefits we see developing regarding the clinical outcomes of people with diabetes.

Dr. Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătuşu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • therapy of diabetes mellitus
  • pharmacological innovations
  • incretins
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists
  • SGLT-2 inhibitors
  • weight control
  • diabetes-related cardiovascular risk
  • non-glycemic benefits of diabetes drugs
  • diabetes-related technologies
  • diabetes outcomes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 5798 KB  
Article
Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) Alkaloids Improve Pancreatic β-Cell Function Through Gut Microbial and Intra-Islet 2-Methoxyestradiol Biosynthesis
by Nan Wu, Lusi Lu, Yiming Liu, Sunyue He, Chunyi Xu, Ying Wu, Yuchen Zhao, Xihua Lin, Wenjing Zhang and Jiaqiang Zhou
Biomedicines 2025, 13(8), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13082013 - 19 Aug 2025
Viewed by 506
Abstract
Background: Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) Alkaloids (SZ-A) are natural hypoglycemic compounds known to enhance insulin secretion. Given the emerging role of the gut microbiota in regulating β-cell function, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether SZ-A exert their beneficial effects through modulating [...] Read more.
Background: Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) Alkaloids (SZ-A) are natural hypoglycemic compounds known to enhance insulin secretion. Given the emerging role of the gut microbiota in regulating β-cell function, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether SZ-A exert their beneficial effects through modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Methods: A diabetic mouse model was established using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin, followed by 20 weeks of SZ-A treatment. Gut microbiota and metabolites were profiled via 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to explore associations between gut microbiota and metabolites. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to assess gene expression and signaling pathway changes in β cells. Results: Our results demonstrate that SZ-A alleviated hyperglycemia and increased islet numbers in T2DM mice. SZ-A treatment also reshaped the gut microbiota, notably enriching quantities of Lactobacillus and norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, which may contribute to increasing levels of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), a bioactive metabolite. Moreover, scRNA-seq revealed an increased proportion of COMT+ cells in the islets, suggesting that 2-ME may also be synthesized within the islets. In vitro, 2-ME suppressed HIF-1α signaling and promoted insulin secretion, indicating that 2-ME may act as a crucial mediator of the beneficial effects of SZ-A. Conclusions: SZ-A improve β-cell function by increasing 2-ME levels via gut microbiota modulation and islet production, ultimately suppressing HIF-1α signaling and restoring β-cell homeostasis. Full article
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