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Diet, Lifestyle and Cognition

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 July 2024) | Viewed by 5281

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), Section of Geriatrics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
Interests: geriatrics; frail elderly; dementia; oncogeriatrics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aging population displays wide heterogeneity in the response, adaptation, and age-related physiological changes throughout the life course. Therefore, aging should be considered to be a process in which chronological and biological age interact, drawing different individualized clinical trajectories and favoring a fitness or frailty status, which is a status of reduced physiological reserve characterized by higher vulnerability to environmental stressors. The latter is the basis of pathological and less healthy aging. In particular, brain aging and cognitive performance reflect this differentiated pacing and strictly interact with frailty that has shown to modulate the clinical expression of dementia especially in later life.

The multifactorial nature of biological aging is initially determined by the genetic profile of each person, which will largely establish part of the molecular changes and the rate of functional decline of the organic systems throughout the aging process. However, it has been demonstrated that molecular changes and functional decline are determined not only by genetics but also by other dimensions, among which lifestyles, including nutrition and physical activity/exercise, may influence both dimensions and consequently the evolution of the biological age. Therefore, it is important to fully determine how lifestyles such as nutritional pattern and physical activity affect the principal physiological and psychological changes that occur in aging. In particular, there is increasing evidence about the effects of diet quality, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, and physical activity/exercise behaviors on frailty, cognition, and aging. In this regard, frailty and cognitive decline are two of the most relevant consequences associated with the aging process affecting quality of life, function, and independence in older adults.

This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Diet, Lifestyle and Cognition”, describes how lifestyles, including nutrition and physical activity, influence cognition and cognitive disorders such as mild cognitive impairment, dementia of the Alzheimer type, and other types of dementia with innovative strategies for potential preventative approaches.

In this Special Issue, both basic and clinical research studies will be accepted.

The submission of manuscripts describing either original research or systematic reviews and meta-analyses are welcome.

Dr. Fiammetta Monacelli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mild cognitive impairment
  • dementia
  • nutrition
  • preventative strategies

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 211 KiB  
Editorial
Fasting and Cognitive Impairment
by Luca Tagliafico, Alessio Nencioni and Fiammetta Monacelli
Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5108; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245108 - 14 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2269
Abstract
Fasting is a nutritional practice involving complete food restriction for a varying length of time [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Lifestyle and Cognition)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

14 pages, 2844 KiB  
Article
Gut Microbiome Is Related to Cognitive Impairment in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
by Fabiola Martín-del-Campo, Natali Vega-Magaña, Noé A. Salazar-Félix, Alfonso M. Cueto-Manzano, Marcela Peña-Rodríguez, Laura Cortés-Sanabria, María L. Romo-Flores and Enrique Rojas-Campos
Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2659; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162659 - 12 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1278
Abstract
Gut microbiota disturbances may influence cognitive function, increasing uremic toxins and inflammation in dialysis patients; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association of the gut microbiota profile with cognitive impairment (CI) in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). In a cross-sectional study, cognitive [...] Read more.
Gut microbiota disturbances may influence cognitive function, increasing uremic toxins and inflammation in dialysis patients; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association of the gut microbiota profile with cognitive impairment (CI) in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). In a cross-sectional study, cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in 39 APD patients and classified as normal cognitive function and CI. The gut microbiota was analyzed using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. All patients had clinical, biochemical and urea clearance evaluations. Eighty-two percent of patients were men, with a mean age of 47 ± 24 years and 11 (7–48) months on PD therapy; 64% had mild CI. Patients with CI were older (53 ± 16 vs. 38 ± 14, p = 0.006) and had a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus (56% vs. 21%, p = 0.04) and constipation (7% vs. 48%, p = 0.04) and lower creatinine concentrations (11.3 ± 3.7 vs. 14.9 ± 5.4, p = 0.02) compared to normal cognitive function patients. Patients with CI showed a preponderance of S24_7, Rikenellaceae, Odoribacteraceae, Odoribacter and Anaerotruncus, while patients without CI had a greater abundance of Dorea, Ruminococcus, Sutterella and Fusobacteria (LDA score (Log10) > 2.5; p < 0.05). After glucose and age adjustment, Odoribacter was still associated with CI. In conclusion, patients with CI had a different gut microbiota characterized by the higher abundance of indole-producing and mucin-fermenting bacteria compared to normal cognitive function patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Lifestyle and Cognition)
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18 pages, 322 KiB  
Article
Health-Related Behaviours of Foreign Students Studying in Poland and Their Determinants: A Mixed-Methods Study
by Agnieszka Chrzan-Rodak, Jadwiga Bąk, Justyna Chałdaś-Majdańska, Michał Machul, Anna Obuchowska, Aleksandra Grzegorczyk, Magdalena Dziurka, Patrycja Ozdoba and Beata Dobrowolska
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081149 - 12 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1182
Abstract
Educational migration benefits students and receiving countries, but universities are challenged to meet a variety of needs, such as cultural adaptation and changes in health behaviours such as dietary habits. This study aimed to assess the health-related behaviours, encompassing dietary/eating habits, among international [...] Read more.
Educational migration benefits students and receiving countries, but universities are challenged to meet a variety of needs, such as cultural adaptation and changes in health behaviours such as dietary habits. This study aimed to assess the health-related behaviours, encompassing dietary/eating habits, among international students in Poland, while also elucidating the factors influencing these behaviours. The study consisted of two phases: (phase 1) cross-sectional research among 231 foreign students using the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire (FLQ); and (phase 2) focus group interviews with 15 international students. The study was conducted in accordance with STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) and COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) Checklists. It was shown that the respondents highly value health. Students’ health-related behaviours are related to their financial situation, health condition, self-assessment of their lifestyle, the importance attached to being healthy, and their country of origin. The qualitative analysis allowed us to identify (1) the barriers related to the exhibiting of health-related behaviours, (2) expectations of foreign students regarding the exhibiting of health-related behaviours, (3) changes in the health-related behaviours, and (4) factors facilitating the exhibiting of health-related behaviours. There is a need for inter-university cooperation on a strategy to promote health-promoting behaviours of foreign students studying in Poland. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Lifestyle and Cognition)
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