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Specialized Diet, Obesity, and Associated Metabolic Diseases (3rd Edition)

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2025) | Viewed by 2631

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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: biochemistry; metabolic diseases; melatonin; adipokines; inflammation; antioxidants; oxidative stress; cancer; parasites; skin ion transport
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is one of the most common healthcare problems in developed countries, affecting people of both genders and all age groups. In addition to genetic factors, overweight and obesity are the result of an imbalance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure. Poor-quality diets and easy access to unhealthy foods are important factors in the obesity epidemic. Importantly, being overweight and obese are major risk factors in the pathogenesis of many associated diseases, including metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, amongst others. Despite increased efforts to reduce the epidemic of obesity by promoting healthy diets, physical activity, and pharmacological treatment, the problem continues to grow. Undoubtedly, new approaches are essential to develop effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity and comorbidities. Various specialized diets and dietary supplements are considered to treat obesity and related diseases. In this Special Issue, manuscripts that focus on the topic “Specialized Diet, Obesity, and Associated Metabolic Disease” are welcome. This includes original in vitro, animal, and human research cohort studies, systematic literature reviews, and meta-analyses.

Prof. Dr. Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • obesity
  • specialized diet
  • metabolic syndrome
  • type II diabetes
  • non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • oxysterols
  • dietary supplements

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 660 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Carnosine Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Health in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
by Saeede Saadati, Paul Jansons, David Scott, Maximilian de Courten, Aya Mousa, Jack Feehan, Jakub Mesinovic and Barbora de Courten
Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4328; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244328 - 15 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal outcomes likely due to heightened chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation end-products (AGE). Carnosine has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-AGE properties. However, no clinical trials [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal outcomes likely due to heightened chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation end-products (AGE). Carnosine has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-AGE properties. However, no clinical trials have examined the impact of carnosine on musculoskeletal health in adults with prediabetes or T2D. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 49 participants with prediabetes or T2D and without existing musculoskeletal conditions were assigned to receive either 2 g/day carnosine or matching placebo for 14 weeks. Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess body composition, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was used to assess bone health at the distal and proximal tibia. Results: Forty-three participants completed this study. Carnosine supplementation had no effect on change in hand grip strength (HGS) or upper-limb relative strength (HGS/lean mass) versus placebo. Change in appendicular lean mass, percentage of body fat, visceral fat area, proximal tibial cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), distal tibial trabecular vBMD, and stress-strain index did not differ with carnosine compared to placebo. Fourteen weeks of carnosine supplementation did not improve muscle strength, body composition, or bone health in adults with prediabetes or T2D. Conclusions: Carnosine supplementation may not be an effective approach for improving musculoskeletal health in adults with prediabetes and T2D without musculoskeletal conditions. However, appropriately powered trials with longer duration are warranted to confirm our findings. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02917928). Full article
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17 pages, 283 KiB  
Review
The Role of Dietary Education in Cardiac Rehabilitation
by Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz, Michal Mazur and Francesco Perone
Nutrients 2025, 17(6), 1082; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17061082 - 19 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death globally; however, most cases could be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, such as unhealthy lifestyle factors, including diet. These aspects are also crucial in secondary prevention. Cardiac rehabilitation programs are vital in improving cardiovascular [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death globally; however, most cases could be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors, such as unhealthy lifestyle factors, including diet. These aspects are also crucial in secondary prevention. Cardiac rehabilitation programs are vital in improving cardiovascular outcomes, and apart from recommended pharmacotherapy, they focus on lifestyle modifications, including exercise, a healthy diet, and smoking cessation. The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence on the role of dietary education in cardiac rehabilitation programs. The available data show that nutritional recommendations play an important role in cardiac rehabilitation programs, with the Mediterranean diet being widely recommended for its cardiovascular benefits. Adherence to dietary recommendations in the course of cardiac rehabilitation has been linked to improved metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes; however, further studies with long-term follow-up are needed. Moreover, while challenges in following dietary recommendations exist, individualized care and support are essential for successful outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Including dietary education is an important part of cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction; however, more studies are needed to investigate the role of individualized dietary support and personalized education in cardiac rehabilitation. Full article
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