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Nutrients
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Clinical Outcomes and Emerging Evidence on the Mediterranean Diet
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Clinical Outcomes and Emerging Evidence on the Mediterranean Diet

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2026) | Viewed by 1093

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Josipa Radić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Internal Medicine Department, Nephrology, Dialysis and Arterial Hypertension Division, University Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
2. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: chronic kidney disease; clinical nutrition; kidney transplantation; diabetes; obesity; arterial hypertension
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a method of eating based on the traditional dishes and foods of countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, including Greece, Italy, and Spain. It emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and olive oil, with moderate amounts of fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products.

This dietary pattern is currently being widely studied in the field of nutrition and medicine, and its effects on health, especially chronic, non-communicable diseases, are being assessed.

The effects of MedDiet on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease are widely recognized. Also, numerous studies have confirmed the positive effects of following MedDiet on different metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome) and some types of cancer.

Although the evidence is still scarce, existing results indicate that MedDiet may play a preventive role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, chronic kidney disease, respiratory chronic diseases, hip fractures, depression, erectile dysfunction, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

This Special Issue encourages the submission of research and review articles focusing on the long-term effects of the MedDiet in chronic non-communicable diseases.

Dr. Josipa Radić
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mediterranean diet
  • chronic non-communicable disease
  • dietary pattern
  • chronic disease prevention
  • plant-based diets

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

17 pages, 677 KB  
Review
Targeting the Gut–Kidney–Heart Axis in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Mediterranean Diet as a Strategy to Reduce Uremic Toxins and Cardiovascular Risk
by Josipa Radić, Tina Bečić, Marijana Vučković, Ivana Jukić, Jonatan Vuković, Damir Fabijanić and Mislav Radić
Nutrients 2026, 18(9), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18091451 - 30 Apr 2026
Viewed by 673
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a markedly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality that cannot be fully explained by traditional risk factors. Emerging evidence highlights the central role of the gut–kidney–heart axis, whereby gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the generation [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a markedly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality that cannot be fully explained by traditional risk factors. Emerging evidence highlights the central role of the gut–kidney–heart axis, whereby gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the generation and systemic accumulation of uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). These metabolites contribute to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular remodeling, thereby accelerating CV disease progression in CKD. Dietary patterns represent a key modifiable factor influencing gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity. The Mediterranean diet, characterized by high intake of plant-based foods, dietary fiber, and polyphenols, and low consumption of red and processed meats, has emerged as a promising microbiota-targeted strategy. It promotes saccharolytic fermentation, enhances short-chain fatty acid production, and reduces proteolytic pathways responsible for uremic toxin generation. Accumulating evidence from observational studies, meta-analyses, and dietary intervention trials suggests that adherence to Mediterranean and plant-based dietary patterns is associated with reduced uremic toxin burden, improved renal outcomes, and lower CV risk in CKD populations. However, direct interventional evidence linking Mediterranean diet adherence to changes in specific uremic toxin levels remains limited. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on diet–microbiota interactions in CKD and highlights the Mediterranean diet as a biologically plausible strategy for targeting the gut–kidney–heart axis. Future well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm causal relationships and support clinical implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcomes and Emerging Evidence on the Mediterranean Diet)
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