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Nutrients
Special Issues
Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Related Disorders
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Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Related Disorders

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 June 2023) | Viewed by 15482

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vincenzo Triggiani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: iodine; iodine prophylaxis; iodine, selenium and thyroid disorders; iodine deficiency related disorders; iodine deficiency and pregnancy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giuseppe Lisco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: iodine; iodine prophylaxis; iodine, selenium and thyroid disorders; iodine deficiency related disorders; iodine deficiency and pregnancy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Iodine is an essential micronutrient that is crucial for the formation of thyroid hormones involved in a wide range of neurodevelopmental and metabolic processes. Iodine deficiency is still one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies, involving more than one billion people worldwide. The most serious consequences of iodine deficiency include hypothyroidism, early abortion, low birth weight, preterm delivery, neuro-cognitive impairment, and mental retardation.

Iodine intakes can be improved through fortification with universal salt iodization, as recommended by the World Health Organization. However, although substantial progress has been made worldwide, mild-to-moderate deficiency is still prevalent, even in many developed countries.

This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled "Iodine Deficiency and Iodine-Related Disorders", welcomes the submission of manuscripts describing either original research or reviews.

Dr. Vincenzo Triggiani
Dr. Giuseppe Lisco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • iodine
  • iodine prophylaxis
  • iodized salt
  • goiter
  • hypothyroidism

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

12 pages, 324 KiB  
Review
Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Prophylaxis: An Overview and Update
by Giuseppe Lisco, Anna De Tullio, Domenico Triggiani, Roberta Zupo, Vito Angelo Giagulli, Giovanni De Pergola, Giuseppina Piazzolla, Edoardo Guastamacchia, Carlo Sabbà and Vincenzo Triggiani
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15041004 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 9583
Abstract
The thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesize thyroid hormones, and iodine deficiency results in the inadequate production of thyroxine and related thyroid, metabolic, developmental, and reproductive disorders. Iodine requirements are higher in infants, children, and during pregnancy and lactation than in adult men [...] Read more.
The thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesize thyroid hormones, and iodine deficiency results in the inadequate production of thyroxine and related thyroid, metabolic, developmental, and reproductive disorders. Iodine requirements are higher in infants, children, and during pregnancy and lactation than in adult men and non-pregnant women. Iodine is available in a wide range of foods and water and is susceptible to almost complete gastric and duodenal absorption as an iodide ion. A healthy diet usually provides a daily iodine consumption not exceeding 50% of the recommended intake. Iodine supplementation is usually necessary to prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), especially in endemic areas. The community-based strategy of iodine fortification in salt has eradicated IDDs, such as endemic goiter and cretinism, in countries providing adequate measures of iodine prophylaxis over several decades in the 20th century. Iodized salt is the cornerstone of iodine prophylaxis in endemic areas, and the continuous monitoring of community iodine intake and its related clinical outcomes is essential. Despite the relevant improvement in clinical outcomes, subclinical iodine deficiency persists even in Western Europe, especially among girls and women, being an issue in certain physiological conditions, such as pregnancy and lactation, and in people consuming unbalanced vegetable-based or salt-restricted diets. Detailed strategies to implement iodine intake (supplementation) could be considered for specific population groups when iodized salt alone is insufficient to provide adequate requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Related Disorders)
13 pages, 337 KiB  
Review
Optimizing Growth: The Case for Iodine
by Jessica Rigutto-Farebrother
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040814 - 5 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5114
Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient and component of thyroid hormone. An adequate dietary iodine intake is critical to maintain and promote normal growth and development, especially during vulnerable life stages such as pregnancy and early infancy. The role of iodine in cognitive development [...] Read more.
Iodine is an essential micronutrient and component of thyroid hormone. An adequate dietary iodine intake is critical to maintain and promote normal growth and development, especially during vulnerable life stages such as pregnancy and early infancy. The role of iodine in cognitive development is supported by numerous interventional and observational studies, and when iodine intake is too low, somatic growth is also impaired. This can be clearly seen in cases of untreated congenital hypothyroidism related to severe iodine deficiency, which is characterized, in part, by a short stature. Nevertheless, the impact of a less severe iodine deficiency on growth, whether in utero or postnatal, is unclear. Robust studies examining the relationship between iodine and growth are rarely feasible, including the aspect of examining the effect of a single micronutrient on a process that is reliant on multiple nutrients for optimal success. Conversely, excessive iodine intake can affect thyroid function and the secretion of optimal thyroid hormone levels; however, whether this affects growth has not been examined. This narrative review outlines the mechanisms by which iodine contributes to the growth process from conception onwards, supported by evidence from human studies. It emphasizes the need for adequate iodine public health policies and their robust monitoring and surveillance, to ensure coverage for all population groups, particularly those at life stages vulnerable for growth. Finally, it summarizes the other micronutrients important to consider alongside iodine when seeking to assess the impact of iodine on somatic growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Related Disorders)
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