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Nutrients
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Effects of Nutrition and BMI on Obstetric–Gynecological Pathologies
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Effects of Nutrition and BMI on Obstetric–Gynecological Pathologies

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition in Women".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 September 2026 | Viewed by 2535

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marianna Török

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 78a, H-1082 Budapest, Hungary
2. Workgroup of Research Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 22, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: vitamin D; reproductive health; sport science; gestational diabetes mellitus; PCOS; menopause; endometrial cancer;
Prof. Dr. Szabolcs Várbíró

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Workgroup for Science Management, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
Interests: reproductive endocrinology; reproductive health; gynecologic oncology; hormonal pathophysiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Diet, BMI, and various mineral and vitamin deficiencies affect women’s health. At a young age, fertility and reproductive function are affected by nutrition; later in life, menopause and gynaecological cancers are also impacted. The incidence of endometrial carcinomas increases with obesity. During pregnancy, the risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, and preeclampsia also increases with obesity. Interestingly, menopause symptoms can be reduced through the consumption of estrogen-containing plants (phytoestrogens).

This Special Issue encourages the submission of articles focusing on the effects of nutrition, various deficiency states, and body weight on gynaecological and obstetric pathologies and reproductive function.

Dr. Marianna Török
Prof. Dr. Szabolcs Várbíró
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • BMI
  • obstetric pathologies
  • gynecological pathologies
  • diet
  • mineral
  • vitamin
  • women
  • female
  • fertility
  • reproductive function
  • menopause
  • gynecological cancers

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 580 KB  
Article
Maternal Diet, Lifestyle Factors, and Gestational Weight Gain: A Single-Center Case–Control Study in Hungary
by Edit Paulik, Anita Sisák, Anna Szolnoki, Evelin Olteán-Polanek, Márió Gajdács, Regina Molnár, Andrea Szabó, Gábor Németh and Hajnalka Orvos
Nutrients 2026, 18(9), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18091403 - 29 Apr 2026
Viewed by 251
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health concern worldwide, which may lead to detrimental maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal nutritional status, gestational weight gain (GWG), and lifestyle factors are potentially modifiable determinants of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined the association [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health concern worldwide, which may lead to detrimental maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal nutritional status, gestational weight gain (GWG), and lifestyle factors are potentially modifiable determinants of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined the association between PTB and maternal GWG and assessed whether maternal dietary habits and lifestyle factors were related to GWG in women delivering preterm versus at term. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted at a tertiary center in Hungary (MANOR Study, 2019). The case group included n = 100 women with PTB, while n = 200 matched term deliveries served as controls (1:2 ratio). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and medical records. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was categorized using standard definitions, while GWG was classified as inadequate, recommended, or excessive according to the US 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. A 7-item dietary index score was calculated based on gestational dietary habits. Results: Pre-pregnancy BMI distribution did not considerably differ between groups (p > 0.05); over one-third of women in both groups were overweight or had obesity (38.7% vs. 36.7%). Previous PTB (p < 0.001) and gestational hypertension (GHT) (p = 0.003) were more common among current PTB cases, while smoking, alcohol consumption, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) showed negligible differences (p > 0.05)—28.0% of cases, and 34.5% of controls were classified as having healthy dietary habits, based on the dietary index score calculated. Inadequate GWG was more prevalent among PTB cases (49.0% vs. 26.8%), whereas excessive GWG was less frequent among cases (21.9% vs. 38.4%). Being within the recommended GWG range and the manifestation of gestational hypertension were associated with lower (aOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18–0.87; p = 0.020) and higher (aOR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.44–8.19; p = 0.005) odds of PTB, respectively. Conclusions: Inadequate GWG was more common in PTB, while excessive GWG was more frequent in term pregnancies. Fast-food consumption was associated with excessive GWG among term births. Optimizing GWG and improving maternal diet quality should be included as key, cross-cutting interventions targeting the improvement of antenatal care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutrition and BMI on Obstetric–Gynecological Pathologies)
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Review

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12 pages, 511 KB  
Review
The Role of Nutrition on the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
by Dominika Osińska, Andrzej Woźniak and Sławomir Woźniak
Nutrients 2026, 18(4), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18040646 - 16 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1344
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynecological disease affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and is associated with pelvic pain, infertility, and reduced quality of life. Increasing evidence suggests that diet may influence endometriosis development and symptom severity through modulation of [...] Read more.
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynecological disease affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and is associated with pelvic pain, infertility, and reduced quality of life. Increasing evidence suggests that diet may influence endometriosis development and symptom severity through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormone metabolism. This scoping review aimed to map current evidence on the role of nutrition in endometriosis. Methods: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed and Scopus were searched for original human studies published in English between 2014 and 2024. Eligible studies examined dietary patterns, food groups, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, body mass index, or fat consumption in relation to endometriosis risk, progression, or symptoms. Results: Diets rich in fruits and vegetables, including Mediterranean and low-FODMAP dietary patterns, were associated with reduced pain symptoms and improved quality of life. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients, particularly vitamins C and D, zinc, and curcumin, were linked to modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cellular proliferation. Evidence regarding dairy intake, gluten, carbohydrates, dietary fat, and BMI was inconsistent or limited. Considerable heterogeneity across study designs and outcome measures was observed. Conclusions: Dietary factors may contribute to the modulation of endometriosis-related symptoms and underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Nutrients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties appear promising as complementary, non-invasive strategies; however, methodological heterogeneity highlights the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutrition and BMI on Obstetric–Gynecological Pathologies)
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Other

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17 pages, 1308 KB  
Systematic Review
Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
by Lőrinc Frivaldszky, Mahmoud Obeidat, Péter Hegyi, Csongor Kárpáti, Zoltán Kobza, Nándor Ács, Ferenc Bánhidy, Gergely Agócs, Boglárka Lilla Szentes and Márton Keszthelyi
Nutrients 2026, 18(8), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18081293 - 20 Apr 2026
Viewed by 550
Abstract
Background: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy affects up to 80% of pregnant women and may progress to hyperemesis gravidarum, leading to maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological options, the comparative efficacy and safety of these interventions remain unclear. [...] Read more.
Background: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy affects up to 80% of pregnant women and may progress to hyperemesis gravidarum, leading to maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological options, the comparative efficacy and safety of these interventions remain unclear. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. The databases searched included CENTRAL, PubMed, and EMBASE (up to 28 May 2024). Eligible trials compared interventions with a placebo in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. The primary outcomes were symptom severity, assessed using validated tools. Safety outcomes included adverse effects. Data were pooled using frequentist pairwise and network meta-analyses. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the CINeMA framework. Results: Of 9844 records screened, 24 randomized controlled trials (3017 participants) met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 16 intervention categories. Network analysis ranked quince, vitamin B6 with pomegranate and mint, acupressure P6, dimenhydrinate, and acupuncture combined with doxylamine–pyridoxine as the most effective interventions for reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, with considerable uncertainty and low-to-moderate quality of evidence. Reporting of adverse events was limited. Risk of bias was low to moderate. Discussion: Most interventions demonstrated significant benefit over a placebo. However, high heterogeneity and sparse reporting of adverse effects warrant caution when translating these results into clinical practice. Conclusions: This study indicates that both pharmacological (vitamin B6, metoclopramide, dimenhydrinate) and non-pharmacological (ginger, quince, acupressure, acupuncture) interventions might be effective in reducing symptoms of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutrition and BMI on Obstetric–Gynecological Pathologies)
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