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Nutrients
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Dietary Intake and Allergic Disease
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Dietary Intake and Allergic Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 8559

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Grazyna Czaja-Bulsa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Kathedral and Department of Children’s Diseases and Paediatric Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: food allergy; food hypersensitivity; coeliac disease; non coeliac gluten intolerance; Crohn disease; ulcerative colitis; children
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A food allergy is a diet-dependent disease. The basis of its treatment is the elimination of harmful food. Elimination diets, especially if they involve several foods, pose a risk of nutritional deficiencies. It is now known that, depending on the allergenic milk or egg allergens, the way in which an elimination diet is conducted can vary. Some patients may consume small amounts of these foods in baked form.

The most severe form of food allergy is food-induced anaphylaxis. It requires the complete removal of the harmful food from the diet, which in the case of industrial food is very difficult and results in the elimination of a large number of products.

The clinical picture of food allergy changes with age; not only do the most allergenic foods change, but also the clinical forms of the disease. In addition to the typical gastrointestinal and skin symptoms, a food allergy may be responsible for bronchospasms in infancy and exacerbated asthma in later years. Patients with atopic dermatitis often have a multifood allergy, both IgE-dependent and IgE-independent, which poses major problems not only for the diagnosis but also for the treatment. In patients with hay fever, allergies to fruit and vegetables are common, most often in the form of oral allergy syndrome (OAS), which in its most severe form can be life-threatening (laryngeal oedema).

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide novel insights into the different degrees of elimination of allergenic foods in elimination diets, the risk of nutritional deficiencies during treatment, the amount of food triggering allergy symptoms and the quality of life of patients and their families.

This Special Issue also aims to provide information on the different forms of food allergies, including those occurring in patients with other allergic diseases, which can complicate the diagnosis and treatment.

We welcome original contributions, epidemiological studies, narrative and systematic reviews, as well as meta-analyses.

Prof. Dr. Grazyna Czaja-Bulsa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • food allergy
  • elimination diet
  • nutritional deficiencies
  • cow’s milk allergy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3406 KiB  
Article
Introduction of Complementary Foods and the Risk of Sensitization and Allergy in Children up to Three Years of Age
by Magdalena Chęsy and Aneta Krogulska
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2054; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092054 - 24 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1448
Abstract
Background: Allergy is known to be influenced by both diet and the immune system. In addition, the time of first exposure to food allergens and their type appear to play a particularly important role in the development of allergies. Aim: To determine the [...] Read more.
Background: Allergy is known to be influenced by both diet and the immune system. In addition, the time of first exposure to food allergens and their type appear to play a particularly important role in the development of allergies. Aim: To determine the influence of the time of exposure, and the type, degree of processing, and frequency of supply of complementary foods and the development of sensitization and allergies in children up to three years of age. Materials and metods: The study was conducted prospectively in two stages. The first stage included 106 children aged 6–18 months, while the second stage included 86 children selected from the first stage, after a further 12 months. A questionnaire based on validated FFQ sheets was created for the purpose of the study. The following were assessed: nutrition in the first year of life (time, type, degree of processing), frequency of supply of complementary foods and allergic symptoms, sIgE concentration against 10 foods and 10 inhalant allergens. Four groups of patients were formed. This paper presents the results of the second stage of the study. Results: For all participants, allergenic products, viz. hen’s egg, milk, peanuts, wheat, soybean, fish, tree nuts and shellfish were typically introduced at an age of 7 to 12 months. During this period, egg white was introduced in 47 (85.5%) children with allergy (p = 0.894), in 29 (82.9%) with allergy and sensitization (p = 1.00), and in 38 (82.6%) children with sensitization alone (p = 0.533). Milk was introduced at 7 to 12 months in 35 (64.8%) children with allergy (p = 0.64), 22 (64.7%) with both allergy and sensitization (p = 0.815), and 26 (57.8%) children with sensitization alone (p = 0.627). For other foods, the time of introduction appeared not to significantly influence the presence of allergies or sensitization. Heat-treated peanuts were introduced significantly more often to children without allergies and without sensitization (n = 9; 56.2%) than those without allergies but with sensitization (n = 6; 54.5%) (p = 0.028). Fish was consumed significantly more often by children with allergies, i.e., 1–3x/week (n = 43; 79.6%) than children without allergies, i.e., 1–3x/month (n = 9; 30%) (p = 0.009). Conclusions: No relationship was observed between the introduction time of complementary foods, including allergenic ones, or their type, and the development of allergies and sensitization in children up to three years of age. The degree of processing and the frequency of supply of products may affect the development of allergies and sensitization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Intake and Allergic Disease)
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16 pages, 4457 KiB  
Article
A Murine Model of Food Allergy by Epicutaneous Adjuvant-Free Allergen Sensitization Followed by Oral Allergen Challenge Combined with Aspirin for Enhanced Detection of Hypersensitivity Manifestations and Immunotherapy Monitoring
by Keiko Kameda, Etsuhisa Takahashi, Takashi Kimoto, Ryoko Morita, Satoko Sakai, Mizuho Nagao, Takao Fujisawa and Hiroshi Kido
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030757 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
Food allergy is one of the major existing health problems, but no effective treatment is available. In the current work, a murine model that closely mimics pathogenesis of human food allergy and its quantifiable diagnostic parameter design, even for mild hypersensitivity reactions, were [...] Read more.
Food allergy is one of the major existing health problems, but no effective treatment is available. In the current work, a murine model that closely mimics pathogenesis of human food allergy and its quantifiable diagnostic parameter design, even for mild hypersensitivity reactions, were established. BALB/c mice were epicutaneously sensitized with 1 mg chicken egg ovomucoid (OVM) or cow’s milk casein, free of adjuvants, five times a week for two consecutive weeks. Eleven days later, allergen-specific IgG1 and IgE in serum were measured by ELISA. On day 25, 20 mg OVM or 12 mg α-casein was administered orally, and allergic reactions such as the fall in rectal temperature, symptom scores during 90–120 min, serum mast cell protease-1 and cytokine levels were monitored. The detection of mild allergic reactions due to adjuvant-free allergen sensitization and oral allergen challenge routes was amplified by the combination of oral allergen and aspirin administration simultaneously or aspirin administration within 15–30 min before an allergen challenge. Quantification of the maximum symptom score and the frequency of symptoms during the monitoring period improved evaluation accuracy of food allergy signals. Based on these results, efficacy of casein oral immunotherapy for cow’s milk allergies, which are generally difficult to detect, was monitored adequately. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Intake and Allergic Disease)
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Review

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11 pages, 294 KiB  
Review
Allergic March in Children: The Significance of Precision Allergy Molecular Diagnosis (PAMD@) in Predicting Atopy Development and Planning Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy
by Izabela Knyziak-Mędrzycka, Emilia Majsiak and Bożena Cukrowska
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 978; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040978 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
The allergic march is a progression of naturally occurring symptoms whose nature changes with age. The classic allergic march typically begins in infancy and manifests in the form of atopic dermatitis and food allergy. As immune tolerance develops over time, these conditions may [...] Read more.
The allergic march is a progression of naturally occurring symptoms whose nature changes with age. The classic allergic march typically begins in infancy and manifests in the form of atopic dermatitis and food allergy. As immune tolerance develops over time, these conditions may resolve by the age of 3–5 years; however, they may evolve into allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Traditional diagnostic assessments, such as skin prick testing or serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) level testing, are conducted to introduce effective treatment. Recent years saw the emergence of precision allergy molecular diagnosis (PAMD@), which assesses sIgE against allergenic molecules. This new technology helps more accurately evaluate the patient’s allergy profile, which helps create more precise dietary specifications and personalize allergen-specific immunotherapy. This review presents possible predictions regarding the allergic march and the means of controlling it based on PAMD@ results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Intake and Allergic Disease)

Other

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11 pages, 439 KiB  
Systematic Review
IgE-Dependent Allergy in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review
by Emilia Majsiak, Magdalena Choina, Izabela Knyziak-Mędrzycka, Joanna Beata Bierła, Kamil Janeczek, Julia Wykrota and Bożena Cukrowska
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040995 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2773
Abstract
In order to answer the question if an IgE-mediated allergy (A-IgE) may occur in subjects with celiac disease (CD), a systematic review was performed of available publications collected in the United States National Institute for Biotechnology Information/National Institutes of Health/National Library of Medicine/PubMed [...] Read more.
In order to answer the question if an IgE-mediated allergy (A-IgE) may occur in subjects with celiac disease (CD), a systematic review was performed of available publications collected in the United States National Institute for Biotechnology Information/National Institutes of Health/National Library of Medicine/PubMed database up to 28 December 2022, with the use of the following keywords “allergy&celiac/coeliac”, “sensitization&celiac/coeliac”, and “anaphylaxis&celiac/coeliac” compared in the form of a conjunction. In total, the search returned 2013 publications from these keywords in any section of the article. As numerous review articles included the above-mentioned entries in the abstract, we decided to focus on the publications with the entries only in the title (n = 63). After rejecting studies unrelated to the topic, narrative reviews, book chapters, conference abstracts, symposium reports, letters to the editor, or non-English articles, 18 publications (6 observational original studies and 12 case reports describing a total of 15 cases of A-IgE developed after a diagnosis of CD) were included to this review. Our study is the first systematic review on allergy occurrence in CD patients. The analysis indicated that the possibility of a coexistence of A-IgE with any food and inhalant allergens in subjects diagnosed with CD should be considered. A sensitization to wheat was the most frequently described in subjects with CD. The clinical manifestation of A-IgE in CD was similar to that in subjects without CD; e.g., with possible atopic dermatitis, vomiting, urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylactic shock. Screening for allergies in subjects with CD should be considered, especially in those cases where symptoms persist after introducing a gluten-free diet. The elimination of wheat from the diet of patients with CD may lead to a loss of immune tolerance and to the development of sensitization, which may even manifest as anaphylaxis. In conclusion, although there are few studies assessing the occurrence of A-IgE in subjects with CD, they show the possibility of a coexistence of both diseases and the high clinical significance of this phenomenon, which indicates the need for further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Intake and Allergic Disease)
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