Implications of Diet and the Gut Microbiome in Neuroinflammation

Dear Colleagues,

Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and depression. Emerging research highlights the gut–brain axis as a pivotal player in this process, where dietary components influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota, subsequently modulating neuroinflammatory pathways.

This upcoming Special Issue will gather cutting-edge studies and reviews that explore how specific dietary patterns, nutrients, and bioactive compounds can alter gut microbial communities, leading to either the exacerbation or mitigation of neuroinflammation. By focusing on preclinical and, most importantly, clinical evidence, the collected works underscore the potential of diet-based interventions as a novel approach to manage or prevent neuroinflammatory conditions.

Potential clinical opportunities and ongoing studies are the light motive of this collection, which is essential for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals interested in the intersection of nutrition, microbiology, and neurology, offering new insights and practical recommendations for future research and therapeutic approaches.

Potential topics include, although not limited to:

• The gut–brain axis: mechanisms linking diet, microbiota, and neuroinflammation.
• Exploration of the physiological pathways through which dietary components influence gut microbiota and subsequent neuroinflammatory responses.
• Impact of the Western diet on gut microbiome and neuroinflammatory diseases.
• Examination of how high-fat, high-sugar diets in Western cultures contribute to dysbiosis and neuroinflammation.
• Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: potential dietary interventions for neuroinflammation.
• Review of evidence supporting probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in modulating gut microbiota to reduce neuroinflammation.
• Dietary polyphenols and neuroprotection: the role of gut microbiota.
• Analysis of how polyphenols, such as those found in fruits and vegetables, influence gut microbiota composition and neuroinflammatory processes.
• The role of short-chain fatty acids in modulating neuroinflammation.
• Microbiota-targeted diets in neurodegenerative diseases: clinical trials and future directions.
• Overview of current clinical trials assessing the efficacy of microbiota-targeted diets in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
• Omega-3 fatty acids, gut microbiome, and neuroinflammation: therapeutic potential.
• Study the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on gut microbiota composition and their anti-inflammatory effects on the brain.
• Influence of maternal diet and gut microbiome on offspring neurodevelopment and inflammation.
• Investigation into how dietary interventions can restore gut microbiome balance and reduce neuroinflammation in psychiatric conditions like depression and anxiety.
• Dietary modulation of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis and autism: exploring the gut–brain connection.
• Olive oil and oxidative stress: implications for neuroinflammatory conditions.

Dr. Alberto Corriero
Prof. Dr. Jean Charles Preiser
Guest Editors

Dr. Rossana Soloperto
Guest Editor Assistant

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• brain–gut axis
• inflammation
• diet
• dysbiosis
• probiotics
• prebiotics
• short-chain fatty acids
• polyphenols
• omega-3 fatty acids