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A Special Issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) belonging to the section "Nutrition and Neuro Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2026 | Viewed by 8640

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Dr. Andreea Sălcudean

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1. Department of Bioethics, Medical Deonthology and Medical Communication, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
2. Center for Mental Health Disorders, Mures County Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania
Interests: behavior and behavior mechanisms; behavioral neuroscience; psychiatric condition; anxiety; depressive symptoms; nutrition; neuropsychology; neuroethics; clinical neurophysiology; psychopharmacology; neuroinflammation; cognitive impairment; dietary patterns

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, titled “Dietary Factors and Emotion and Cognitive Health”, aims to explore the complex role of dietary factors in modulating emotional status and maintaining cognitive function, with implications on the biological mechanisms involved in the neuroinflammatory cascade, neuronal dysfunction, and cognitive decline.

A major focus of this Special Issue is the way in which nutritional factors influence the neurobiological mechanisms underlying symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as their impact on cognitive health. In addition, nutritional factors may modulate neuroinflammatory processes and molecular pathways associated with oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neuronal integrity and neurotransmission, with potential implications on neurodegenerative processes. Several clinical studies evidence that dietary factors can be associated with both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects, with significant consequences for mental health.

For this Special Issue, we invite the submission of original research articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses addressing this broad topic with interdisciplinary relevance, including but not limited to, the following:

The effects of diet on neuroinflammation and cognitive function;
The relationship between diet, emotions, and mental health;
Dietary factors involved in cognitive decline;
Investigation of the diet–microbiome–brain axis and its impact on mental health;
Clinical implications for the prevention and management of cognitive disorders from a dietary perspective.

We kindly invite you to contribute to this interdisciplinary scientific endeavor, which aims to provide up-to-date perspectives on the links between diet, emotion, and mental health.

Sincerely,

Dr. Andreea Sălcudean
Guest Editor

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Keywords

behavior and behavior mechanism
behavioral neuroscience
psychiatric condition
anxiety
depression
nutrition
neuropsychology
neuroethics
clinical neurophysiology
psychopharmacology
neuroinflammation
cognitive impairment
dietary patterns

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 900 KB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Reported Disordered Eating and Weight-Control Behaviours Across BMI Categories in Romanian Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Convenience Survey

by Alexandru Mischie, Viorel Jinga, Aniela-Roxana Nodiți-Cuc, Ramona Amina Popovici, Diana Marian, Gabriela Elena Strete, Andreea Mihaela Kis, Alexandra Enache, Laria-Maria Trusculescu, Anca Evelina Bolborea, Calin Muntean, Norina Consuela Forna and Liana Dehelean

Nutrients 2026, 18(16), 2677; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18162677 - 16 Aug 2026

Viewed by 438

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Disordered eating behaviours are increasingly common among young adults, yet nutrition-focused, region-specific data from Romania and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) remain scarce. We characterised nutritional patterns, weight-control practices, disordered-eating indicators, body image, and psychosocial factors among Romanian young adults and tested how these differed across body mass index (BMI) categories. Methods: In a cross-sectional online survey (March–April 2026), 753 Romanian adults aged 18–30 years (93.5% female) completed a 30-item questionnaire. Self-reported anthropometric measurements were classified using WHO BMI cutoffs. Prevalences (with Wilson 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were compared across BMI categories using the chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age and sex, estimated odds ratios (ORs). Results: Most participants were normal weight (59.1%); 11.6% were underweight, 29.3% were overweight or obese, and 86.3% were omnivorous. Dietary restriction (57.4%) and physical exercise (46.7%) were the leading weight-control methods; self-induced vomiting (6.4%) and medication (4.5%) were less frequent. Lifetime compulsive/emotional eating was reported by 50.1%, current stress-related eating by 49.1%, and guilt after eating by 66.1%. Lifetime night eating reached 31.9% (current, 12.9%). Body dissatisfaction (36.1% “not at all satisfied”), difficulty looking in the mirror (66.7%) and self-reported stress (82.2%) were widespread. In adjusted models, dietary restriction, emotional eating and guilt after eating rose steeply and monotonically with BMI (overweight/obesity vs. normal weight: aOR 2.34, 2.49 and 2.73, respectively; all p < 0.001), whereas current night eating and frequent self-weighing did not differ across BMI categories (p = 0.92 and p = 0.82). Dietary restriction increased from 24.1% in underweight to 55.5% in normal-weight and 74.2% in overweight/obesity participants; corresponding gradients were also observed for emotional eating and food-related guilt. Conclusions: In this predominantly female, largely urban online convenience sample of Romanian young adults, self-reported behavioural risk indicators related to disordered eating were common. Restriction, emotional eating and food-related guilt increased with BMI, whereas night eating and self-weighing showed no clear BMI gradient. These findings should be interpreted cautiously and should not be generalised to Romanian young men or rural populations without confirmation in more representative samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Emotion and Cognitive Health)

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16 pages, 1070 KB

Open AccessArticle

Emotional Stability and Emotional Eating in Medical Students: Exploring Indirect Associations Involving Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms

by Lorena Mihaela Grebenisan, Bianca Larisa Abalasei, Andreea Sima-Comaniciu, Aurel Nireștean, Elena Gabriela Strete, Alex Claudiu Boaca, Alexandru-Andrei Ujlaki-Nagi, Dora Mihaela Cimpean, Rareș Manolachi, Corina Mărginean and Emese Lukacs

Nutrients 2026, 18(15), 2499; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18152499 - 3 Aug 2026

Viewed by 429

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Emotional stability is a personality trait associated with emotion regulation and adaptation to stress. Low emotional stability has been associated with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and emotional eating, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships among medical students remain unclear. This study examined the association between emotional stability and emotional eating and explored indirect statistical associations involving anxiety and depressive symptoms using exploratory parallel and serial path analyses. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 291 medical students. Emotional stability was assessed using the DECAS Personality Inventory, emotional eating using the DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), anxiety symptoms using the GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and depressive symptoms using the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Spearman correlations and exploratory parallel and serial path analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS Statistical Calculator v26 with 5000 bootstrap samples. Results: Emotional stability was negatively correlated with anxiety (ρ = −0.546; p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (ρ = −0.603; p < 0.001), and emotional eating (ρ = −0.383; p < 0.001). Anxiety (ρ = 0.380; p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (ρ = 0.454; p < 0.001) were positively correlated with emotional eating. Only depressive symptoms showed a significant indirect statistical association linking emotional stability and emotional eating (B = −0.0139; 95% bootstrap CI: −0.0223 to −0.0068). In the serial path analysis, only the model specifying anxiety as the first intermediate variable showed a significant indirect effect (B = −0.0065; 95% bootstrap CI: −0.0109 to −0.0032). Conclusions: Depressive symptoms showed the strongest indirect association linking emotional stability and emotional eating in medical students. These findings should be interpreted as being consistent with the proposed statistical model and do not establish temporal or causal relationships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Emotion and Cognitive Health)

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28 pages, 8285 KB

Open AccessArticle

Intermittency and Predictability of a Cafeteria Diet Shape Food Intake, Adiposity, and Neurobehavioral Outcomes in Rats

by Rebeca Vindas-Smith, Andrey Sequeira-Cordero, Maripaz Castro and Juan C. Brenes

Nutrients 2026, 18(12), 1913; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121913 - 12 Jun 2026

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Abstract

Background/Objective: Highly palatable foods are pleasurable and motivational stimuli that activate the brain’s reward system and can induce overeating in the absence of physiological needs. This study investigated how different access patterns to a cafeteria diet influence food intake, body weight-related parameters, and metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes. Methods: At postnatal day 31, forty male Wistar rats were assigned to a standard diet or a cafeteria diet with continuous, predictable intermittent, or unpredictable intermittent access. After 10 weeks, the open-field and sucrose-preference tests assessed exploratory and anxiety-like behaviors and reward-related responses, respectively. Body composition, serum biochemical parameters, neurotransmitter content, and mRNA and protein levels were analyzed in reward-related brain regions. Results: Intermittent access increased food intake on cafeteria days compared with continuous access, with unpredictable access yielding the highest intake. Continuous-access rats exhibited higher final body weight and fat accumulation than chow-fed Control rats. Despite similar body weight, both intermittent-access groups had higher visceral adiposity, obesity indices, and adverse metabolic outcomes than the Control group. All cafeteria-fed rats displayed anxiety-like behavior, and all groups preferred sucrose except the continuous-access group. Molecular analyses revealed region-specific differences in gene expression related to neuroplasticity, stress response, and epigenetic regulation that varied with access pattern and predictability. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, beyond diet composition, the pattern and predictability of food access are key determinants of feeding behavior. Intermittent access increases the motivational value of the cafeteria diet, promoting overeating and driving reward- and stress-related neuroadaptations with potential metabolic and mental health implications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Emotion and Cognitive Health)

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14 pages, 1030 KB

Open AccessArticle

Eating Habits, Body Weight Perception, and Psycho-Emotional Factors Among Romanian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Ramona Amina Popovici, Baleanu Vlad-Dumitru, Laria-Maria Trusculescu, Andreea Mihaela Kiș, Alexandra Enache, Cristina Raluca Bodo, Ana Gabriela Seni, Liana Dehelean, Anca Porumb, Diana Marian, Alexandru Mischie, Dana Emanuela Cot (Pitic), Adina Feher and Liana Todor

Nutrients 2026, 18(12), 1837; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18121837 - 6 Jun 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 770

Abstract

Introduction: Dietary habits adopted during young adulthood play a critical role in physical, emotional, and cognitive health. University students represent a particularly vulnerable group due to academic stress, lifestyle transitions, and increased autonomy, factors that may influence eating behaviors, body weight perception, and psychological well-being. This study aims to examine dietary habits among students and their associations with self-perceived body weight, lifestyle characteristics, and psychological factors within a biopsychosocial framework. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a structured, self-administered online questionnaire distributed to university students aged 18–30 years in Romania. The questionnaire assessed dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, lifestyle behaviors, and psychological variables, including perceived stress and body weight perception. Body mass index was calculated based on self-reported anthropometric data. Results: The findings indicated substantial variability in dietary behaviors, with a high prevalence of irregular meal patterns, frequent snacking, and engagement in weight-control practices. Irregular meal patterns were reported by approximately 62% of participants, while 47% had engaged in at least one weight-loss diet. Discrepancies between self-reported BMI and perceived body weight were observed in roughly 38% of cases, and 83% of respondents reported at least one psychological symptom (stress, anxiety, or low mood) related to eating behaviors. A positive correlation was observed between sleep duration and perceived rest quality (r = 0.364, p < 0.001). High frequencies of caffeinated beverage consumption were also observed. Additionally, 204 participants reported no alcohol consumption, while the variety of alcoholic beverages consumed was strongly correlated with alcohol intake frequency (r = 0.734, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Dietary habits among university students are closely interconnected with body weight perception, lifestyle behaviors, and psychological well-being. These findings emphasize the need for integrative health promotion strategies that address nutrition, emotional regulation, and lifestyle balance to support mental and cognitive health during young adulthood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Emotion and Cognitive Health)

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10 pages, 960 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multimodal Nutraceutical and Psychological Intervention for GGT Reduction in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder

by Nilca Stefania Diana, Tarcea Monica and Gliga Florina

Nutrients 2026, 18(11), 1676; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18111676 - 23 May 2026

Viewed by 1054

Abstract

Background: Elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a biomarker associated with alcohol-related hepatic stress and oxidative imbalance. Although alcohol abstinence is the primary determinant of GGT normalization, adjunctive strategies may support biochemical improvement in real-world settings. Methods: This non-randomized cohort study included 197 of 1957 screened participants (10.1%), stratified according to baseline GGT into 55–99 U/L (n = 95) and ≥100 U/L (n = 102). Participants in the higher baseline subgroup underwent a multimodal intervention consisting of nutraceutical supplementation (silymarin, essential phospholipids, and a polyherbal antioxidant formulation) combined with structured psychological support aimed at promoting alcohol abstinence. The primary outcome was the change in GGT between baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2). Secondary outcomes included the proportion of participants achieving GGT reduction and the magnitude of change according to baseline severity. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT07603726. Results: Among participants with baseline GGT ≥ 100 U/L, GGT levels decreased from a median of 133.73 to 97.41 U/L (p < 0.001), whereas in the 55–99 U/L subgroup, median GGT changed from 67.49 to 66.51 U/L without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.072). Participants in the higher baseline subgroup demonstrated greater GGT reductions (median ΔGGT: −35.25 vs. −2.58 U/L), a higher proportion achieving GGT reduction (91.2% vs. 70.5%), and higher odds of GGT reduction at follow-up in exploratory analysis (OR = 4.32, 95% CI: 1.91–9.75). Conclusions: In this real-world cohort, reductions in GGT levels were observed, particularly among individuals with elevated baseline values (≥100 U/L) who underwent the multimodal intervention. These findings support monitoring GGT dynamics in routine clinical practice, where GGT remains a practical and accessible biomarker due to its widespread availability, low cost, and sensitivity to oxidative and alcohol-related hepatic stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Emotion and Cognitive Health)

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16 pages, 1349 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Behaviors, Digestive Symptoms, and Neurovegetative Features in Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study

by Lavinia Cristina Moleriu, Raluca Lupusoru, Călin Muntean, Teodora Piroș, Alina Popescu, Roxana Sirli, Camelia Nica, Daliborca Cristina Vlad, Dora Mihaela Cîmpian, Diana Mihaela Corodan Comiati, Andrei Luca Dumitrașcu and Victor Dumitrașcu

Nutrients 2026, 18(7), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18071023 - 24 Mar 2026

Viewed by 1063

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction (DGBIs), particularly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are frequently underdiagnosed in clinical practice, contributing to a substantial hidden burden of disease. This study aimed to quantify this “symptomatic iceberg” by comparing the prevalence of formal IBS diagnoses with a broader symptom-based case definition in a clinical cohort. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 194 adult subjects from a gastroenterology clinic in Western Romania. Data on demographics, clinical diagnoses, self-reported symptoms, and eating behaviors were collected. For the case–control analysis, patients with confirmed organic gastrointestinal pathology or incomplete data were excluded. The final analytical sample consisted of 52 patients classified as having a functional DGBI phenotype and 84 asymptomatic controls without organic disease, while 58 were excluded from the analysis. Results: While only 4.4% (95% CI: 2.0–9.3%) of the cohort (N = 136) had a formal IBS diagnosis, 47.8% (95% CI: 39.6–56.1%) met criteria for an IBS-compatible symptom cluster, yielding an underdiagnosis ratio of 10.8. Neuro-vegetative symptoms such as sweating (19.1%) and dizziness (11.8%) were highly prevalent. In the case–control analysis, patients with a functional DGBI phenotype had a significantly higher mean BMI compared to controls (28.15 ± 6.49 vs. 24.47 ± 4.60 kg/m²; p = 0.001). DGBI cases were less likely to report regular snacking behavior (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.18–0.74; p = 0.009), suggesting behavioral adaptation. A sensitivity analysis excluding participants with CRP > 10 mg/L (n = 98) confirmed the robustness of these associations, indicating that minor systemic inflammation did not bias the primary findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Emotion and Cognitive Health)

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22 pages, 1375 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Patterns, Cooking Methods, and Their Association with Prediabetes Risk Markers in Romanian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

by Teodora Piroș, Raluca Lupusoru, Lavinia Cristina Moleriu, Călin Muntean, Radu Dumitru Moleriu, Dora Mihalea Cîmpian, Mădălina Gabriela Cincu, Elena Gabriela Strete, Amalia Gabriela Timofte and Ruxandra-Cristina Marin

Nutrients 2026, 18(6), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18060977 - 19 Mar 2026

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1093

Abstract

Background: Young adulthood represents a critical period for the emergence of early metabolic disturbances, potentially influenced by dietary shifts toward convenience and ultra-processed foods. However, evidence linking dietary patterns and cooking practices with objective metabolic biomarkers in Romanian university students remains limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 693 students aged 18–24 years at the Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania (June–July 2025). Dietary habits, food preferences, and cooking practices were assessed using a structured online questionnaire, while anthropometric and biochemical data were obtained from university health records. The primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker of average blood glucose levels over the previous 2–3 months. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c 5.7–6.4%. Dietary patterns were identified using k-means clustering based on fast-food consumption frequency, main meal of the day, fruit and vegetable intake frequency, and predominant cooking method. Multivariable regression models assessed associations between dietary variables and glycemic or lipid outcomes. Results: Prediabetes prevalence was 21.1% (diabetes: 1.4%). Three dietary patterns were identified: health-conscious (prediabetes 15.4%), mixed (20.0%), and fast-food oriented (27.3%; χ² p = 0.003). Fast-food consumption frequency was independently associated with higher prediabetes risk (OR = 1.78 per category; 95% CI 1.38–2.30; p < 0.001) and higher HbA1c levels (β = 0.147; p < 0.001), while fruit and vegetable intake showed an inverse association with HbA1c (β = −0.109; p < 0.001). A dose–response relationship was observed between fast-food frequency and both HbA1c and prediabetes prevalence (p-trend < 0.001). An interaction between high-temperature cooking methods and frequent fast-food consumption was observed for HbA1c (p = 0.023). BMI and sex were the strongest predictors of lipid outcomes, although fast-food intake was associated with higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.034). Conclusions: Among Romanian university students, dietary patterns characterized by frequent fast-food consumption were associated with higher HbA1c levels and greater prediabetes prevalence. A high-temperature cooking method was associated with higher glycemic levels when combined with frequent fast-food intake. These findings suggest that early dietary behaviors during university years may be relevant for metabolic risk profiles in young adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Emotion and Cognitive Health)

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Review

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25 pages, 1414 KB

Open AccessReview

Diet–Microbiome–Brain Axis and Mental Health: Biological Mechanisms and Nutritional Implications

by Diana Uțu, Aniela-Roxana Nodiți-Cuc, Andreea-Mihaela Kiș, Ramona Amina Popovici, Dana Emanuela Pitic, Laria-Maria Trusculescu, Diana Marian, Andreea Georgiana Nan, Asad Salehi Matin, Dora Mihaela Cîmpian, Cristina Raluca Bodo, Alexandra Enache and Iustin Olariu

Nutrients 2026, 18(9), 1412; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18091412 - 29 Apr 2026

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2390

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Diet is a primary and modifiable determinant of gut microbiota composition, diversity, and metabolic activity, thereby shaping microbial-derived metabolites, immune and inflammatory signalling, neuroendocrine regulation, and neural communication with the central nervous system. Western dietary patterns, characterised by high intake of ultra-processed foods, saturated fats, and low dietary fibre, are consistently associated with gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, chronic low-grade inflammation, and increased risk of depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, and neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: This narrative review synthesises evidence from human observational studies, randomised controlled trials, animal models, and mechanistic investigations examining interactions among diet, gut microbiota, and mental health or neurobiological outcomes. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published up to December 2025. Results: The study highlights the therapeutic potential and limitations of dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, and psychobiotics, and critically evaluates them. Also facilitates an improved understanding of diet–microbiome–brain interactions, which may help the development of personalised, nutrition-based strategies integrated into mental health prevention and clinical care. Conclusions: These findings support diet-based, microbiome-informed strategies as scalable adjuncts in mental health prevention and care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Factors and Emotion and Cognitive Health)

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