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Dietary Strategies in Metabolic Disorders

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Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “Dietary Strategies in Metabolic Disorders”, will explore the impact of the different types of nutritional intervention on metabolic diseases with an increasing prevalence worldwide, including type 2 diabetes and its complications, obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and metabolic liver disease. We aim to elucidate the role of the nutrient composition, calorie intake and eating timing in different aspects of the prevention and management of these metabolic disorders. We also welcome studies on novel molecular targets and the genetic background that regulates the metabolic response to nutrition. This content may be useful for medical doctors, practicing dieticians and nutritional researchers.

We look forward to the submission of interesting and attractive manuscripts, including original articles and review articles, to this Special Issue.

Dr. Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
Dr. Stefan Kabisch
Guest Editors

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15 pages, 1419 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Twenty-Four Hour Glucose Profiles and Glycemic Variability during Intermittent Religious Dry Fasting and Time-Restricted Eating in Subjects without Diabetes: A Preliminary Study

by Beeke Peters, Christina Laetitia Pappe, Daniela A. Koppold, Katharina Schipp, Bert Arnrich, Andreas Michalsen, Henrik Dommisch, Nico Steckhan and Olga Pivovarova-Ramich

Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2663; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162663 - 12 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2535

Abstract

Intermittent religious fasting increases the risk of hypo- and hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes, but its impact on those without diabetes has been poorly investigated. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the effects of religious Bahá’í fasting (BF) on glycemic control and variability and compare these effects with time-restricted eating (TRE). In a three-arm randomized controlled trial, 16 subjects without diabetes were assigned to a BF, TRE, or control group. Continuous glucose monitoring and food intake documentation were conducted before and during the 19 days of the intervention, and the 24 h mean glucose and glycemic variability indices were assessed. The BF and TRE groups, but not the control group, markedly reduced the daily eating window while maintaining macronutrient composition. Only the BF group decreased caloric intake (−677.8 ± 357.6 kcal, p = 0.013), body weight (−1.92 ± 0.95 kg, p = 0.011), and BMI (−0.65 ± 0.28 kg, p = 0.006). Higher maximum glucose values were observed during BF in the within-group (+1.41 ± 1.04, p = 0.039) and between-group comparisons (BF vs. control: p = 0.010; TRE vs. BF: p = 0.022). However, there were no alterations of the 24 h mean glucose, intra- and inter-day glycemic variability indices in any group. The proportions of time above and below the range (70–180 mg/dL) remained unchanged. BF and TRE do not exhibit negative effects on glycemic control and variability in subjects without diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies in Metabolic Disorders)

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17 pages, 2767 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hepatic-Metabolic Activity of α-Lipoic Acid—Its Influence on Sphingolipid Metabolism and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in a Rat Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

by Klaudia Sztolsztener and Adrian Chabowski

Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101501 - 16 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1642

Abstract

Excessive lipid deposition affects hepatic homeostasis and contributes to the development of insulin resistance as a crucial factor for the deterioration of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. So, it is essential to search for an effective agent for a new therapy for hepatic steatosis development before it progresses to the more advanced stages. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) administration on the intrahepatic metabolism of sphingolipid and insulin signaling transduction in rats with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats subjected to a standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) and an intragastrically α-LA administration for eight weeks. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine sphingolipid content. Immunoblotting was used to measure the expression of selected proteins from sphingolipid and insulin signaling pathways. Multiplex assay kit was used to assess the level of the phosphorylated form of proteins from PI3K/Akt/mTOR transduction. The results revealed that α-LA decreased sphinganine, dihydroceramide, and sphingosine levels and increased ceramide level. We also observed an increased the concentration of phosphorylated forms of sphingosine and sphinganine. Changes in the expression of proteins from sphingolipid metabolism were consistent with changes in sphingolipid pools. Treatment with α-LA activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which enhanced the hepatic phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. Based on these data, we concluded that α-lipoic acid may alleviate glucose intolerance and may have a protective influence on the sphingolipid metabolism under HFD; thus, this antioxidant appears to protect from MASLD development and steatosis deterioration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Strategies in Metabolic Disorders)

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